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1.
漂流式海气界面浮标是创新研制的“小型化、轻质化、免维护”的漂流观测系统,能够测量海面以上3 m气象、水下20 cm海表面温度和波浪参数等11个不同的物理参数,并且已经经过多次观测应用,结果均较好。为实现漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据全球范围的应用,利用2018年黑潮延伸体海域Argo观测的海表面温度(sea surface temperature, SST)、SVP (surface velocity program)浮标观测的海表温度和OISST (optimum interpolation sea surface temperature)数据,通过将其与漂流式海气界面浮标观测数据进行时空匹配以及对比验证,对漂流式海气界面浮标观测的海表面温度进行了系统评估,检验其在黑潮延伸体复杂水文环境下的观测准确性。结果表明,漂流式海气界面浮标观测SST数据与Argo观测SST数据相关系数达到0.9737,均方根误差和平均误差分别为0.5790°C和0.4539°C;与SVP浮标SST数据的相关系数弱于与Argo的相关系数,为0.9285,均方根误差为1.323 0°C,平均误差约为0.979 4°C... 相似文献
2.
海洋一号C卫星（HY-1C）是服务于海洋水色水温、海岸带和海洋灾害与环境监测的业务化应用卫星,是海洋遥感数据的重要来源,对中国HY-1C卫星红外辐射计在东南亚海域的SST观测数据开展评估与校正工作具有重要意义。本研究基于多源卫星SST数据和ARGO浮标测量温度数据,对中国HY-1C卫星在东南亚海域的SST数据进行了质量评估和改进工作。HY-1C SST数据的质量评估结果表明：HY-1C白天的平均偏差、标准差和均方根误差分别为–0.73℃、1.38℃和1.56℃,夜晚数据偏差分别为–0.95℃、1.57℃和1.83℃。与其他同类红外辐射计的数据质量对比发现HY-1CSST数据精度低于其他红外辐射计。采用月平均差值校正、SST分区域差值校正、SST分段校正3种校正方法对HY-1C SST数据质量进行改进,其中HY-1C SST分区域校正的质量提升最明显,标准差、均方根误差接近1℃,夜晚均方根误差比校正前降低了约0.8℃,白天和晚上均方根误差分别降低了32.52%和42.04%。 相似文献
3.
本文使用HYCOM数值模式,根据两种海气通量数据集(COADS、ECMWF)和两种海气通量块体参数化方案(常数块体参数化方案和非常数块体参数化方案)的不同结合,构成4组数值实验,分别模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度.实验结果表明:1)在本文的实验中,非常数块体参数化方案优于常数块体参数化方案;在太平洋40°N-20°S区域内,采用前者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.21 °C,而采用后者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.63 °C.2)HYCOM数值模式很好的模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度变化及西太平洋暖池空间分布的月变化.特别是实验2(采用COADS数据集和非常数块体参数化方案),在太平洋40°N - 20°S区域内,冬春两季平均SST仅比Pathfinder卫星数据集高0.02 °C.3)不同的海气通量数据会对模式结果产生明显的影响.对比采用COADS数据集的实验2结果与采用ECMWF数据集的实验4结果可以发现,在模拟区域的西北部,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约1 °C;在模拟区域的东南部,实验4比实验2的年平均SST高约1 °C.两者差的最大值出现在58°N、140°E附近及中国渤海,约为4 °C(实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约4 °C). 相似文献
4.
根据2种海气通量数据集(COADS、ECMWF)和2种海气通量块体参数化方案(常数块体参数化方案和非常数块体参数化方案)的不同结合,构成4组数值实验,使用HYCOM数值模式分别模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度。实验结果表明:(1)非常数块体参数化方案优于常数块体参数化方案;在太平洋40°N～20°S区域内,采用前者得到的年平均海表温度比Pathfinder卫星资料高约0.21℃,而采用后者得到的年平均海表温度比Path-finder卫星资料高约0.63℃。(2)HYCOM数值模式很好地模拟了赤道及北太平洋的气候态海表温度变化及西太平洋暖池空间分布的月变化。特别是实验2(采用COADS数据集和非常数块体参数化方案),在太平洋40°N～20°S区域内,冬、春两季平均SST仅比Pathfinder卫星数据集高0.02℃。(3)不同海气通量数据会对模拟结果产生明显影响。对比采用COADS数据集的实验2结果与采用ECMWF数据集的实验4结果可以发现,在模拟区域的西北部,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约1℃;在模拟区域的东南部,实验4比实验2的年平均SST高约1℃。两者差的最大值出现在58°N、140°E附近及中国渤海,实验2比实验4的年平均SST高约4℃。 相似文献
5.
卡尔曼滤波在卫星红外、微波海表温度数据融合中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
卫星红外波段测量海表温度具有空间分辨率高的优点,但受云的影响而导致数据空间覆盖率低;微波辐射计具有全天候、穿透性优势,但空间分辨率低,而且近岸区域受到陆地电磁波的干扰,不能反演有效的海表温度.由于单一卫星传感器获取的数据存在一定的局限性和差异性,因此根据不同卫星传感器的特点,将红外、微波传感器卫星数据进行数据融合具有重要的实际应用意义.卡尔曼滤波是一种最优化自回归数据处理算法,本文将卡尔曼滤波法应用于红外和微波卫星海表温度数据融合研究,给出全天候、高分辨率的海表温度.研究区域为西北太平洋区域:10°N～50°N,105°E～145°E,研究数据时间为2008年3月. 相似文献
6.
介绍了一种将大气效应考虑在内、利用Landsat TM、ETM+热红外数据进行近海岸海表水温反演的单窗算法.在该算法中,将地表气温、相对湿度等常规气象资料作为初始参数,根据对流层中大气温度随高度呈线性降低、水汽随高度呈指数衰减的规律,建立了估算平均大气温度及水汽含量的通用模式.通过与实测数据及MODIS Terra海表水温产品比较发现,该算法能够提高运用TM/ETM+TIR单波段数据进行近岸海表水温(SST)反演的精度:一方面,反演所得结果更接近于海表实际水温;另一方面,它在一定程度上剔除大气中的水汽对SST反演的影响,进而提高海表水温的温度对比度.该提出的大气校正算法只需地表大气温度及相对湿度资料,该算法也无需进行大气模式的界定. 相似文献
7.
白天,太阳辐射将海面上层加热,会出现海表温度日变化的情况,该变化对海气热交换以及海洋生态等的研究具有重要意义,且在不同海域有着不尽相同的变化规律。文章首先介绍了海表温度日变化经验和数值模型,然后在西北太平洋海域范围内,利用美国国家海洋和大气管理局(National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration,NOAA)的改进型甚高分辨率辐射计(Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer,AVHRR)海表温度数据、美国宇航局"水"卫星Aqua上先进微波扫描辐射计(Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer for EOS,AMSR-E)的海面风速和经计算得到的太阳辐射强度数据,通过对已有经验模型系数进行重新回归拟合,得到在该海域NOAAAVHRR海表温度数据日变化的经验模型。验证结果显示,重新回归系数后的模型在西北太平洋海域内计算所得的海表温度日变化大小与AVHRR数据本身计算所得结果相比,其平均偏差为0.01℃,标准偏差为0.22℃,可以在该海域内较好地对NOAAAVHRR海表温度数据进行日变化校正。 相似文献
8.
海表层温度（SST）是一个决定海气相互作用以及生物栖息条件适宜性的海洋环境关键参数,可以通过卫星遥感手段获取,对检验锋面多发、水文条件复杂的近岸区域卫星遥感SST产品的真实性,具有重要意义．本文采用大型海洋环境多层监测浮标获取的SST数据对台湾海峡MODIS遥感SST产品进行检验．结果表明,MODIS遥感与实测SST数据具有很好的一致性,两者的均方根误差为0．5l℃,平均偏差为一0．02℃,平均绝对偏差为0．42℃,相关系数为0．988;MODIS遥感与实测SST数据之间可能存在季节性差异,均方根误差以夏季最大． 相似文献
9.
利用西北印度洋船测数据评估基于卫星的海表面温度 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
本文描述了一次夏季在西北印度洋进行的调查船水文测量,用船测数据评估卫星海面表温度,并寻找影响海表面温度误差的主要因素。我们考虑了两种卫星数据,第一种是微波遥感产品——热带降雨测量任务微波成像仪TMI数据,另外一种是融合了微波,红外线,以及少部分观测数据的融合数据产品——可处理海表温度和海冰分析OSTIA数据。结果表明融合数据的日平均海表面温度的平均误差和均方根误差都比微波遥感小。这一结果证明了融合红外线遥感,微波遥感以及观测数据来提高海表面温度数据质量的必要性。此外,我们分析了海表面温度误差与各项水文参数之间的相关关系,包括风速,大气温度,想对湿度,大气压力,能见度。结果表明风速与TMI海表面温度误差的相关系数最大。而大气温度是影响OSTIA海表面温度误差最重要的因素;与此同时,想对湿度与海表面温度误差的相关系数也很高。 相似文献
10.
卫星遥感海表温度资料和高度计资料的变分同化 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
利用国家气候中心正在发展的第二代全球海洋资料同化系统(BCC_GODAS2.0),针对多变量同化的协调性问题,发展了一种基于三维变分框架(3DVAR)下的高度计和海表温度(SST)相互约束的同化方法。该方法使海面高度和SST资料在同一个动力约束关系下进行同化。在一般方法中,海面高度和SST观测项是代价函数中2个独立的观测项,海面高度项引入动力高度计算公式,海表温度项用统计关系进行垂向投影。在代价函数的实际求解的计算过程中,虽然其总体积分效应受海面高度观测的约束,但整个水柱中各层温盐分析变量的调整是无序的。针对这个问题,文章提出一种新的同化方案。该方案将SST的观测项并入海面高度观测项中,海面高度的一部分,确切说是上层海洋部分,由SST决定,因此至少在SST的统计关系能影响到深度的上层海洋,在代价函数的求解过程中,温盐的调整是受较强的统计关系约束的,而这种统计关系的有效性已经在很多SST的同化试验中被其他学者广泛应用并证明。利用该方法,对1993—1997年的AVHRR卫星遥感海表温度资料进行变分同化试验,用TAO、OISST和SODA数据集进行检验证明,通过对卫星遥感资料的同化能够有效改进对海洋温度和盐度的估... 相似文献
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12.
<正>我国是海洋大国,海岛众多。海岛是壮大海洋经济、拓展发展空间的重要依托,是保护海洋环境、维护生态平衡的重要平台,是捍卫国家权益、保障国防安全的战略前沿。2009年12月26 相似文献
13.
The New Zealand Waters Pollution Regulations 1963, referring to recreational water to which the public can gain access, states that the “coliform bacteria content shall not consistently exceed 1,000/100 ml”. This standard is now under revision, and the suggested new standard is a median faecal coliform index of 200/100 ml with a maximum value not exceeding 400/100 ml. Recent literature supports the use of faecal coliform sub‐group bacteria as the best indicator of faecal pollution and reference is made to the membership of this sub‐group. Inherent inaccuracies of the Most Probable Number (MPN) method of assessing bacterial populations are pointed out, such as experimental variations with different cultural media, and possible errors in interpretation of results. In North America, there is evidence that an MPN for the total coliform group of 1000/100 ml indicates a faecal coliform sub‐group MPN of 200/100 ml, and epidemiological experience supports these values as standards. We tabulate and discuss evidence that the usual ratio of faecal coliforms : coliform group bacteria is typically 1 : 1 in fresh and marine waters of the Wellington region, and that a more attainable standard would be 500 faecal coliforms/100 ml. In ratios quoted in this paper, ‘coliform group’ means the remainder of the coliform group excluding faecal coliforms. The World Health Organisation (1963) definition, of the entire group of coliforms, is not intended. The ratio is different in other parts of New Zealand; in Auckland, for example, the ratio is close to that found in the United States. 相似文献
14.
《Coastal Engineering》1999,36(3):263-269
Using the logarithmic wind profile and typical values of dimensionless sea roughness for different sea states, simple power expressions are derived for the wind profile over water. The power expressions are useful for correcting measured wind speed data at a given elevation (up to an elevation of 60 m) to the standard elevation of 10 m commonly used in coastal engineering studies. The analysis shows that the 1/7 power expression (suggested in [U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Vol. 1. Coastal Engineering Research Center, Vicksburg, USA.] and commonly used today) is a good approximation (<3% error) of the logarithmic profile for various sea states up to an elevation of 20 m. Above this elevation, the 1/7 power expression underestimates the wind speed for moderate to fully developed sea states. 相似文献
15.
《Marine Policy》2015
This paper systematically reviews and synthesizes peer-reviewed, English-language scientific publications (n=212) to identify relevant research about how Ecosystem-Based Adaptation (EBA) is integrated with coastal planning. Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) methodology is applied in this study. Attention was given to studies concerning human-environment interactions as opposed to physical or biological climate change issues alone because the coastal planning and EBA approach addresses the management of human actions in nature. The literature references include the issue of climate change (77%); however, limited evidence of EBA in coastal areas are reported (18%), and it is evident that the issues have become relevant in the scientific literature published in recent years. Broad texts demonstrate that SLR is one of the major long-term impacts (68%), and all of these papers recognize the most affected ecosystems in the tropics would be mangroves. EBA is an emerging option that can offset anticipated ecosystem losses and improve coastal planning to cope with SLR because it provides benefits beyond climate change stressors. There is a need to synthesize a road map for incorporation of mangrove regulations into local planning instruments and for building capacity for their implementation. Application of PRISMA in marine science will enhance future reviews, facilitate the systematic search and adequately document any theme, and also be useful in determining research gaps or information needs. 相似文献
16.
《Marine Policy》2014
This paper summarises research and options for sustainable sea transport in Oceania with a focus on domestic shipping. This debate is situated initially within the context of the current Pacific domestic shipping scenario, a region of minute economies connected by some of the longest sea transport routes in the world. All current options are fossil fuel powered and increasingly uneconomic and unsustainable. Many routes are marginal or unviable and a vicious cycle of old ships replaced with old ships prevails. Although a central and essential issue of many Pacific communities, the option of pursuing sustainable sea transport is currently invisible within the policy space at all levels. Various renewable energy options are possible and increasingly available. Recent research finds that these have strong potential for providing benefits across multiple wellbeings. The barriers to pursing this agenda are complex and poorly understood but are perceptual and institutional more than technological. A small number of critical experiments during the last oil crisis provide critical lessons and direction. 相似文献
17.
采用交叉学科分析的方法尝试对生态学与法学进行分析,探讨海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度的生态学基础.认为,在海洋渔业资源恢复法律制度设计中遵循生态规律、选择过程导向的恢复模式能提高制度的科学性,有利于制度的操作和实施.进一步分析了许可证管理对海洋渔业资源的公平分配,技术法律规范对渔业资源恢复过程进行的生态控制,争端解决机制对海... 相似文献
18.
渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
计算避风锚地的面积是渔港规划设计的重要内容之一.<渔港总体设计规范>(SC/T 9010-2000)推荐采用确定性方法计算避风锚地面积.由于没有规定输入参数代表值的确定方法,实际应用时参数取值带有很大的随意性和经验性,从而导致计算结果的不确定性.引入Monte Carle方法建立了渔港避风锚地面积计算的随机模拟模型,采用不同的概率分布刻划各相关参数,从而获得避风锚地面积的概率分布.实例计算表明,无论采用何种概率分布假定,得到的避风锚地面积均近似地服从正态分布,且不同概率分布假定对95%保证率的避风锚地面积值影响不大;当船长、船宽均取各分组船型的最大值,水深取相应区域水深的平均值,每组渔船之间安全距离及每组渔船数量取规范给定的平均值时,规范方法计算的避风锚地面积保证率在95%左右,从而为规范方法输入参数的确定提供了依据. 相似文献
19.
《Marine Policy》2017
Marine conservation actions are promoted to conserve natural values and support human wellbeing. Yet the quality of governance processes and the social consequences of some marine conservation initiatives have been the subject of critique and even human rights complaints. These types of governance and social issues may jeopardize the legitimacy of, support for and long-term effectiveness of marine conservation. Thus, we argue that a clearly articulated and comprehensive set of social standards - a code of conduct - is needed to guide marine conservation. In this paper, we draw on the results of an expert meeting and scoping review to present key principles that might be taken into account in a code of conduct, to propose a draft set of foundational elements for inclusion in a code of conduct, to discuss the benefits and challenges of such a document, and to propose next steps to develop and facilitate the uptake of a broadly applicable code of conduct within the marine conservation community. The objectives of developing such a code of conduct are to promote fair conservation governance and decision-making, socially just conservation actions and outcomes, and accountable conservation practitioners and organizations. The uptake and implementation of a code of conduct would enable marine conservation to be both socially acceptable and ecologically effective, thereby contributing to a truly sustainable ocean. 相似文献
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《中国海洋工程》2019,(2)
正Aims and Scope Being an international journal, China Ocean Engineering(COE) takes its prime function as the integration of new research concepts, equipment,technology, materials and structures and other scientific advances within the field of estuarial,coastal,offshore, and deepwater engineering with particular reference to developments. The Journal is concerned with all engineering aspects involved in the exploration and utilization of ocean resources. Topics regularly covered include research, design and construction of structures (including wharfs, dikes, breakwaters,platforms, mooring systems, etc.), instrumentation/testing (physical model and numerical model), wave dynamics, sedimentation,structural/stress analysis, soil mechanics, and material research. 相似文献