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1.
1980-2015年青藏高原东南部岗日嘎布山冰川变化的遥感监测   总被引:9,自引:7,他引:2  
基于地形图、航空摄影相片和Landsat OLI遥感影像,对青藏高原东南部岗日嘎布山1980-2015年间的冰川变化进行了研究。结果表明: 1980-2015年,岗日嘎布山冰川面积减少679.50 km2(-24.91%),年平均面积退缩率为0.71%·a-1,末端海拔平均抬升了111 m。研究区范围内有10条冰川处于前进状态,冰川长度平均增加566.17 m;其余冰川均处于退缩状态,冰川长度平均减少823.49 m。与中国其他山系冰川相比,岗日嘎布山冰川面积年平均退缩速率较大,冰川长度变化速率最大,是冰川退缩最强烈的地区之一。岗日嘎布山冰川变化与气候变化关系密切,对研究区附近三个气象站5-9月平均气温和降水变化分析表明,自1980年以来,岗日嘎布山5-9月平均气温显著上升,降水变化不明显,是导致该区域冰川呈现快速退缩的主要原因。  相似文献   

2.
唐古拉山东段布加岗日地区小冰期以来的冰川变化研究   总被引:17,自引:12,他引:5  
王宁练  丁良福 《冰川冻土》2002,24(3):234-244
对唐古拉山东段布加岗日地区小冰期以来的冰川变化资料进行了分析,结果表明,该地区小冰期最盛时(即15世纪)冰川总面积和总储量分别为241.46km2和19.6282km3,目前其面积和储量分别已减少了23.7%和15.1%,并且自小冰期以来有184条长度大约为0.6km的小冰川已消失.该地区各冰川面积和储量的绝对变化量随着冰川规模的增大而增大,而其相对变化百分数却是随着冰川规模的增大而减小.不同方位冰川小冰期以来的平均面积萎缩量、平均末端退缩量和平均末端高程上升量均表明,南坡冰川变化的绝对量比北坡的大.这说明在同一气候变化背景下,该地区南坡冰川对于气候变化的响应比北坡冰川敏感.小冰期以来该地区冰川雪线上升了约90m,这大致相当于气温上升约0.6℃.  相似文献   

3.
1970-2000年念青唐古拉山脉西段冰川变化   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:3  
运用多光谱遥感资料监测冰川变化已成为冰川研究的有效数据源,分析了念青唐古拉山脉西段念青唐古拉山峰区1970年冰川及Landsat ETM (2000)解译的冰川分布.结果显示,念青唐古拉山峰区共有870条冰川,30 a来冰川面积减小了5.7%,冰储量减少了7%;其中,冰川面积1~5 km2的冰川退缩的贡献最大,占总面积退缩量的56.7%.念青唐古拉山东南坡与西北坡的退缩幅度稍有不同,东南坡冰川面积减少了5.2%,西北坡冰川面积减少了6.9%.西北坡的拉弄冰川长度减少了(305±36) m,年退缩率为(10.2±1.2)m·a-1,面积退缩为2.6%.当雄气象站的资料表明,冰川退缩主要受温度持续上升的影响,尤其是1985年以来的温度快速上升的影响.对处于西北坡冰川体积变化分析表明,冰川体积减少可能是导致纳木错湖水位上升、水量增加的重要因素.  相似文献   

4.
利用1999年ETM、2014/2015年GF-1为主的2期遥感影像作为数据源,采用人机交互解译的方法完成了2期冰川编目成果,并对最近15年(1999—2015)念青唐古拉山冰川变化进行分析。结果显示,从1999年至2015年间,念青唐古拉山脉冰川呈退缩趋势,以东段海洋型冰川退缩为主,西段亚大陆型冰川相对稳定。冰川总面积减少了56. 32km2,减少变化率为0. 67%;有10条冰川消失,减少变化率为0. 16%;冰储量减少5. 315 km3,减少变化率为0. 78%。调查结果还显示,念青唐古拉山地区冰川各朝向均呈退缩趋势,偏南向和东向冰川数量与面积减少大于偏北向和西向的;平均坡度在20°~35°范围的冰川数量和面积减少最多;海拔介于4 500~5 500 m区间的冰川面积退缩最明显。在恒河流域和萨尔温江流域的冰川消退最显著。总体上,不同规模冰川均有退缩,规模≤5. 0 km2的冰川是念青唐古拉山地区退缩最多的。冰川退缩与气候变化关系密切。选取念青唐古拉山脉附近3个气象台站,对最近50多年以来的年均气温和年降水量变化分析表明,自1961年以来,念青唐古拉山年均气温呈显著上升趋势,而降水量变化不一,有增有减。气温上升而降水减少,可能是导致念青唐古拉山地区东段冰川退缩的一个因素。  相似文献   

5.
近30a来托木尔峰南麓科其喀尔冰川冰舌区变化   总被引:7,自引:6,他引:1  
20世纪80年代中期以来,托木尔峰南麓地区冰雪融水量明显增加,冰川处于强烈的消融退缩状态.根据对科其喀尔冰川冰舌区不同海拔探测表明,近30 a来冰川厚度明显减薄,冰舌区平均厚度减薄在0.5~1.5 m·a-1之间.对科其喀尔冰川末端位置研究表明,科其喀尔冰川进入20世纪90年代以来处于比较强烈的退缩状态.相对于1974年的冰川位置,冰川退缩了380 m左右.科其喀尔冰川的全面退缩,标志着托木尔峰地区冰川处于全面的负物质平衡状态.  相似文献   

6.
利用2000年的Landsat5遥感数据、1970年和2009年的冰川编目数据, 对天山中段南坡开都河流域和北坡玛纳斯河流域的冰川变化进行了对比分析, 并结合地面气象站点数据分析了冰川对气候变化的响应及南北坡冰川变化的差异性. 研究表明: 1970-2009年间, 两流域冰川面积减少了494.33 km2, 占总面积的26.8% (0.8%·a-1); 冰川储量减少了32.73 km3, 占总储量的27.9% (0.8%·a-1). 其中, 2000-2009年冰川面积和冰储量年退缩率(1.3%·a-1)比1970-2000年(0.6%·a-1)大; 冰储量减少的速率略大于面积缩小的速率, 说明冰川面积缩小的同时, 其厚度在迅速减薄. 1970-2000年和2000-2009年间, 玛纳斯河流域的冰川年均面积退缩率分别为0.5%·a-1和1.4%·a-1, 开都河流域的冰川年均面积退缩率为0.9%·a-1和1.1%·a-1, 显示出玛纳斯河流域冰川在2000年后呈加速萎缩趋势. 影响研究区冰川变化的主因是气温, 而夏季升温幅度及降水的不同是造成南北坡冰川差异性变化的重要原因.  相似文献   

7.
基于遥感和GIS的西藏朋曲流域冰川变化研究   总被引:37,自引:13,他引:24  
晋锐  车涛  李新  吴立宗 《冰川冻土》2004,26(3):261-266
以西藏朋曲流域为例,利用1970年代中国冰川编目数据、2000/2001年ASTER遥感影像及数字高程模型,得到研究区两期冰川分布图,在GIS支持下统计分析冰川变化趋势.结果表明:近30a流域内冰川数量减少10%,面积退缩9%,冰储量减少8.4%;通过对不同规模的冰川分析,再次证实小冰川对气候变化更为敏感.  相似文献   

8.
基于遥感和GPS的贡嘎山地区1966—2008年现代冰川变化研究   总被引:6,自引:5,他引:1  
以对气候变化最为敏感的季风温冰川——贡嘎山冰川为研究对象,利用2002年的ETM+遥感影像和第一次冰川编目数据,提取两期冰川边界并叠加到一起,分析冰川变化趋势.结果表明:从1966年到2002年,贡嘎山冰川总体处于退缩状态,冰川总面积减少6.36%,年均减小0.447 km2,西坡冰川由41条减少到39条,面积减小7.89 km2,减小率为7.97%;东坡冰川由33条增加到36条,但冰川面积减少7.20 km2,减小率为4.71%.2008年5月GPS野外实地测量结果显示,1966—2008年的42 a,海螺沟冰川退缩约943 m,燕子沟冰川退缩494 m,小贡巴冰川退缩210 m,而大贡巴冰川长度基本保持不变,但冰储量在减少.在全球气候变暖的大背景下,温度升高可能是导致贡嘎山地区现代冰川退缩的主要原因.  相似文献   

9.
应用天山乌鲁木齐河源1号冰川8期不同时期测绘的冰川地形图,结合冰川物质平衡的实测资料,研究了1号冰川的面积变化及其对物质平衡计算的影响.结果表明:自1962年以来,1号冰川面积处于持续的退缩状态.到2008年8月为止,1号冰川东、西支已经分别退缩了208.2m和110.5m,同时冰川面积退缩为1.645km2,比196...  相似文献   

10.
根据完成的青藏地区基于1999年ETM、2014/2015年GF-1/OLI两期遥感调查的冰川编目数据,对1999-2015年期间中国喜马拉雅山地区的冰川变化进行分析。结果显示,从1999-2015年间,中国喜马拉雅山地区的冰川普遍退缩,冰川数量减少了85条,面积减少了42.00 km^2,冰储量减少了2.385 km^3,分别占其减少变化率的1.53%、0.67%和0.50%。沿山脉由东向西冰川变化不一,其中东段的冰川数量减少多,西段的冰川面积和冰储量减少多,并且东段的数量减少变化率远大于西段,西段的面积、冰储量减少变化率大于东段,中段的冰川相对稳定。喜马拉雅山地区的冰川在北、北东和东等方向上发生退缩,且减少量依次减少,其中东向的数量减少变化率最大,北东向的面积减少变化率最大,而北向的减少变化率最小。冰川在不同坡度退缩程度不一,在坡度10°~15°范围冰川面积退缩最多、变化率最大,在坡度30°~35°范围数量减少最多、变化率最大。冰川在高程5 500~6 000 m区间数量和面积退缩量最多,其次是在高程5 000~5 500 m区间;在高程3 500~4 000 m区间的退缩变化率最大,而在高程6 000~6 500 m区间的退缩变化率最小。不同流域中冰川变化差异较大,在雅鲁藏布江流域(5O2)冰川数量和面积减少最多,其次是朗钦藏布等流域(5Q2)和朋曲等流域(5O1),而扎日南木措流域(5Z3)的冰川减少量最小,但是变化率最大。总之,小冰川的大规模退缩或者消失,较大冰川也普遍退缩,是喜马拉雅山地区冰川变化的特点。喜马拉雅山地区冰川退缩与气候变化关系密切。根据多年年平均气温和年降水量分析,自1961年以来,该地区年平均气温显著上升,年降水量有增有减,但气温上升、降水量减少是导致冰川消融原因之一。  相似文献   

11.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陈银生 《世界地质》1999,18(1):54-59
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。  相似文献   

12.
从榴辉岩与围岩的关系论苏鲁榴辉岩的形成与折返   总被引:4,自引:1,他引:4       下载免费PDF全文
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压,而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩,榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中,并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体,表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用,且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次(或阶段)却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断:超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部(俯冲板块前部)形成的;榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的,其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升,遭受剥蚀。  相似文献   

13.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

14.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

15.
混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液的研究   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
通过烧杯搅拌实验对混凝剂处理钻井废泥浆液进行研究,从混凝剂适应p H值范围、混凝效果、沉降速度三方面研究比较,找出一种较为理想的混凝剂,并分析了影响混凝剂性能的主要因素,确定了混凝剂的最佳投放剂量。   相似文献   

16.
黄河源区水环境变化及黄河出现冬季断流的原因   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
自1954年有水文观测资料以来,黄河曾在青海省玛多县黄河沿水文站发生过3次断流。本文在分析黄河源区水环境特征及其影响因素的基础上指出,鄂陵湖、扎陵湖的环湖融区调节能力低,当遇到连续干旱、冬季其调节水量不足以维系黄河径流时便会发生断流,这是断流的主因。湖水位降低、开采沙金、过度放牧等自然和人为因素也会对黄河发生断流产生影响。鄂陵湖口附近黄河上修建的水电站开始蓄水,提高了两湖及环湖融区的调节能力,今后黄河冬季出现断流的可能性将大为降低。  相似文献   

17.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

18.
正Artemia cysts are an extremely important component of aquaculture diets.It is well established that the cultivation of fish and shellfish derive substantial health and growth advantages when Artemia are included in the diets of the  相似文献   

19.
利用天山南坡科其喀尔冰川3号观测站2009年全年的气象观测资料,分析研究了科其喀尔冰川表碛区的小气候特征. 结果表明:总辐射和净辐射夏秋季较高、冬春季较低;反射辐射和地表反照率反之. 与其他地区不同,该区主要受积雪物理性质和下垫面状况的影响,冬春季地表反照率日变化表现为由大到小的变化过程,夏秋季表现为倒U型. 温度年变化表现为夏秋季高、冬春季低,最高月均值出现在8月,为9.4℃,最低月均值出现在1月,为-9.6℃. 受山谷风和冰川风的影响,全年的风向以西北风和西北偏西风为主,风向的日变化以11:00为界发生转向. 受降水和冰川消融等的影响,比湿夏秋季月均值较大,冬春季月均值较小.  相似文献   

20.
Climate: Is the past the key to the future?   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
 The climate of the Holocene is not well suited to be the baseline for the climate of the planet. It is an interglacial, a state typical of only 10% of the past few million years. It is a time of relative sea-level stability after a rapid 130-m rise from the lowstand during the last glacial maximum. Physical geologic processes are operating at unusual rates and much of the geochemical system is not in a steady state. During most of the Phanerozoic there have been no continental ice sheets on the earth, and the planet’s meridional temperature gradient has been much less than it is presently. Major factors influencing climate are insolation, greenhouse gases, paleogeography, and vegetation; the first two are discussed in this paper. Changes in the earth’s orbital parameters affect the amount of radiation received from the sun at different latitudes over the course of the year. During the last climate cycle, the waxing and waning of the northern hemisphere continental ice sheets closely followed the changes in summer insolation at the latitude of the northern hemisphere polar circle. The overall intensity of insolation in the northern hemisphere is governed by the precession of the earth’s axis of rotation, and the precession and ellipticity of the earth’s orbit. At the polar circle a meridional minimum of summer insolation becomes alternately more and less pronounced as the obliquity of the earth’s axis of rotation changes. Feedback processes amplify the insolation signal. Greenhouse gases (H2O, CO2, CH4, CFCs) modulate the insolation-driven climate. The atmospheric content of CO2 during the last glacial maximum was approximately 30% less than during the present interglacial. A variety of possible causes for this change have been postulated. The present burning of fossil fuels, deforestation, and cement manufacture since the beginning of the industrial revolution have added CO2 to the atmosphere when its content due to glacial-interglacial variation was already at a maximum. Anthropogenic activity has increased the CO2 content of the atmosphere to 130% of its previous Holocene level, probably higher than at any time during the past few million years. During the Late Cretaceous the atmospheric CO2 content was probably about four times that of the present, the level to which it may rise at the end of the next century. The results of a Campanian (80 Ma) climate simulation suggest that the positive feedback between CO2 and another important greenhouse gas, H2O, raised the earth’s temperature to a level where latent heat transport became much more significant than it is presently, and operated efficiently at all latitudes. Atmospheric high- and low-pressure systems were as much the result of variations in the vapor content of the air as of temperature differences. In our present state of knowledge, future climate change is unpredictable because by adding CO2 to the atmosphere we are forcing the climate toward a “greenhouse” mode when it is accustomed to moving between the glacial–interglacial “icehouse” states that reflect the waxing and waning of ice sheets. At the same time we are replacing freely transpiring C3 plants with water-conserving C4 plants, producing a global vegetation complex that has no past analog. The past climates of the earth cannot be used as a direct guide to what may occur in the future. To understand what may happen in the future we must learn about the first principles of physics and chemistry related to the earth’s system. The fundamental mechanisms of the climate system are best explored in simulations of the earth’s ancient extreme climates. Received: 7 November 1996/Accepted: 23 January 1997  相似文献   

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