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利用贵州省铜仁市新一代多普勒天气雷达资料和贵州省气象局闪电定位仪资料,对黔东北2013-2015年5-8月对流性降雨过程中的雷电活动与雷达回波单体之间的相关性进行统计分析,提取出反映雷电活动的雷达产品特征量,得出该区域雷电预警阈值。结果表明:35.0 d Bz回波顶高(ET)突破-10℃层高度和25.0 d Bz回波顶高突破-20℃层高度这两个指标预警效果较好,成功预警率POD为0.99和0.96,预警提前时间Tw分别为23和17 min;回波顶高大于9.0 km预警雷电发生,预警提前时间为11 min;垂直液态水含量可以作为雷电预警的必要条件,其值介于5.0~15.0 kg·m-3。 相似文献
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对2010年9月13日发生于浙江中部义乌市境内的3个雷暴云团,从大气环流形势、探空资料、云图、雷达资料和大气电场等资料进行分析,认为这次义乌风雹天气是在高空500 hPa副高边缘控制,底层有弱冷空气渗透南下,东部沿海的主导风向由西南风明显转向东南风,垂直风风切变明显条件下发生的;探空资料反映低层湿度相当充沛,中层有明显的干暖盖,层结条件为极不稳定;云图上表现有强对流云团;在雷达图中的3个雷暴云团均有60 dBz以上强度的强回波,回波顶高达14 km以上,垂直累积液态水含量达35 kg/m2以上;大气电场仪的监测有足够强的电场,已超过5 kV/m,一旦有雷暴云经过,将会发生雷击事件;若监测到组合反射率强度、回波顶高、垂直累积液态水含量3者较强且同时跃升特别明显,尤其是垂直累积液态水含量跃升量明显较大(如每个体扫跃升10 kg/m2以上)之时,即可发布强对流风雹或强雷电等天气预警。 相似文献
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雷达资料在高原东北侧雷电预警中的应用 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
利用LD II闪电定位仪资料和兰州CINRAD/CC雷达资料,对甘肃中部2011和2012年夏季对流性降水过程中雷达回波单体与雷电活动之间的对应关系进行分析,提取反映较好的雷达产品特征量,建立雷电预警方案。结果表明,35 dBz回波顶高（ET）突破-10℃层高度和40 dBz回波顶突破过-10℃层高度等2个指标的雷电预警效果较好,预警时间可分别平均提前23和16 min;垂直累积液态含水量（VIL）可作为判断雷电发生的充分条件,但其值应小于30 kg·m-3;ET大于10 km预警雷电发生,预警时间可提前平均为7 min。利用建立的雷电预警方案对2013年的个例进行效果检验分析,结果表明该方案在雷暴天气具有较好的预警效果。 相似文献
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采用青海省东部农业区14个地面气象站冰雹观测资料，对2003-2017年青海东部农业区冰雹天气进行特征分析，利用天气雷达、高空、雷电观测资料对2003-2017年青海东部农业区20例典型冰雹天气个例进行分析研究。得出：(1)冰雹和雹灾集中出现在每年5-9月，冰雹天气7月最多，冰雹成灾8月最多。(2)0 ℃层高度变化对冰雹融化作用不明显；高空垂直风切变比对流有效位能更有指示意义。(3)冰雹雷达回波顶高普遍大于10 km，冰雹直径与回波顶高的线性相关强于冰雹直径与强回波中心高度的线性相关；垂直累积液态水含量普遍大于20 kg?m-2且垂直累积液态水含量增量大于10 kg?m-2时易发生雹灾；风暴顶部辐散正负速度差值对雹灾预警有指示意义，但与冰雹直径无明显相关性。(4)不同冰雹云产生的闪电频次差别很大，同一雹云相同时间内正闪次数越多，则降雹直径越大。利用以上结论统计得出冰雹预警指标、权重和预警区间，通过对预警指标进行历史回代和预报检验，历史回代拟合率达86.9％，预警准确率为80％。 相似文献
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研究旨在探讨雷电发生前各探测资料的变化特征,以期为雷电的预报提供指标。利用湖北闪电定位资料、多普勒天气雷达以及气象卫星的观测资料,从环流背景、系统形成机理、雷达反射率、回波顶高、垂直液态水含量和云图特征等方面,对湖北2014年8月30—31日的一次强雷雨天气过程进行分析。分析表明,在中尺度对流云团的影响下产生雷雨天气,雷雨天气过程发生时间及区域与雷达回波强反射率、高云顶高度区域的位置相吻合。当区域回波强度大部分达到40 dBz,最大达到45 dBz,回波顶高大部分在9 km以上,最大达到17 km,K指数≥36和垂直液态水含量大部分在6 kg/m^2以上,最大达到20 kg/m^2时,对强对流天气的雷电预报有明确的指示作用。 相似文献
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可能降雹多普勒雷达产品特征指标分析 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用位于河北新乐的CINRAD-SA多普勒天气雷达产品,分析了河北中南部地区2D04年的8次冰雹过程,总结了一些冰雹天气的多普勒天气雷达回波特征指标.当回波强度大于等于50 dBz,回波顶高大于等于10 km,垂直累积液态含水量大于等于35 kg/m2时容易降雹,垂直累积液态含水量越大,冰雹直径越大.回波发展初期2～3体扫内,垂直累积液态含水量迅速增大,一般每个体扫增加10～30 kg/m2,这是冰雹独特的特征.冰雹指数为实心正三角时,大多有降雹. 相似文献
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《沙漠与绿洲气象(新疆气象)》2020,(1)
采用青海省东部农业区14个地面气象站冰雹观测资料,对2003—2017年青海东部农区冰雹天气进行特征分析,利用天气雷达、高空、雷电观测资料对2003—2017年青海东部农区20例典型冰雹天气个例进行分析。得出:(1)冰雹和雹灾集中出现在每年5—9月,7月冰雹天气最多,8月冰雹成灾最多。(2)0℃层高度变化对冰雹融化作用不明显;高空垂直风切变比对流有效位能更有指示意义。(3)冰雹雷达回波顶高普遍10 km,冰雹直径与回波顶高的线性相关强于冰雹直径与强回波中心高度的线性相关;垂直累积液态水含量普遍20 kg·m~(-2)且垂直累积液态水含量增量10 kg·m~(-2)时易发生雹灾;风暴顶部辐散正负速度差值对雹灾预警有指示意义,但与冰雹直径无明显相关性。(4)不同冰雹云产生的闪电频次差别很大,同一雹云相同时间内正闪次数越多,则降雹直径越大。利用以上结论统计得出冰雹预警指标、权重和预警区间,通过对预警指标进行历史回代和预报检验,历史回代拟合率达86.9%,预警准确率为80%。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
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Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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The moving-window correlation analysis was applied to investigate the relationship between autumn Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) events and the synchronous autumn precipitation in Huaxi region, based on the daily precipitation, sea surface temperature (SST) and atmospheric circulation data from 1960 to 2012. The correlation curves of IOD and the early modulation of Huaxi region’s autumn precipitation indicated a mutational site appeared in the 1970s. During 1960 to 1979, when the IOD was in positive phase in autumn, the circulations changed from a “W” shape to an ”M” shape at 500 hPa in Asia middle-high latitude region. Cold flux got into the Sichuan province with Northwest flow, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Western Pacific to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation increase in east Huaxi region. During 1980 to 1999, when the IOD in autumn was positive phase, the atmospheric circulation presented a “W” shape at 500 hPa, the positive anomaly of the water vapor flux transported from Bay of Bengal to Huaxi region strengthened, caused precipitation ascend in west Huaxi region. In summary, the Indian Ocean changed from cold phase to warm phase since the 1970s, caused the instability of the inter-annual relationship between the IOD and the autumn rainfall in Huaxi region. 相似文献
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Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献