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1.
川滇地区速度结构的区域地震波形反演研究   总被引:22,自引:6,他引:22       下载免费PDF全文
利用云南数字地震台网的区域地震波形资料,对川滇地区的地壳上地幔速度结构进行了初步研究. 结果表明,川滇地区上地幔顶部P波速度较小,约78 km/s,P波速度在上地幔表现为较小的正速度梯度,S波在100~160 km深度范围内表现为弱低速层. 对于较短的观测路径,不同路径的平均P波和S波速度存在明显的横向变化. 与川滇菱形块体内部的速度结构不同,在块体边界附近可以观测到比较明显的上地壳低速层,我们认为它可能与块体边界的断裂带有关;川滇菱形块体内部存在的下地壳低速层,有利于块体向南滑动,而中上地壳没有明显低速结构,可能表明川滇菱形块体向南滑动的解耦深度至少在下地壳. 根据不同路径的反演结果,给出了云南中部地区地壳内部的平均速度结构.  相似文献   

2.
田建慧  罗艳 《地震》2019,39(2):110-121
本文收集了1976—2018年发生在中国大陆及其周边地区(15°~55°N, 65°~125°E)的4303个地震震源机制解, 分析了该区震源机制解和P、 T轴空间分布特征, 并使用这些震源机制解, 反演得到了中国大陆及周边地区二维构造应力场分布。 应力场反演结果表明, 云南大部、 青藏高原大部以及华北华南大部以走滑型应力性质为主, 印度洋板块与欧亚板块的强烈碰撞控制着中国西部地区, 大量的逆断型地震集中分布在青藏高原周缘和西域活动地块的天山地区。 青藏高原内部也存在正断型地震, 且应力场方向在26°N发生了很大的变化。 位于青藏高原东构造线以南的滇缅活动块体, 最大主压应力σ1方向在大致100°E发生突变, 由以西的NNE方向偏转到NNW方向。 中国东部的东北块体到华北块体再到华南块体, 最大主压应力方向有一个从NE向逐渐转变成EW向再变化到NW向的旋转趋势。 应力场总体结果表明, 中国东部应力场主要受到太平洋板块和菲律宾板块对欧亚大陆俯冲的作用, 中国西部主要受印度板块向北碰撞欧亚大陆的影响, 块体内部相互作用、 块体与断裂带相互作用也对应力场变化产生影响。  相似文献   

3.
滇东南弧形构造带现今活动性质的地震学研究   总被引:3,自引:2,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
呼楠  韩竹军 《地震地质》2013,35(1):1-21
利用hypo2000和hypoDD程序对滇东南弧形构造带1990—2011年间的小震进行了重新定位和精定位;精定位后水平误差≤1.4km,垂直误差≤1.9km。在此基础上,根据P珔波和S珔波最大振幅比法,得到区内2007—2012年间148个小震的震源机制解。研究表明,正-走滑滑动性质的节面数几乎为逆-走滑的2倍,显示该区现今构造活动以正-走滑性质为主。根据精定位后的小震震源深度剖面特征,曲江断裂、石屏-建水断裂倾向SW,红河断裂倾向NE,与该地区地壳速度结构剖面所反映的断裂几何学特征一致。在大陆动力学背景上,苏门答腊-缅甸海沟的回拉效应影响边界可能已经沿NEE方向深入到曲江断裂和石屏-建水断裂,而川滇块体SSE向的推挤作用在滇东南弧形构造带可能已居于次要地位,与SSE-NNW向的挤压作用相比,SWW-NEE向的拉张效应在滇东南现今构造活动中起着更重要的作用。这样的构造动力学背景与小震震源参数的总体特征所反映的构造力学环境也是一致的,滇东南弧形构造带可能是一个正在形成的张-剪性构造区。  相似文献   

4.
祁连山中东段基于CAP方法的中小地震震源机制研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
张辉  徐辉  姚军  代炜 《山西地震》2010,(1):25-29
利用甘肃省数字地震台网记录的区域波形资料,采用CAP方法计算了2001年至2009年发生在祁连山地震带中东段的37次中小地震震源机制解;采用格点搜索法对这37次地震震源深度进行了重新计算,获得了较理想的结果。结果表明,震源机制解具有分区特征,N38°以北地震以走滑型地震为主,N38°以南的地震以走滑型及走滑兼逆冲型为主。主压应力主要有两个优势方向NE和NEE向,仰角大多数小于30°,说明作用力以水平作用为主。通过与哈佛大学中强地震震源机制结果对比发现,该地区的中小地震震源机制的反演结果与强震震源机制结果有较好的一致性。  相似文献   

5.
The Wenchuan earthquake occurred near the "triple junction" linking the Bayan Har block, the South China block, and the Sichuan-Yunnan rhombic block, and its influences on the surrounding blocks and the main fault zones in the Sichuan-Yunnan region, i.e., the block boundary zone, cannot be ignored. In this paper, changes of movement and stress of the fault zones before and after a strong earthquake were simulated based on the GPS repetition survey results recently obtained during 1999–2007, 2009–2011, and 2011–2013 with a two-dimensional finite-element contact model and the "block- loading" method. The results show that, before the Wenchuan earthquake, the movement of the Longmenshan fault zone was very slow and its compressive stress accumulated rapidly; after the Wenchuan earthquake, movements toward the E-SSE direction of the Bayan Har, southwestern Yunnan, and rhombic blocks were enhanced, and the dextral and horizontal compressive speeds and annual accumulative compressive stress of the Longmenshan fault zone increased markedly by factors of 4.5, 2.1, and 2.5, respectively. The southern Xianshuihe, Anninghe, Zemuhe, Daliangshan, and Lijiang-Xiaojinhe fault zones accumulated compressive stress rapidly, forming enhanced compressive stress zones along a NE strike crossing the central part of the Sichuan-Yunnan region. The tensional movement of the Xianshuihe fault zone was enhanced and the slip movement in the central part of the zone was reversed in a short time. The changes are tightly related to the medium-intensity earthquakes that occurred during the same period in this region, revealing that the spatial migration of seismic activity is related to changes of movement of the blocks.  相似文献   

6.
基于搜集到的2000—2018年滇西北地区MS≥3.0地震的震源机制解,运用线性叠加反演法进行应力场反演,分析了滇西北地区现今的构造应力状态,进一步探讨了应力张量方差的时空分布与地震活动的关系。结果显示:① 滇西北地区地震的震源机制解类型复杂,主要以走滑型(46%)为主,正断型(27%)次之;② 研究区的构造应力场具有整体的一致性和局部的非均匀性,呈现为NNW向挤压和ENE向拉张的走滑型应力结构,说明研究区受到来自NNW向的水平挤压作用,对该地区上地壳运动和断裂活动起主导作用;③ 滇西北地区的应力张量方差大都小于0.2,除北部一些地区外,应力场基本处于均匀状态。根据应力张量方差随时间的变化和后续地震可知,中强地震大都发生在应力张量方差值低于0.2的情形,且主要发生在应力张量方差减小即震源机制解趋于一致的过程中。空间上这些地震基本都发生在应力张量方差的低值分布区及其边缘,这一结果有助于判定发震地点和了解区域应力集中增强过程。   相似文献   

7.
利用哥伦比亚大学 GCMT 目录给出的祁连山中东段地区中强地震震源机制资料,研究较大区域(34°-41°N,100°-106°E)的应力场;利用该地区布设的中法微震数字监测台网多年监测资料和甘肃数字监测台网资料,使用 P 波和 S 波初动及振幅比联合反演方法,反演中小地震震源机制解和发震应力场。结果表明,地区构造应力大致为北东40°-45°水平向压应力;景泰地区主压应力方向约北东45°,绝大多数地震为走滑型。天祝-古浪地区有相当部分的逆断层地震分布,主压应力方向约60°,P 轴仰角在10°左右优势分布,大致为水平应力场。这与大区域构造应力场和断层实际分布基本一致。  相似文献   

8.
Using the seismic waveform data recorded by regional seismic network of Yunnan and Sichuan and the method of CAP, we calculate and obtain the focal mechanism of 268 earthquakes with the magnitude of ML≥4.0 occurring in Yunnan during Jan. 1999 to Aug. 2014; then, we analyze the types and the regional feature of the focal mechanism of earthquakes in Yunnan, on the basis of the focal mechanism of 109 earthquakes analyzed by Harvard University. Based on the data of the above focal mechanism solutions, we adopt the method of damped regional-scale stress inversion to calculate the best-fitting tectonic stress tensor of every grid in Yunnan; and adopt the method of maximum principal stress to calculate the direction of maximum horizontal principal stress in Yunnan. The result shows that: (1)the strike-slip type is the most principal type of the earthquake focus in the study area and the second is the normal faulting type; while, the reverse-fault type is relatively small. The spatial distribution of focal mechanism is obvious. This reflects that the dynamic source and acting force are different in different parts of the study area. (2)The direction of the stress field in Yunnan shows a certain spatial continuity. Maximum horizontal principal compressive stress is mainly clockwise from north to south and counterclockwise from the west to the east. The direction of stress field shows inhomogeneity in space. There exist two stress conversion zones respectively in EW and NS direction. The inversion result of stress field shows that the stress field in Yunnan is complex and the principal stress direction changes greatly; and there are obvious differences in different regions.  相似文献   

9.
欧亚地震带现代构造应力场及其分区特征   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用美国哈佛大学矩心矩张量目录中的2818个地震的震源机制解资料,分析了欧亚地震带及其5个分区现代构造应力场的基本特征,给出了5个分区的震源机制主压应力方向分布图。结果表明:①欧亚地震带以逆断型和走滑型断层活动为主;②地中海地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主压应力方向为SSW向;③伊朗—阿富汗—巴基斯坦地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NNE—NS向;④喜马拉雅地震以逆断型为主,主压应力优势方向为NS和NE向;⑤川—滇—缅地震区以走滑断层活动为主,主应力场方向为NNE向;⑥印度尼西亚地震区以逆断型断层活动为主,主压应力优势方向为NE—SSW向。各分区的主压应力方向明显受其所在区域板块运动的影响,由此推测板块运动可能是产生欧亚地震带构造应力的主要力源。  相似文献   

10.
计算和研究了1976年云南龙陵Ms73、Ms74双主震产生的完全库仑破裂应力变化及其对后续震群序列的动态和静态应力触发作用.结果显示,龙陵第2主震受到了第1主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力的触发作用.龙陵双主震的13个后续强余震中,发生在龙陵三角形块体内部的强余震,90%都受到了第1或第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发或静态库仑破裂应力触发作用,发生在三角形块体外部的强余震,2/3受到了第2主震的动态库仑破裂应力触发作用.从触发作用的强度和范围上看,第2主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用都大于第1主震.就近场而言,受到龙陵双主震的动态和静态库仑破裂应力触发作用的余震数目相当,但动态库仑破裂应力的触发作用范围大于静态库仑破裂应力.  相似文献   

11.
2018年9月8日,云南省墨江县发生MS5.9地震并伴随一系列余震,探究该地震周围的应力场对于理解该地震的发生机制和后续地震的发展趋势具有着重要的参考意义.本研究收集了震源及其邻区中前人研究和Global CMT所给出的震源机制资料,对该地区进行了构造应力场反演,并同时利用反演得到的应力张量模拟墨江地区的震源机制解表现.结果表明:(1)在应力轴整体分布上,自西向东σ1轴(压轴)从NNE-SSW向逐渐转向NNW-SSE向,σ3轴(张轴)从WWN-EES向逐渐转向WWS-EEN向,张轴呈弧形分布,压轴呈放射状分布.(2)在应力轴倾伏角上,研究区域内的压应力轴和张应力轴倾伏角都比较小,即两轴均接近水平.(3)R值分布大体是在东南部相较于西北部大,结合当地地质背景分析得到,物质逃逸自西北向东南呈逐渐变缓的趋势.(4)利用反演得到的应力张量和应力状态计算墨江地震震源区的相对剪应力和相对正应力大小.由此推测,墨江地震恰好发生在相对剪切应力值和相对正应力正值最大的节面上.从而可以确定墨江地震的发震节面的基本参数:走向216.32°,倾角86.91°,滑动角0.27°,相对剪应力值0.9,相对正应力值0.3.本研究为此次墨江地震的发震背景和地震动力学研究提供了基础性资料.  相似文献   

12.
选取鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(38.5°—42.0°N,109.5°—116.0°E)2008年1月—2018年4月144个ML≥2.5地震事件,利用振幅比和P波初动联合求解震源机制解的方法(FOCMEC方法),得到鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(晋冀蒙交界区域)地震震源机制解。利用阻尼区域应力反演方法(MSATSI软件)将研究区域分为1°×1°的地壳应力场,得到了应力场图像。结果显示,鄂尔多斯块体东北缘地区(晋冀蒙交界区域)震源机制解主要类型是正断型和走滑型,应力状态以拉张为主,局部区域存在剪切作用,最大水平主应力方位主要为NE向。  相似文献   

13.
张之立 《地震学报》1985,7(1):45-56
本文从应力场角度分析了1976年唐山地震发生的可能力源。震前唐山地区除受有太平洋板块和印度板块的作用外,主要受有附近的热力源的作用。以渤中为中心的下辽河—渤中—黄骅上地幔隆起的高温区和沧东断裂水平温度梯度带的存在,使唐山地区位于热应力集中区。本文根据已有的观测结果,提出了将温度变化区简化为圆形、狭长矩形和椭圆形等三个力学模式,分别求得它们的解析解,并计算了它们的热应力场。结果表明:在增温区以内,正应力都是压应力,剪应力很小。在增温区以外,法向应力为压应力,周向应力为张应力,水平剪应力较大,但各个应力分量随着距离增加而衰减,只在增温区的边缘地带达到最大值,其数值有几百巴的数量级。唐山恰好位于该增温区的边缘地带,表明热力源是促使唐山地震发生的重要原因。 除唐山地震外,华北地区近年发生的几个大地震如邢台、河间、渤海、海城地震,以及1983年发生的菏泽地震,均位于热应力的高值地带,这些地震的孕育和发生显然也与热力源的作用有关。   相似文献   

14.
用F-K方法确定腾冲火山区震源机制*   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
介绍了计算理论地震图的 F- K方法在不同深度 ,不同震中距 ,不同震源类型的情况 ,表明这种方法在高频区和多层水平层状模型计算效果较好 ,适用于研究中小地震的震源机制。采用 F- K方法得到了发生在腾冲火山区的 3个地震的震源机制 ,结果表明地震 1和地震 2是走滑断裂 ,地震 3是逆断层。 3个地震的主压应力轴基本呈北西向 ,与云南地区主压应力轴方向基本吻合 ,因此 ,推断这 3个地震是构造地震。  相似文献   

15.
2015年3月30日至5月15日,巴布亚新几内亚-新不列颠地区发生了一系列地震.为研究该地区的构造应力环境及孕震背景,本文基于Global CMT目录,对新不列颠区域浅部进行构造应力场反演,拟得到高精度的应力图像.反演结果显示:(1)沿着南、北俾斯麦块体边界的区域构造应力场呈走滑体系,最大主压应力轴方位呈SWW-NEE向.(2)所罗门海的NW和NE走向的海沟处于压缩状态,所罗门海块体向新不列颠和所罗门群岛俯冲的板块弯曲部分是局部拉张.(3)受俯冲带的北向推挤,南俾斯麦板块顺时针旋转的挤压,太平洋板块向西部运动汇聚作用,新不列颠岛东北部与新爱尔兰岛南部交汇区域呈现明显非均匀应力状态.(4)此次地震序列的大多数走滑型和逆冲型地震,可能是所罗门海块体俯冲运动,和南俾斯麦块体与太平洋板块的近EW向挤压作用共同引发.  相似文献   

16.
In this paper,we collect 6 361 waveform data to calculate the shear wave splitting parameters from a regionalseismic network of 22 digital stations in Yunnan and its adjacent area from July 1999 to June 2005.By using thecross-correlation method,64 splitting events of 16 stations are processed.We also collect the splitting results ofeight earthquake sequences to present the characteristics of shear wave splitting in Yunnan and its adjacent areas.The orientations of maximum principal compressive stress of three sub-regions in this area are derived from theCMT focal mechanism solutions of 43 moderate-strong earthquakes provided by Harvard University by the P axisazimuth-averaging method.The principal strain rate at each observatory is deduced from the observations ofCrustal Movement Observation Network of China during the period from 1999 to 2004.In addition,the data of Pnaniso-tropy and SKS splitting of Yunnan and its adjacent areas are also collected.We have discovered from thisstudy that the continental lithosphere,as a main seismogenic environment for strong earthquake,can be dividedinto blocks laterally;the mechanical behavior of lithosphere varies with depth and can be divided into differentlayers in the vertical orientation;the information of crustal deformation obtained from GPS might be affected bythe type of blocks,since there are different types of active blocks in Yunnan and its adjacent areas;the shear wavesplitting in this region might be affected mainly by the upper crust or even the surface tectonics.  相似文献   

17.
The middle part of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang is located in the north-central part of the Tianshan orogenic belt, between the rigid Tarim Basin and Junggar Basin. It is one of the regions with frequent deformation and strong earthquake activities. In this paper, 492 MS>2.5 earthquake events recorded by Xinjiang seismograph network from 2009 to 2018 were collected. The MS3.5 earthquake was taken as the boundary, the focal mechanism solutions of the earthquake events in this region were calculated by CAP method and FOCEMEC method respectively. At the same time the focal mechanism solutions of GCMT recorded historical earthquake events in this region were also collected. According to the global stress map classification standard, the moderate-strong earthquakes in the region are mainly dominated by thrust with a certain slip component, which are distributed near the combined belts of the Tarim Basin, Junggar Basin, Turpan Basin and Yili Basin with Tianshan Mountains. The thrust component decreases from south to north, while the strike-slip component increases. The spatial distribution characteristics of the tectonic stress field in the middle section of the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang are obtained by using the damped regional-scale stress field inversion method. The maximum principal compressive stress in axis the study area rotated in a fan shape from west to east, the NW direction in the western section gradually shifted to NE direction, its elevation angle is nearly horizontal, in the state of near horizontal compression. The minimum principal compressive stress axis is nearly EW, and the elevation angle is nearly vertical. Influenced by large fault zones such as Kashi River, Bolhinur, Nalati, Fukang, the southern margin of the Junggar and the north Beiluntai, the local regional stress field presents complex diversity. Under the influence of the northward extrusion of Pamir and Tarim blocks, the whole Tianshan is shortened by compression, but its shortening rate decreases from south to north and from west to east, the stress shape factor increases gradually from west to east, the intermediate principal compressive stress axis exhibits a change in compression to extension. There are some differences in the characteristics of tectonic stress field between the north and south of Tianshan Mountains. The regional maximum principal compressive stress axis is 15° north by east on the south side, while it is nearly NS on the north side. The deformation of the Tianshan Mountains and the two basins on both sides is obviously larger than that in the inside of the mountain. Changes in the crustal shortening rate caused by the rotation of the rigid Tarim block and Junggar block to the relatively soft Tianshan block, as well as the uplifts of Borokonu and Bogda Mountains, the comprehensive influence of the material westward expansion constitute the stress field distribution characteristics of the north and south sides of the middle section of Tianshan Mountains. The recent two MS6.6 earthquakes in the region caused the regional stress field to rotate counterclockwise. The post-earthquake stress field and the main source focal mechanism solution tend to be consistent. The seismic activity in the study area is week in the south and strong in the north. The focal depth is about 20km. Most strike-slip earthquakes occur near the junction belt of the Tianshan and Junggar Basin.  相似文献   

18.
使用永胜地震台分量钻孔应变2013—2016年观测资料,对出现的异常现象进行分析,结果发现,异常的成因既有干扰因素,也有前兆因素。在云南省几次M 4.4—5.5地震发生前,永胜地震台分量钻孔应变出现较为显著的短期异常,异常特征主要表现为:震前多分量应变速率突然增大或张性与压性应变交替变化,异常结束后1—20天发震。  相似文献   

19.
南北地震带区域构造应力场反演   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
利用区域应力张量阻尼方法,使用南北地震带及其邻近区域2009年1月—2017年8月466次ML≥3.5地震的震源机制解,及1976年1月—2017年8月GCMT公布的259次M≥4.5地震的震源机制解,反演得到研究区1.0°×1.0°网格大小区域的构造应力场。应力场空间分布特征显示,南北地震带作为青藏高原的东边界,由于所处动力环境复杂,其内部最大主应力方向具有明显的空间差异性。这种差异主要表现为:南北地震带北段最大主应力方向为NE向;南北地震带中段及周边除龙门山断裂带NE段最大主应力为NW-NNW向外,其它地段最大主应力近EW向;南北地震带中南段最大主应力方向逐渐由近EW向到NW或NE向,再到近NS向。整体而言,南北地震带及邻近区域最大主应力方向由北到南发生了顺时针旋转。川滇菱形块体内部最大主应力方向为NNW向,应力方向转换带与块体边界基本一致,其东边界以东最大主应力方向为NW向,西边界以西为NNE向。从区域构造应力场的角度分析,难以将“南北地震带”作为一个统一的地震带应用于中长期地震预测的研究与实践中。   相似文献   

20.
南北地震带震源机制解与构造应力场特征   总被引:23,自引:7,他引:16       下载免费PDF全文
南北地震带作为中国大陆地应力场一级分区的边界,其构造应力场的研究对理解大陆强震机理、构造变形和地震应力的相互作用具有重要意义.本文收集南北地震带1970—2014年的震源机制解819条,按照全球应力图的分类标准对震源机制解进行分类,发现其空间分布特征与地质构造活动性质比较吻合.P轴水平投影指示了活动块体的运动方向,T轴水平投影在川滇块体及邻近地区空间差异特征最为突出,存在顺时针旋转的趋势.南北地震带的最大水平主应力方向具有明显的分区特征,北段为NE向走滑类型的应力状态,中段为NEE—EW—NWW向的逆冲类型,南段为SE—SSE—NS—NNE向走滑和正断类型,在川滇块体的北部和西边界应力状态为EW—SE—SSE的正断层类型,表明来自印度板块的NNE或NE向的水平挤压应力和青藏高原物质东向滑移沿大型走滑断裂带向SE向平移的复合作用控制了南北地震带的岩石圈应力场.川滇块体西边界正断层类型应力状态范围与高分辨率地震学观测得到的中下地壳低速带范围基本吻合,青藏高原向东扩张的塑性物质流与横向边界(丽江—小金河断裂带)的弱化易于应变能的释放,在局部地区使NS向拉张的正断层向EW向拉张正断层转变.反演得到的应力状态基本上与各种类型地震的破裂方式比较吻合,也进一步验证反演结果的可靠性,可为地球动力学过程的模拟和活动断层滑动性质的厘定提供参考.  相似文献   

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