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珠江三角洲经济发达，人口众多，水网密布，大部分又属于地震基本烈度７度区。在其范围内有属于大中型水库的土坝５５座，堤围总长数百ｋｍ。有关部门要求对土坝和堤围进行震害预测。本项预测采用概率方法，首先根据５５座土坝和５９个重点堤围的座标进行概率地震危险性分析，给出它们在一定预测年限Ｔ（取５０年和１００年）的地震烈度Ｉ的超越概率；其次根据近年我国发生的几次强震时处于不同烈度区内的土坝和堤防的震害资料，形成表示土坝和土堤地震易损性的震害概率矩阵；然后，根据上述两方面结果用概率公式评价各土坝和堤围卢、在预测年限内各震害等级的超越概率，并取１０％超越概率为标准，估计震害等级。 相似文献
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本文在进行冕宁县建筑物普查和建筑物抗震性能抽样调查的基础上,采用建筑物单体及群体震害概率预测方法,对冕宁县进行震害预测,给出了50年内各镇及广大农村的建筑震害预测结果,为该县防震减灾提供了科学的依据。 相似文献
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提出了城市煤气管网系统震害的一种预测方法。该方法可以考虑地震作用等的随机性用概率方法给出了煤气管线不同破坏诉概率值，并可对整个管网系统的抗震可靠性进行概率性震害预测。 相似文献
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依据地震危险性分析的思路，提出一种场地震害预测的方法。依此方法，给出山东地区５０ａ超越概率为１０％的震害预测略图 相似文献
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供水管道的震害主要原因是强烈的地面运动或场地失效以及管材、管径尺度等因素的影响。因此,将管道细分为单元,并分别考虑主要因素是强烈的地面运动或场地失效对单元的震害影响,建立相应的震害预测模型;单元综合震害以及由单元组成的管道体系的震害,则采用综合概率法进行预测。用GIS空间分析技术,依据用户指定的单元划分原则进行多因素单元自动划分,将有助于提高震害预测的自动化水平和预测效率。另外主要介绍了供水管道的单元震害预测模型和综合概率预测模型;叙述了在GIS环境下管道数据管理与查询、地图显示、预测单元自动划分、预测结果的显示输出等功能设计。 相似文献
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贝叶斯模型在房屋震害预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
概率理论为大量工程应用中包含的不确定性分析及影响提供了数学依据。本讨论贝叶斯模型在房屋震害预测中的应用。贝叶斯模型假定分布参数为未知的随机变量，充分利用主观判断和观测数据通过贝叶斯公式得到房屋震害概率的合理估计，以地震考察取得的永恒破坏资料为基础，举例说明了贝叶斯模型的实际应用，内容涉及到概率平均分布函数，贝叶斯估计贝叶斯更新概率等重要概念，还讨论了1次地震事件及连发地震事件的影响所基于贝叶斯模型建立的永恒震害矩阵适用于成丛型地震的震害预测。 相似文献
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基于BP神经网络模型的多层砖房震害预测方法 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：8
针对传统的基于地震烈度的建筑物震害预测方法的不足,本文以地震动峰值加速度作为建筑物震害预测的地震动指标,结合几次大地震中多层砖房的震害实例,提出了一种基于BP神经网络模型的建筑物震害预测方法,模型的输入为反映结构抗震性能的各类物理参数,输出为给定地震动峰值加速度下建筑物破坏状态的概率。研究表明:基于BP网络模型的多层砖房的震害预测结果与震害实例的实际情况比较吻合,本文的思路和方法可推广于其他不同类型的建筑结构的震害预测。 相似文献
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基于模糊概率的多层砖房震害预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
将模糊数学中的模糊概率理论运用于震害预测中,并建立了多层砖房的震害预测模型。研究表明,该预测模型概念清晰、计算简单,具有较好的合理性与实用性,是一种较为精细的预测方法。 相似文献
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Brendon A. Bradley 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(15):2235-2253
This paper compares the seismic demands obtained from an intensity‐based assessment, as conventionally considered in seismic design guidelines, with the seismic demand hazard. Intensity‐based assessments utilize the distribution of seismic demand from ground motions that have a specific value of some conditioning intensity measure, and the mean of this distribution is conventionally used in design verification. The seismic demand hazard provides the rate of exceedance of various seismic demand values and is obtained by integrating the distribution of seismic demand at multiple intensity levels with the seismic hazard curve. The seismic demand hazard is a more robust metric for quantifying seismic performance, because seismic demands from an intensity‐based assessment: (i) are not unique, with different values obtained using different conditioning intensity measures; and (ii) do not consider the possibility that demand values could be exceeded from different intensity ground motions. Empirical results, for a bridge‐foundation‐soil system, illustrate that the mean seismic demand from an intensity‐based assessment almost always underestimates the demand hazard value for the exceedance rate considered, on average by 17% and with a large variability. Furthermore, modification factors based on approximate theory are found to be unreliable. Adopting the maximum of the mean values from multiple intensity‐based assessments, with different conditional intensity measures, provides a less biased prediction of the seismic demand hazard value, but with still a large variability, and a proportional increase the required number of analyses. For an equivalent number of analyses, direct computation of the seismic demand hazard is a more logical choice and provides additional performance insight. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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Brendon A. Bradley 《地震工程与结构动力学》2013,42(14):2167-2185
This paper examines the calculation of the seismic demand hazard in a practice‐oriented manner via the use of seismic response analyses at few intensity levels. The seismic demand hazard is a more robust measure for quantifying seismic performance, when seismic hazard is represented in a probabilistic format, than intensity‐based assessments, which remain prevalent in seismic design codes. It is illustrated that, for a relatively complex bridge–foundation–soil system case study, the seismic demand hazard can be estimated with sufficient accuracy using as little as three intensity measure levels that have exceedance probabilities of 50%, 10% and 2% in 50 years which are already of interest in multi‐objective performance‐based design. Compared with the conventional use of the mean demand from an intensity‐based assessment(s), it is illustrated that, for the same number of seismic response analyses, a practice‐oriented ‘approximate’ seismic demand hazard is a more accurate and precise estimate of the ‘exact’ seismic demand hazard. Direct estimation of the seismic demand hazard also provides information of seismic performance at multiple exceedance rates. Thus, it is advocated that if seismic hazard is considered in a probabilistic format, then seismic performance assessment, and acceptance criteria, should be in terms of the seismic demand hazard and not intensity‐based assessments. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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The seismic hazard of research area is evaluated by probabilistic analysis method for three different seismic statistical zone scenarios.The influence of uncertainty in seismic statistical zone delimiting on the evaluation result is discussed too.It can be seen that for those local sites along zone‘s border or within areas with vast change of upper bound magnitude among different scenarios the influence on seismic hazard result should not be neglected. 相似文献
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Two kinds of methods for determining seismic parameters are presented,that is,the potential seismic source zoning method and grid-spatially smoothing method. The Gaussian smoothing method and the modified Gaussian smoothing method are described in detail, and a comprehensive analysis of the advantages and disadvantages of these methods is made. Then,we take central China as the study region,and use the Gaussian smoothing method and potential seismic source zoning method to build seismic models to calculate the mean annual seismic rate. Seismic hazard is calculated using the probabilistic seismic hazard analysis method to construct the ground motion acceleration zoning maps. The differences between the maps and these models are discussed and the causes are investigated. The results show that the spatial smoothing method is suitable for estimating the seismic hazard over the moderate and low seismicity regions or the hazard caused by background seismicity; while the potential seismic source zoning method is suitable for estimating the seismic hazard in well-defined seismotectonics. Combining the spatial smoothing method and the potential seismic source zoning method with an integrated account of the seismicity and known seismotectonics is a feasible approach to estimate the seismic hazard in moderate and low seismicity regions. 相似文献
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This paper presents the results of a study undertaken todetermine the seismic hazard of Lebanon. The seismic hazard evaluation wasconducted using probabilistic methods of hazard analysis. Potential sourcesof seismic activities that affect Lebanon were identified and the earthquakerecurrence relationships of these sources were developed from instrumentalseismology data, historical records, and earlier studies undertaken toevaluate the seismic hazard of neighboring countries. The sensitivityof the results to different assumptions regarding the seismic sources in theLebanese segment and choice of the attenuation relationship wasevaluated. Maps of peak ground acceleration contours, based on 10percent of probability of exceedance in 50 years and 100 years time spans,were developed. 相似文献
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Meng-Tan Gao 《地震学报(英文版)》1993,6(3):713-719
The models currently used in the seismic evaluation of important projects, microzoning and seismic zonation are all for site.
Although seismic hazard analysis have been done for many sites in seismic zonation and microzoning, relationship among sites
is not considered in the final results. Studies show that it is impossible to get total hazard for specific area from the
results of the hazard analysis of sites. So, when we consider the total seismic hazard of a specific spatial distributed system,
methods for site are not enough. Author discussed the relation and the difference between system hazard and segments hazard
which form the system and proposed a seismic hazard analysis model taking spatial linear distributed series and parallel system
as an example. In aseismic design and earthquake disaster prevention decision, not only the seismic hazard of segments of
the system but also the total seismic hazard of the system should be considered.
The Chinese version of this paper appeared in the Chinese edition ofActa Seismologica Sinica,15, 347–352, 1993. 相似文献
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Potential sources are simplified as point sources or linear sources in current probabilistic seismic hazard analysis (PSHA) methods. Focus size of large earthquakes is considerable, and fault rupture attitudes may have great influ-ence upon the seismic hazard of a site which is near the source. Under this circumstance, it is unreasonable to use the simplified potential source models in the PSHA, so a potential rupture surface model is proposed in this paper. Adopting this model, we analyze the seismic hazard near the Chelungpu fault that generated the Chi-Chi (Jiji) earthquake with magnitude 7.6 and the following conclusions are reached. 1 This model is reasonable on the base of focal mechanism, especially for sites near potential earthquakes with large magnitude; 2 The attitudes of poten-tial rupture surfaces have great influence on the results of probabilistic seismic hazard analysis and seismic zoning. 相似文献
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河北北部场地特征及震害预测 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对河北北部地区的场地特征与震害关系的研究,结合该区地震活动程度的预测意见,对河北北部地区今后可能出现的震害类型进行了初步估计,同时为减轻该区地震灾害提出了相应的对策。 相似文献