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1.
Nonparametric estimation of wave dispersion in high‐rise buildings by seismic interferometry 
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下载免费PDF全文 Interferometric identification and health monitoring of high‐rise buildings has been gaining increasing interest in recent years. The wave dispersion in the structure has been largely ignored in these efforts but needs to be considered to further develop these methods. In this paper, (i) the goodness of estimation of vertical wave velocity in buildings, as function of frequency, by two nonparametric interferometric techniques is examined, using realistic fixed‐base Timoshenko beam benchmark models. Such models are convenient because the variation of phase and group velocities with frequency can be derived theoretically. The models are those of the NS and EW responses of Millikan Library. One of the techniques, deconvolution interferometry, estimates the phase velocity on a frequency band from phase difference between motions at two locations in the structure, while the other one estimates it approximately at the resonant frequencies based on standing wave patterns. The paper also (ii) examines the modeling error in wave velocity profiles identified by fitting layered shear beam in broader band impulse response functions of buildings with significant bending flexibility. This error may affect inferences on the spatial distribution of damage from detected changes in such velocity profiles. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
2.
The accurate analysis of the seismic response of isolated structures requires incorporation of the flexibility of supporting soil.However,it is often customary to idealize the soil as rigid during the analysis of such structures.In this paper,seismic response time history analyses of base-isolated buildings modelled as linear single degree-of-freedom(SDOF) and multi degree-of-freedom(MDOF) systems with linear and nonlinear base models considering and ignoring the flexibility of supporting soil are conducted.The flexibility of supporting soil is modelled through a lumped parameter model consisting of swaying and rocking spring-dashpots.In the analysis,a large number of parametric studies for different earthquake excitations with three different peak ground acceleration(PGA) levels,different natural periods of the building models,and different shear wave velocities in the soil are considered.For the isolation system,laminated rubber bearings(LRBs) as well as high damping rubber bearings(HDRBs) are used.Responses of the isolated buildings with and without SSI are compared under different ground motions leading to the following conclusions:(1) soil flexibility may considerably influence the stiff superstructure response and may only slightly influence the response of the flexible structures;(2) the use of HDRBs for the isolation system induces higher structural peak responses with SSI compared to the system with LRBs;(3) although the peak response is affected by the incorporation of soil flexibility,it appears insensitive to the variation of shear wave velocity in the soil;(4) the response amplifications of the SDOF system become closer to unit with the increase in the natural period of the building,indicating an inverse relationship between SSI effects and natural periods for all the considered ground motions,base isolations and shear wave velocities;(5) the incorporation of SSI increases the number of significant cycles of large amplitude accelerations for all the stories,especially for earthquakes with low and moderate PGA levels;and(6) buildings with a linear LRB base-isolation system exhibit larger differences in displacement and acceleration amplifications,especially at the level of the lower stories. 相似文献
3.
A 54‐story steel, perimeter‐frame building in downtown Los Angeles, California, is identified by a wave method using records of the Northridge earthquake of 1994 (ML = 6.4, R = 32 km). The building is represented as a layered shear beam and a torsional shaft, characterized by the corresponding velocities of vertically propagating waves through the structure. The previously introduced waveform inversion algorithm is applied, which fits in the least squares sense pulses in low‐pass filtered impulse response functions computed at different stories. This paper demonstrates that layered shear beam and torsional shaft models are valid for this building, within bands that include the first five modes of vibration for each of the North–South (NS), East–West (EW), and torsional responses (0–1.7 Hz for NS and EW, and 0–3.5 Hz for the torsional response). The observed pulse travel time from ground floor to penthouse level is τ ≈1.5 s for NS and EW and τ ≈ 0.9 s for the torsional responses. The identified equivalent uniform shear beam wave velocities are βeq ≈ 140 m/s for NS and EW responses, and 260 m/s for torsion, and the apparent Q ≈ 25 for the NS and torsional, and ≈14 for the EW response. Across the layers, the wave velocity varied 90–170 m/s for the NS, 80–180 m/s for the EW, and 170–350 m/s for the torsional responses. The identification method is intended for use in structural health monitoring. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
4.
本文从数值上研究了裸眼井中弹性波传播的非对称模式,给出了合成微地震图和导波（弯曲波）的频散曲线,发现在“硬”地层和“软”地层的井中,导波都是高度频散的,其最大相速度等于地层的横波速度,其截止频率低于对称模式的伪瑞利波的截止频率;在低频（2-3kHz）和长源距（3-4m）的条件下,由非对称的声源（如声偶极子）所产生的微地震图中,初至信号是以横波速度传播的,而以纵波速度传播的信号被抑制。本文的结果对研制横波速度测井仪是有意义的。 相似文献
5.
We present dispersion curves, and amplitude-depth distributions of the fundamental and first higher mode of Love seam waves for two characteristic seam models. The first model consists of four layers, representing a coal seam underlain by a root clay of variable thickness. The second model consists of five layers, representing coal seams containing a dirt band with variable position and thickness. The simple three-layer model is used for reference. It is shown that at higher frequencies, depending on the thickness of the root clay and the dirt band, the coal layers alone act as a wave guide, whereas at low frequencies all layers act together as a channel. Depending on the thickness, and position of the dirt band and the root clay, in the dispersion curves of the group velocity, secondary minima grow in addition to the absolute minima. Furthermore, the dispersion curves of the group velocity of the two modes can overlap. In all these cases, wave groups in addition to the Airy phase of the fundamental mode (propagating with minimum group velocity) occur on the seismograms recorded in in-seam seismic surveys, thus impeding their interpretation. Hence, we suggest the estimation of the dispersion characteristics of Love seam waves in coal seams under investigation preceding actual field surveys. All numerical calculations were performed using a fast and stable phase recursion algorithm. 相似文献
6.
为了研究孔隙流体对不同渗透率岩石地震波速度的影响,在实验室利用跨频带岩石弹性参数测试系统得到了应变幅值10-6的2~2000Hz频段下的地震波速度和1 MHz频率下的超声波速度,利用差分共振声谱法得到了频率600Hz岩石干燥和完全饱水情况下岩石声学参数.实验表明,在低饱和度下,致密砂岩在地震和超声频段下没有明显的频散;在高饱和度下纵波速度的频散变得明显.从干燥到完全水饱和条件,不同频率测量的致密砂岩的体积模量随岩石孔隙度增高而降低,且体积模量的变化量受岩石微观孔隙结构的影响较大.高孔、高渗砂岩无论在低含水度下还是在高含水饱和度下频散微弱,并且在地震频段下围压对于岩石纵横波速度的影响要大于频率的影响.高孔、高渗砂岩和致密砂岩不同含水饱和度下的频散差异可应用于储层预测,油气检测等方面,同时该研究可以更好地帮助理解岩石的黏弹性行为,促进岩石物理频散理论的发展,提高地震解释的精度. 相似文献
7.
Frequency‐dependent multi‐offset phase analysis of surface waves: an example of high‐resolution characterization of a riparian aquifer 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Giulio Vignoli Isabella Gervasio Giuseppe Brancatelli Jacopo Boaga Bruno Della Vedova Giorgio Cassiani 《Geophysical Prospecting》2016,64(1):102-111
Multi‐offset phase analysis of seismic surface waves is an established technique for the extraction of dispersion curves with high spatial resolution and, consequently, for the investigation of the subsurface in terms of shear wave velocity distribution. However, field applications are rarely documented in the published literature. In this paper, we discuss an implementation of the multi‐offset phase analysis consisting of the estimation of the Rayleigh wave velocity by means of a moving window with a frequency‐dependent length. This allows maximizing the lateral resolution at high frequencies while warranting stability at the lower frequencies. In this way, we can retrieve the shallow lateral variability with high accuracy and, at the same time, obtain a robust surface‐wave velocity measurement at depth. In this paper, we apply this methodology to a dataset collected for hydrogeophysical purposes and compare the inversion results with those obtained by using refraction seismics and electrical resistivity tomography. The surface‐wave results are in good agreement with those provided by the other methods and demonstrate a superior capability in retrieving both lateral and vertical velocity variations, including inversions. Our results are further corroborated by the lithological information from a borehole drilled on the acquisition line. The availability of multi‐offset phase analysis data also allows disentangling a fairly complex interpretation of the other geophysical results. 相似文献
8.
利用青藏高原东北缘地区固定和流动地震台网2007年8月到2012年1月期间记录的远震波形,运用小波变换频时分析方法分别测定了1216和653条周期从15到140 s的台站间基阶Rayleigh相速度和群速度频散曲线.通过对上述频散进行反演,重构了青藏高原东北缘分辨率高达0.5°×0.5°的2-D相速度和群速度分布图.然后通过对所提取到的每个格网点Rayleigh波相速度和群速度频散进行联合反演,得到了研究区下方一维S波速度结构.最后通过线性插值,得到了青藏高原东北缘下方地壳上地幔三维S波结构.结果表明,印度板块向北俯冲已经达到班公-怒江缝合带附近;在柴达木盆地北部祁连山下面我们发现了亚洲板块,且其没有表现出明显的向南俯冲的迹象;在两大板块中间,我们观测到延伸到250 km深度的低速异常,该低速异常可能是地幔物质底辟上涌现象造成的. 相似文献
9.
The objective of this study is to estimate the shear wave velocity of earth dam materials using the vibration generated from artificial blasting events, and to verify its applicability. In this study, near-field artificial blast testing and monitoring were carried out at the Seongdeok dam, Korea, as the first blasting tests to be carried out on an existing dam in Korea. Vibrations were induced by four different types of blasting, using various explosive charge weights and depths of blasting bore-holes. During the tests, acceleration time histories were measured at the rock outcrop adjacent to the point of the explosion, and at the crest of the dam. The fundamental frequency of the target dam was computed from the frequency analysis of measured acceleration histories. Numerical analyses were carried out, varying the shear modulus of the earth fill zone and using the acceleration histories measured at the rock outcrop as input ground motions. From a comparison between the fundamental frequencies calculated by numerical analyses and those of measured records, the shear wave velocities with depth, which are closely related to shear moduli, could be estimated. It is found that the effect of different blasting types on shear wave velocity estimation for the target dam materials is negligible, and that shear wave velocity can be consistently evaluated. Furthermore, by comparing the evaluated shear wave velocity with empirical formulae from previous research, the applicability of the method was verified. Therefore, in cases of mid-to-small earth dams, where the earthquake record is not available, the shear wave velocity of earth fill materials can be reasonably evaluated using blasting vibration records obtained at the site adjacent to the dam. 相似文献
10.
土-桩-钢结构相互作用体系的振动台模型试验 总被引：1，自引：2，他引：1
本项试验是研究土-结构相互作用对结构TLD减震控制影响的系列振动台模型试验的组成部分,主要目的是提供相应的对比试验数据。在这组试验中,突出的问题是TLD、上部被控结构和土层三个子系统模型基频间的协调。为了尽可能降低土层模型基频,文中采用了一种具有低剪切波速特性的土层模拟介质。最后,通过土-桩-钢结构系统的振动台模型试验,研究了土-结构相互作用对钢结构动力特性和地震反应的影响。 相似文献
11.
High-frequency surface-wave analysis methods have been effectively and widely used to determine near-surface shear (S) wave velocity. To image the dispersion energy and identify different dispersive modes of surface waves accurately is one of key steps of using surface-wave methods. We analyzed the dispersion energy characteristics of Rayleigh and Love waves in near-surface layered models based on numerical simulations. It has been found that if there is a low-velocity layer (LVL) in the half-space, the dispersion energy of Rayleigh or Love waves is discontinuous and ‘‘jumping’’ appears from the fundamental mode to higher modes on dispersive images. We introduce the guided waves generated in an LVL (LVL-guided waves, a trapped wave mode) to clarify the complexity of the dispersion energy. We confirm the LVL-guided waves by analyzing the snapshots of SH and P–SV wavefield and comparing the dispersive energy with theoretical values of phase velocities. Results demonstrate that LVL-guided waves possess energy on dispersive images, which can interfere with the normal dispersion energy of Rayleigh or Love waves. Each mode of LVL-guided waves having lack of energy at the free surface in some high frequency range causes the discontinuity of dispersive energy on dispersive images, which is because shorter wavelengths (generally with lower phase velocities and higher frequencies) of LVL-guided waves cannot penetrate to the free surface. If the S wave velocity of the LVL is higher than that of the surface layer, the energy of LVL-guided waves only contaminates higher mode energy of surface waves and there is no interlacement with the fundamental mode of surface waves, while if the S wave velocity of the LVL is lower than that of the surface layer, the energy of LVL-guided waves may interlace with the fundamental mode of surface waves. Both of the interlacements with the fundamental mode or higher mode energy may cause misidentification for the dispersion curves of surface waves. 相似文献
12.
M. I. Todorovska S. S. Ivanovi M. D. Trifunac 《Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering》2001,21(3):705
For transient, high frequency, and pulse like excitation of structures in the near field of strong earthquakes, the classical design approach based on relative response spectrum and mode superposition may not be conservative. For such excitations, it is more natural to use wave propagation methods. In this paper (Part I), we review several two-dimensional wave propagation models of buildings and show results for theoretical dispersion curves computed for these models. We also estimate the parameters of these models that would correspond to a seven-story reinforced concrete building in Van Nuys, California. Ambient vibration tests data for this building imply vertical shear wave velocity βz=112 m/s and anisotropy factor βx/βz=0.55 for NS vibrations, and βz=88 m/s and βx/βz=1 for EW vibrations. The velocity of shear waves propagating through the slabs is estimated to be about 2000 m/s. In the companion paper (Part II), we estimate phase velocities of vertically and horizontally propagating waves between seven pairs of recording points in the building using recorded response to four earthquakes. 相似文献
13.
The dynamic identification of a historical masonry palace located in Benevento (Italy) has been carried out. The case study is representative of many buildings located in historic Italian centres. Since the building has been instrumented by the Department of Civil Protection with a permanent dynamic monitoring system, some of the recorded data, acquired in various operating conditions have been analysed with basic instruments of the Operational Modal Analysis in order to identify the main eingenfrequencies and vibration modes of the structure. The experimental results have been compared to the numerical outcomes provided by a detailed three-dimensional Finite Element (FE) model of the building where Soil–Structure Interaction (SSI) has been taken into account. The comparison of experimental vs. numerical frequencies and vibration modes of the palace evidenced the role exerted by the subsoil on the dynamic response of the building. 相似文献
14.
The simplified macro‐equations of porous elastic media are presented based on Hickey's theory upon ignoring effects of thermomechanical coupling and fluctuations of porosity and density induced by passing waves. The macro‐equations with definite physical parameters predict two types of compressional waves (P wave) and two types of shear waves (S wave). The first types of P and S waves, similar to the fast P wave and S wave in Biot's theory, propagate with fast velocity and have relatively weak dispersion and attenuation, while the second types of waves behave as diffusive modes due to their distinct dispersion and strong attenuation. The second S wave resulting from the bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid is slower than the second P wave but with strong attenuation at lower frequencies. Based on the simplified porous elastic equations, the effects of petrophysical parameters (permeability, porosity, coupling density and fluid viscosity) on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of P and S waves are studied in brine‐saturated sandstone compared with the results of Biot's theory. The results show that the dispersion and attenuation of P waves in simplified theory are stronger than those of Biot's theory and appear at slightly lower frequencies because of the existence of bulk and shear viscous loss within pore fluid. The properties of the first S wave are almost consistent with the S wave in Biot's theory, while the second S wave not included in Biot's theory even dies off around its source due to its extremely strong attenuation. The permeability and porosity have an obvious impact on the velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. Higher permeabilities make the peaks of attenuation shift towards lower frequencies. Higher porosities correspond to higher dispersion and attenuation. Moreover, the inertial coupling between fluid and solid induces weak velocity dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves at higher frequencies, whereas the fluid viscosity dominates the dispersion and attenuation in a macroscopic porous medium. Besides, the heavy oil sand is used to investigate the influence of high viscous fluid on the dispersion and attenuation of both P and S waves. The dispersion and attenuation in heavy oil sand are stronger than those in brine‐saturated sandstone due to the considerable shear viscosity of heavy oil. Seismic properties are strongly influenced by the fluid viscosity; thus, viscosity should be included in fluid properties to explain solid–fluid combination behaviour properly. 相似文献
15.
The objective of this paper is to develop an online system parameter estimation technique from the response measurements through using the recursive covariance‐driven stochastic subspace identification (SSI‐COV) approach. In developing the recursive SSI‐COV, to avoid time‐consumption of singular value decomposition in recursive SSI, the extended instrumental variable version of the projection approximation subspace tracking method is used in SSI‐COV. Besides, to reduce the effect of noise on the results of identification, the preprocessing of data using recursive singular spectrum analysis technique is also presented to remove the noise contaminant measurements to enhance the stability of data analysis. On the basis of the proposed method, both the ambient vibration and seismic response data of a tower (Canton Tower) are used to observe the time‐varying system natural frequencies of a tower from its operating condition. Results from using off‐line SSI‐COV method under normal operating condition are also presented. Comparison on the identified time‐varying dynamic characteristics of the tower under normal operating condition and earthquake response of distanced earthquake event is discussed. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
16.
应用三维非均匀交错网格有限差分程序模拟了多极子随钻声波测井的波场,考察了硬地层中单极子随钻声波测井响应及软地层中声源频率对多极子随钻声波测井的影响;计算了接收阵列波形的时域相干谱及频散特征,结果表明随钻测井仪器居中时,在硬地层中可以直接利用单极子声系得到地层横波速度,但地层纵波受到钻铤波的极大干扰.而在软地层中可以利用单极子声系直接测得地层纵波速度,但地层横波速度则需要使用工作在较低频率下的四极子随钻声波仪来测得,此时测井频段又会落入钻井噪声频带而受到影响.为此本文提出数值模拟手段结合物理实验的方法得到钻铤波的影响,在实际测井中通过信号处理方法而不是用在仪器本体上刻槽的方式来更完全地消除钻铤的影响.为了避免钻井噪声的影响,本文提出六极子随钻声波仪更适合软地层的横波测量.本文用数值实验结果来说明这些方法的可行性. 相似文献
17.
The evaluation of the fundamental period of shear wall buildings considering the flexibility of the base is investigated in this paper. This research is motivated by the discrepancy reported between the formulas used in different building codes and the measurement of real buildings. Both experimental and analytical approaches are used to assess the effect of the base flexibility on the fundamental period of shear wall structures. In total, twenty buildings built on different types of soil are tested under ambient vibration. The fundamental period is identified using a non‐parametric linear model in the frequency domain. The results show that fundamental period formulas used by UBC‐97 and NBCC‐95 are inadequate since they do not include the effect of the foundation stiffness. To improve the estimation of the fundamental period of shear wall buildings, an analytical approach is presented. The structure and the foundation are represented by a continuous‐discrete system. The stiffnesses of the base are represented by translational and rotational discrete springs. The rigidities of these springs are evaluated from the elastic uniform compression of the soil mass and the size of the foundation. The analytical predictions improve the estimation of the fundamental period and keep the computation simple. The error between the measured period and the analytical results is, on average, less than 10%. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
18.
Mantle structure from inter-station Rayleigh wave dispersion and its tectonic implication in western China and neighboring regions 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
We processed more than 3000 inter-station great circle paths to determine the phase velocity for the fundamental mode of Rayleigh wave, and finally arrived at 110 paths of high quality dispersion data, which show good spatial coverage in western China and neighboring regions. Rayleigh wave phase velocity dispersion model WChina1D was obtained and compared with previous global and regional models. Phase velocity maps from 15 to 120 s were inverted and the maps of 20, 40, 80, and 120 s are presented in this paper. Checkerboard tests show the average lateral resolution in our area of interest is about 7°. Our tomographic results corroborate a prominent low-velocity anomaly lying mainly in the lower crust and uppermost mantle in the Chang Thang terrane. The apparent low-velocity anomaly also appears in the wide area of northeastern Tibet in the crust and upper mantle. The low-velocity area around southeastern Tibet may be created by the southeastern migration of the low-velocity mass of the Tibetan plateau. The eastern Tarim shows structure with higher velocities relative to that of central Tarim. A large-scale low-velocity anomaly is clearly seen in central and western Mongolia. Our high quality measurements were also used to evaluate the CUB global shear velocity model [Shapiro, N., Ritzwoller, M., 2002. Monte-Carlo inversion for a global shear-velocity model of the crust and upper mantle. Geophys. J. Int. 151, 88-105] of the crust and upper mantle. The 40 s Rayleigh phase velocity map predicted from CUB model shows an apparent discrepancy with our measurements in western China and western Mongolia, which implies a higher estimated (about +1-2%) phase velocity model in these regions, probably due to the Gaussian smoothing condition in their tomography inversion. 相似文献
19.
Average elastic properties of a fluid‐saturated fractured rock are discussed in association with the extremely slow and dispersive Krauklis wave propagation within individual fractures. The presence of the Krauklis wave increases P‐wave velocity dispersion and attenuation with decreasing frequency. Different laws (exponential, power, fractal, and gamma laws) of distribution of the fracture length within the rock show more velocity dispersion and attenuation of the P‐wave for greater fracture density, particularly at low seismic frequencies. The results exhibit a remarkable difference in the P‐wave reflection coefficient for frequency and angular dependency from the fractured layer in comparison with the homogeneous layer. The biggest variation in behaviour of the reflection coefficient versus incident angle is observed at low seismic frequencies. The proposed approach and results of calculations allow an interpretation of abnormal velocity dispersion, high attenuation, and special behaviour of reflection coefficients versus frequency and angle of incidence as the indicators of fractures. 相似文献
20.
郯庐断裂带是贯穿我国东部北北东走向的一条深大断裂,其中南段及其邻区(115°E-121°E,29.5°N-35°N)穿过了大别造山带、苏鲁造山带、长江中下游成矿带及合肥盆地.为了研究该区域地壳速度结构及变形特征,我们使用安徽省和江苏省及其周边地区105个台站(固定台站98个,流动台站7个)的垂向连续波形数据,时间范围从2014年5月到2015年7月,共计14个月.利用背景噪声互相关方法,从垂直分量互相关函数中最终提取了2590条瑞利面波相速度频散曲线,反演得到周期范围为5~30s的瑞利波方位各向异性相速度分布图,再反演每个网格点瑞利面波相速度频散得到一维层状横波速度模型,然后拼合起来组成三维横波速度模型.根据本文反演结果并综合已有资料,我们得出如下结论:(1)在北大别、蚌埠隆起、长江中下游成矿带、合肥盆地北部大桥凹陷区域存在中地壳横波高速体,可能与岩石圈和下地壳拆沉以及中生代中国东部大范围岩浆活动有直接关系,更深层原因可能与古太平洋俯冲相关;(2)苏鲁造山带南缘,垂直于嘉山响水断裂,从南向北中上地壳低速体深度变浅,这个低速体可能是高压/超高压变质岩与扬子板块接触处的破碎带,是扬子板块与华北板块接触的边界;(3)郯庐断裂合肥-嘉山段两侧以及大别造山带东缘短周期瑞利面波相速度快轴方向与郯庐断裂带走向基本一致,可能是三叠纪碰撞期与白垩纪时期的大规模左旋走滑活动的结果;(4)合肥盆地南部15~20s周期的瑞利波相速度快轴方向为北西-南东向,反应该区域中下地壳快波方向为北西-南东向,推测是大别造山带折返的痕迹;(5)郯庐断裂带的结构和地震活动性存在明显的分段性,嘉山-郯城段郯庐断裂带现今地震活动性弱,但发生过较强的古地震,推断现今郯庐断裂带宿迁段可能处于闭锁状态,从长远来看要注意该地区发生大震的可能. 相似文献