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1.
Peizhen Zhang Qidong Deng Guomin Zhang Jin Ma Weijun Gan Wei Min Fengying Mao Qi Wang 《中国科学D辑(英文版)》2003,46(2):13-24
The primary pattern of the late Cenozoic to the present tectonic deformation of China is characterized by relative movements and interactions of tectonic blocks. Active tectonic blocks are geological units that have been separated from each other by active tectonic zones. Boundaries between blocks are the highest gradient of differential movement. Most of tectonic activity occurs on boundaries of the blocks. Earthquakes are results of abrupt releases of accumulated strain energy that reaches the threshold of strength of the earth’s crust. Boundaries of tectonic blocks are the locations of most discontinuous deformation and highest gradient of stress accumulation, thus are the most likely places for strain energy accumulation and releases, and in turn, devastating earthquakes. Almost all earthquakes of magnitude greater than 8 and 80%–90% of earthquakes of magnitude over 7 occur along boundaries of active tectonic blocks. This fact indicates that differential movements and interactions of active tectonic blocks are the primary mechanism for the occurrences of devastating earthquakes. 相似文献
2.
强震中期阶段区域性形变异常的共性特征及其机制以青藏块体东北部为例 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
强震前中期阶段(1～3年或稍长)区域性形变异常往往表现出3个方面的共性特征: ① 区域垂直运动变形呈现与构造有关的异常隆起区、 垂直差异变形高梯度带(有的还呈“四象限”)分布特征; ② 水平运动变形呈现与活动地块及断裂构造有关的、 以剪切变形为主的高应变集中区(带)特征; ③ 区域性垂直形变异常区与水平形变的高应变分布区共生的特征。 分析这些异常共性特征的形成机制, 初步认为: 它们是在基本统一的大区域构造应力场控制下, 不同层次块体系统运动及其边界带变形的非平稳、 非协调性, 在活动地块边界地带和地块内部次级断裂构造部位产生变形差异而导致应力-应变积累、 孕育强震到一定阶段的结果。 在此基础上, 分析探讨了基于区域性形变异常共性特征、 结合地质构造活动背景进行强震中期预测的意义。 相似文献
3.
本文在前人对中国大陆及周边活动地块研究和划分的基础上，系统研究了6个Ⅰ级活动地块区和22个Ⅱ级活动地块之间共26个活动边界带的构造变形与强震活动，包括强震分布与活动边界带的关系，边界带构造活动速率与地震活动水平及强震复发期等的关系. 给出了边界带强震活动水平与构造活动速率之间的线性关系和强震复发期长短与构造活动速率的反向变化关系. 从而进一步揭示了中国大陆活动地块构造及其块体运动特征，以及块体边界带的构造变形对强震的控制作用. 相似文献
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Characteristics of Recent Horizontal Crustal Movement and Tectonic Deformation in the Northwest China Region 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
INTRODUCTIONThe vector diagramof the crustal horizontal movement of the north margin of Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet) block obtained from GPS measurements of 2001 ~2003 shows that the western part of theregion presents a southwestward movement oppositetothetrend beforethe Nov.14 ,2001 west KunlunMountains PassMS8 .1 earthquake ,which mayreflectthe post-earthquake relaxationand adjustment ofthe region (Zhang Xi ,2004) .It was the variation of regional dynamics that led to instability of thepo… 相似文献
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在中国大陆及周边活动地块与活动地块边界带研究和划分的基础上,研究了中国陆区6个Ⅰ级活动地块区和22个Ⅱ级活动地块之间的共计24个活动边界带上的强震活动特征。从各边界带上强震活动的频次和单位时间、单位长度的地震应变能释放出发,讨论了各活动地块边界带的强震总体活动水平;并从震级频度关系出发,计算了各带的理论最大震级与复发周期。通过与实际地震记录对比发现,由中国大陆各主要活动地块边界带的地震活动参数(a/b)所推算的强震活动强度与实际地震活动强度总体上具有较好的一致性,强震复发期与构造活动速率则呈明显的反向变化关系,这也表明本研究给出的各边界带的a,b值具有一定的参考意义。文中还利用历史强震资料以及各带强震活动的离逝时间,基于泊松分布,探讨了各活动边界带的现今地震活动水平及其危险程度 相似文献
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将川滇菱形地块分为两个地块, 分别以形变确定应变速率、 深部速度构造确定弹性模量、 联合地块体积确定地块应变能积累与时间的关系, 结合历史强震研究应变能积累释放周期以及该周期内的强震活动, 进而研究应变能积累释放与强震活动的关系. 结果表明, 地块应变能积累释放存在周期性并可预测强震震级. 在应变能积累前期, 没有强震(M≥7.0)发生; 随着时间增加, 应变能继续增加, 地块上先后发生几次强震, 但每次强震震级均小于预测震级, 即一次强震只释放了一部分能量; 而后应变能积累继续增加, 直到一、 二次特大强震(M≥7.5)发生, 将绝大部分应变能释放. 至此, 老的周期结束, 新的周期开始. 应变能积累从小到大直到最后完全释放的周期性导致了地震的平静活跃周期, 地震活跃期比平静期长得多. 本文认为, 大区域地理范围因其含有多个地块, 不宜讨论其地震平静活跃周期, 而对于小范围单次强震也不宜讨论其复发周期. 虽然活跃期中的强震从时间上看并无任何规律, 但利用活动地块应变能的积累释放曲线所预测的震级与实际震级很接近. 本文结果对于地震安全性评价工作可能有重要意义. 相似文献
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在中国大陆活动地块假说及活动边界研究的基础上，将中国大陆按照地震活动特征进行分区. 利用大地震的震源机制资料和历史强震资料，结合小震综合节面解，研究了各地震区的应力应变状态，给出了各地震区的平均应力主轴方向和平均应变率. 应用地震应变能积累释放模型研究了各地震区的地震活动水平. 结果表明最大剪切应变率与地震活动水平存在线性关系. 将地震资料给出的中国大陆地壳应力应变场与GPS测量给出的结果进行了比较，初步说明了两种结果存在着统一性，从而显示出活动地块运动变形与强震活动的内在联系. 相似文献
8.
PROGRESS IN APPLICATION OF GNSS TO DIVISION OF ACTIVE TECTONIC BLOCKS IN CONTINENTAL CHINA 
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下载免费PDF全文 Chinese scientists proposed that large earthquakes that occurred in mainland China are controlled by the movement and deformation of active tectonic blocks. This scientific hypothesis explains zoned phenomenon of seismicity in space. The active tectonic blocks are intense active terranes formed in late Cenozoic and late Quaternary, and the tectonic activity of block boundaries is the intensest. Global Navigation Satellite System(GNSS)has advantages of high spatio-temporal resolution, broad coverage, and high accuracy, and is utilized to monitor contemporary crustal deformation. High accuracy and resolution of GNSS velocity field within mainland China and vicinities provided by previous studies clearly demonstrate that different active tectonic blocks behave as different patterns of movement and deformation, and block interaction boundaries have intense tectonic deformation. The paper firstly introduces the GPS networks operated by the Crustal Movement Observation Network of China(CMONOC)since 1999, and GNSS data processing methods, including GAMIT, BERNESE and GIPSY/OASIS, and discusses the advantages of using South China block as a regional reference frame for GNSS velocity field, then proposes three strategies of block division, F-test, quasi-accurate detection(QUAD), and clustering analysis. Furthermore, we introduce rigid and non-rigid block motions. Rigid block motion can be denoted by translation and rotation, while non-rigid block motion can be described by rigid motion and internal strain deformation. Internal strain deformation can be divided into uniform and linear strains. We also review the usage of F-test to distinguish whether the block acts as rigid deformation or not. In addition, combining with recent GNSS velocity results, we elaborate the characteristics of present movement of rigid block, such as the South China, Tarim, Ordos, Alashan, and Northeast China, and that of non-rigid block, such as the Tibetan plateau, Tian Shan, and North China plain. Especially, the Tibetan plateau and Tian Shan seem to deform continuously with significant internal deformation. In order to enrich and perfect the active tectonic block hypothesis, we should carefully design dense GNSS networks in inner blocks and block boundaries, optimize utilizing other space geodesy technologies such as InSAR, and strengthen combining study of geodesy, seismogeology and geophysics. Through systematic summary, this paper is very useful to employing GNSS to investigate characteristics of block movement and dynamics of large earthquakes happening in block interaction boundaries. 相似文献
9.
Current tectonic deformation and seismogenic characteristics along the northeast margin of Qinghai -Xizang block 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Introduction The northeast margin of Qinghai-Xizang block has become the place with close attentions from geo-specialists at home and abroad for its significant tectonic movement and intensive seismicity. Quite a number of achievements have been obtained from the studies on geological structures and strong earthquake activities (DING, LU, 1989, 1991; GUO, et al, 1992, 2000; GUO, XIANG, 1993; HOU, et al, 1999; Tapponnier, et al, 1990; Gaudemer, et al, 1995). In the Development Program… 相似文献
10.
通过地震学参数研究构造脆性变形的方法 ,着重分析了首都圈地区地震活动的“时、空、强”及其震源机制分布特征与断裂活动的关系 ,展示出该地区断裂活动的定量性规律 ,由此获得了首都圈地区上地壳变形的物理模型。结果表明 :首都圈地区地震活动的“时、空、强”及其震源机制分布特征与断裂活动性质吻合较好 ,NE或NEE向和NWW向 2组断裂构成共轭断裂 ;沿NWW -SEE向的张家口 -渤海湾断裂带两侧形成了燕山块体、晋北块体、太行山块体和冀中块体的基本活动体系 ;在NWW -SEE向串列状的块体边界上形成一定量的NWW向地震活动密集带 ,而在与其共轭的NE或NEE向断裂交汇点附近具有发生中强震级以上地震的构造条件 相似文献
11.
A STUDY REVIEW ON CHARACTERISTICS OF SEISMIC ACTIVITY OF ACTIVE-TECTONIC BLOCK BOUNDARIES IN MAINLAND CHINA 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 More than 80 percent of strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)occur in active-tectonic block boundaries in mainland China, and 95 percent of strong earthquake disasters also occur in these boundaries. In recent years, all strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)happened in active-tectonic block boundaries. For instance, 8 strong earthquakes(M≥7.0)occurred on the eastern, western, southern and northern boundaries of the Bayan Har block since 1997. In order to carry out the earthquake prediction research better, especially for the long-term earthquake prediction, the active-tectonic block boundaries have gradually become the key research objects of seismo-geology, geophysics, geodesy and other disciplines. This paper reviews the research results related to seismic activities in mainland China, as well as the main existing recognitions and problems as follows: 1)Most studies on seismic activities in active-tectonic block boundaries still remain at the statistical analysis level at present. However, the analysis of their working foundations or actual working conditions can help investigate deeply the seismic activities in the active-tectonic block boundaries; 2)Seismic strain release rates are determined by tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries. Analysis of relations between seismic strain release rates and tectonic movement rates in mainland China shows that the tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries of the eastern region are relatively slow, and the seismic strain release rates are with the smaller values too; the tectonic movement rates in active-tectonic block boundaries of the western region reveal higher values, and their seismic strain rates are larger than that of the eastern region. Earthquake recurrence periods of all 26 active-tectonic block boundaries are presented, and the reciprocals of recurrence periods represent high and low frequency of seismic activities. The research results point out that the tectonic movement rates and the reciprocals of recurrence periods for most faults in active-tectonic block boundaries exhibit linear relations. But due to the complexities of fault systems in active tectonic block boundaries, several faults obviously deviate from the linear relationship, and the relations between average earthquake recurrence periods and tectonic movement rates show larger uncertainties. The major reason is attributed to the differences existing in the results of the current earthquake recurrence studies. Furthermore, faults in active-tectonic boundaries exhibit complexities in many aspects, including different movement rates among various segments of the same fault and a certain active-tectonic block boundary contains some parallel faults with the same earthquake magnitude level. Consequently, complexities of these fault systems need to be further explored; 3)seismic activity processes in active-tectonic block boundaries present obvious regional characteristics. Active-tectonic block boundaries of the eastern mainland China except the western edge of Ordos block possess clustering features which indicate that due to the relatively low rate of crustal deformation in these areas, a long-time span is needed for fault stress-strain accumulation to show earthquake cluster activities. In addition, active-tectonic block boundaries in specific areas with low fault stress-strain accumulation rates also show seismic clustering properties, such as the clustering characteristics of strong seismic activities in Longmenshan fault zone, where a series of strong earthquakes have occurred successively, including the 2008 M8.0 Wenchuan, the 2013 M7.0 Lushan and the 2017 M7.0 Jiuzhaigou earthquakes. The north central regions of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, regarded as the second-grade active-tectonic block boundaries, are the concentration areas of large-scale strike-slip faults in mainland China, and most of seismicity sequences show quasi-period features. Besides, most regions around the first-grade active-tectonic block boundary of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau display Poisson seismic processes. On one hand, it is still necessary to investigate the physical mechanisms and dynamics of regional structures, on the other hand, most of the active-tectonic block boundaries can be considered as fault systems. However, seismic activities involved in fault systems have the characteristic of in situ recurrence of strong earthquakes in main fault segments, the possibilities of cascading rupturing for adjacent fault segments, and space-time evolution characteristics of strong earthquakes in fault systems. 4)The dynamic environment of strong earthquakes in mainland China is characterized by “layering vertically and blocking horizontally”. With the progresses in the studies of geophysics, geochemistry, geodesy, seismology and geology, the physical models of different time/space scales have guiding significance for the interpretations of preparation and occurrence of continental strong earthquakes under the active-tectonic block frame. However, since the movement and deformation of the active-tectonic blocks contain not only the rigid motion and the horizontal differences of physical properties of crust-mantle medium are universal, there is still need for improving the understanding of the dynamic processes of continental strong earthquakes. So it is necessary to conduct in-depth studies on the physical mechanism of strong earthquake preparation process under the framework of active-tectonic block theory and establish various foundation models which are similar to seismic source physical models in California of the United States, and then provide technological scientific support for earthquake prevention and disaster mitigation. Through all kinds of studies of the physical mechanisms for space-time evolution of continental strong earthquakes, it can not only promote the transition of the study of seismic activities from statistics to physics, but also persistently push the development of active-tectonic block theory. 相似文献
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华北地区是我国的政治、 经济和文化中心, 也是我国地震多发地区之一。 华北地区历史地震资料记载时间较早且较为连续, 是研究我国强震活动的理想试验场。 选取第三、 第四活动期M≥6.0地震目录作为基础资料研究华北地区强震活动特点。 首先探讨华北地区强震活动与活动地块、 边界带的关系, 然后从时间和空间上分析华北地区强震活动的轮回性阶段及其期幕活动特点, 最后计算未来5年华北地区发生下一次M≥6.0地震的累积概率和条件概率。 研究结果表明: ① 华北地区M≥6.0地震活动主要集中在活动地块的边界带, M≥7.0地震则全部发生在活动地块的边界带上, 同时华北地区地震应变释放速率与边界带的构造活动速率呈线性相关; ② 第四活动期各活跃幕的能量释放均低于第三活动期, 因此华北地区未来仍可能发生M≥6.0地震; ③ 第三、 第四活动期的主体活动区存在显著差异, 且第四活动期的强震活动较第三活动期向东迁移; ④ 在2020年年初发生第四活动期闭幕M≥6.0地震的累积概率为80%左右, 而在2022年年底前发生M≥6.0地震的条件概率为50%。 本研究可为华北地区地震大形势分析和中长期地震危险性预测提供重要参考。 相似文献
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2001~2004大陆水平应变场大致沿玉树、阿尼玛沁、鲜水河、小江等断裂带形成一条由东西走向转为南北走向的应变高值带.2004~2007高值带向局部收缩,并维持前期高值.新疆于田MS7.3、四川汶川MS8.0分别位于该高值带的东段、西段剪应变梯度带上,具备大尺度形变背景.分析认为昆仑山MS8.1对青藏高原内部块体、川滇块体的相对运动产生重大影响,导致震中两侧一系列断裂带附近区域水平差异运动处于较高水平,印尼MS8.7地震则有利于上述区域应变能进一步积累.此外,2001~2004、2004~2007应变分布特征总体从无序趋向有序,体现构造应力场经历调整与再积累过程.现阶段太平洋板块、菲律宾板块俯冲作用可能有所增强. 相似文献
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在重新对 1998年和 2 0 0 0年的中国地壳运动观测网络基准站和基本站的 2期观测资料进行预处理的基础上 ,得到了ITRF97坐标框架下 ,参考时刻分别为 1998年 9月 5日和 2 0 0 0年 6月 8日 ,分布在全国各主要构造块体上的 79个GPS站的坐标和协方差矩阵。分别以中国岩石圈动力学地图集 (马杏垣 ,1989)中的中国大陆主要构造单元 (称之为亚板块 )和张培震等 ( 2 0 0 2 )给出的中国主要活动块体为格架 ,用笔者提出的 1种推广了的QUAD方法对中国大陆的 2 0个主要构造块体逐个进行判别检验。那些现今无明显相对运动的相邻块体则被归并起来 ,从而确定了活动块体和它们的边界。采用刚体运动 +块体均匀应变 +局部变形的模型作为描述中国大陆构造块体的现今活动和变形的模型。求出了有明显相对运动块体的欧拉运动矢量和块体的整体均匀变形参数、各块体内部的不均匀局部变形以及活动边界的活动方式和强度。在此基础上 ,除了一般地指出中国大陆地壳运动西强东弱的特征之外 ,还对西部主要活动块体和边界活动强弱给出了定量比较结果 ,从而为强震危险区的判别提供了形变背景依据 相似文献
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A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affect earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault. 相似文献
16.
A numerical method of viscoelastic finite element coupled with spring-block model is developed to study temporal processes from the slow tectonic motion of large-scale crust to the rapid failure of small-scale faults. Our modeling demonstrates that the motion of crustal blocks is driven by forces from tectonic plate boundaries, and the deformation is distributed on faults for the stress accumulating. The coupling model generates earthquake sequences that display a magnitude-frequency scaling consistent with Gutenberg-Richter law. The frictional heterogeneities affeci earthquakes occurrence and stresses distribution of crustal blocks. Rupture of earthquakes starts at the nucleation node, and propagates bilaterally along faults with the stress triggering, release and redistribution. The failure of faults releases part of crustal stresses, the stress state of crustal blocks near fault is affected by the rupture of local segments on the fault, and the stress state of crustal blocks far away from the fault is controlled by the seismic activity of the whole fault. 相似文献
17.
划分大陆活动地块的重要标志之一是它们在地壳结构间的差异。大陆不同地块具有不同的地壳结构特征。这些结构和构造上的不同反映了它们在地壳内部的变形特征和动力过程的差异。文中利用深地震宽角反射 /折射剖面的结果 ,讨论了青藏高原东北缘东昆仑巴颜喀拉地块、鄂尔多斯地块和华北地块唐山震区地壳结构的差异。它们分别是变形强烈的活动地块、内部变形小相对稳定的地块和现代发生过强震的活动地块。在地壳结构上它们之间的差别是明显的。这些差异表现在地壳的分层性质、上地壳和下地壳的结构、地壳结构的不均匀尺度、壳 /幔分界的性质、壳内低速层的分布、地壳界面、特别是莫霍面的构造形态等方面 相似文献
18.
Introduction So small is the hypocenter area of strong earthquake, but its formation is controlled by time-space evolution of present-day crustal movement in wider-range area, and related to motion and deformation of active blocks and their boundary faults. Aseismic negative dislocation model presented by Matsuura, et al (1986) is that, the relative motion between blocks driven by present-day crustal movement may be partly locked at the block … 相似文献
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20 0 1年 11月 14日发生在昆仑山口西的 8 1级地震 ,在地表产生了长度大于 35 0km的破裂带 ,最大水平位移 6m左右 ,为左旋走滑断层。在昆仑山口西 8 1级地震周围不同活动地块内不同构造部位布设的GPS基准站对地震的响应存在明显的差异。其中位于柴达木活动地块内部的德令哈基准站在地震的当天观测到 7 5mm的同震位移 ,位于川滇活动地块西南边界带的下关基准站在震后 3d发生了 6 8mm以上的明显位移 ,而位于同一地块内部的昆明基准站和位于祁连山活动地块内的西宁基准站、位于拉萨活动地块内的拉萨基准站震时和震后都没有产生明显的位移。GPS基准站的观测资料表明 ,强震所处的活动地块和其相邻活动地块对强震有明显的响应 ,如果相隔一活动地块 ,则受强震的影响较小 ;在活动地块内 ,活动强烈的边界带或其它活动较强的部位对强震引起的地壳形变的响应明显大于活动强度较弱的部位 ;强震对相邻活动地块影响的差异 ,主要与强震所处活动地块运动时对其产生的作用方式的差异有关 相似文献
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Introduction ZHANG and ZHONG (1977), ZHANG, et al (1978) and ZHANG (1984) pointed out that Chinese mainland is divided into two parts by the NS-trending tectonic belt, i.e., the eastern area and the western area, and each area is divided into tectonic blocks by faults. In the eastern area, the faults are trending NNE and NNW, mainly NNE, and the long axis strike of blocks is nearly trending NS. In the western area, faults are trending NEE and NWW, mainly NWW, long axis strike … 相似文献