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《地震地质》2016,(3)
龙门山断裂带南段第四纪沉积差,断层出露不明显,晚第四纪构造活动性资料零星。为了提高对龙门山断裂带南段构造活动性的认识,探索芦山地震的发震构造,文中在分析龙门山断裂带南段的地貌以及构造演化的基础上,对跨盐井-五龙断裂、大川-双石断裂和芦山盆地的青衣江不同段的6级河流阶地进行了差分GPS连续测量和细致研究,结合对高分辨率航拍影像的地质解译,得到了龙门山断裂带南段青衣江各段的河流阶地横剖面,通过不同河段河流阶地的对比分析,建立了龙门山断裂带南段青衣江河流阶地纵剖面。通过对河流阶地的变形分析,发现龙门山断裂带南段晚第四纪以来,盐井-五龙断裂的平均垂向断错速率为0.6~1.2mm/a,大川-双石断裂没有明显的垂向活动,芦山地震的发震断层控制的山前褶皱最新活动。结合龙门山断裂带南段的地壳深部结构资料和芦山地震的精定位余震资料等,认为芦山地震的发震构造不是大川-双石断裂,而是龙门山断裂带南段的山前盲逆断层和反冲断层。 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震和芦山7.0级地震对周边断层的影响 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
采用分层粘弹性介质模型,研究龙门山断裂带发生的两次大地震(2008年5月12日汶川8.0级和2013年4月20日芦山7.0级地震)的同震位错和震后粘滞松弛效应引起的周边断裂带上的库仑应力变化。结果表明,汶川8.0级地震同震和震后效应均引起了芦山7.0级地震震中位置的库仑应力增加,有利于芦山地震的发生;汶川和芦山地震的同震和震后效应引起的周边各断层上的累积库仑应力变化分布显示,这两次大地震引起了其间的破裂空段的库仑应力显著增加;此外,累积库仑应力显著升高的断裂还有:鲜水河断裂带中段、灌县一安县断裂北段、文县断裂的一.部分、平武一青川断裂北段、略阳一勉县断裂。累积库仑应力显著降低的断裂有:马尔康断裂、岷江断裂南端、虎牙断裂、龙泉山断裂北端、北川一映秀断裂北段。 相似文献
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2008年5月12日M_w7.9汶川地震导致的周边断层应力变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年5月12日,四川龙门山断裂发生Mw7.9强烈地震,导致重大的人员伤亡和经济损失.据预测,汶川地震余震将持续至少1年,并且不排除发生强余震可能.因此,判断余震可能发生区域,圈定震区周边未来可能发生地震活动的范围,对灾区人员安置、灾后恢复重建以及加强震灾及次生灾害防御具有重要的参考价值.同时,汶川地震及邻区地震活动性为将来研究板内逆冲型地震的同震应力变化,并检验地震的应力触发作用提供了一个非常难得的机会.根据地震的静态触发原理,利用弹性位错理论和分层地壳模型计算了汶川地震引起的周边断层同震应力变化,分析了汶川地震对龙门山及周边各主要活动断层地震活动性的作用和影响.结果表明,汶川地震增加了鲜水河断裂(道孚-康定段)、东昆仑断裂(玛曲-南坪段)、青川断裂、岷江断裂南端以及彭县-灌县断裂、江油-广元断裂、江油-灌县断裂上库仑应力的积累,将提升这些断层上地震发生的概率.由于这些地区人口密集,应加强这些地区的地震监测和灾害预警.青川断裂上记录到的余震表明主震已经触发了该断层的地震活动,余震有向该区迁移的趋势,应密切关注地震向北迁移的态势.彭县-灌县断裂、北川-映秀断裂南段目前发生的余震很少,所积累的构造应力未充分... 相似文献
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5.12汶川地震后龙门山断裂带东北段现今地应力测量结果分析 总被引：15，自引：2，他引：13
5.12汶川大地震发生后,在龙门山断裂带东北段,开展了6个钻孔的原地应力测量工作.测量钻孔分别位于龙门山中央断裂带上下两盘的平武、北川、江油和广元等地.钻孔孔深在200~500 m之间,共取得了72个测试段的地应力测量数据,以及其中33个测段的印模定向试验数据,由此获得了每个测点处地应力的赋存状态,包括地应力量值随孔深的变化以及地应力作用方向.根据库仑准则,结合Byerlee定律对各测点实测数据进行分析,可以看出,龙门山断裂带上盘现今地应力的作用强度高于下盘.其上、下两盘现今地应力赋存状态特征及其差异性显示出该区域处于不均衡的应力环境,容易导致断裂失稳而产生新的活动;印模定向试验数据表明,龙门山断裂带东北段的北川、江油、平武的最大水平主应力优势方向为NEE向;广元附近为NWW或近东西方向.结合已有的研究成果,初步得到龙门山断裂带现今地应力作用方向的分段性特征,即大致以北川为界,龙门山断裂带东北段应力方向显示了与西南段不同的特征.其西南段现今地应力的优势作用方向为北西方向,而龙门山断裂带东北段,自江油、北川、平武一带至广元、青川附近,其现今地应力的最大水平主压应力的优势作用方向呈现了NEE→NWW的赋存状态和变化趋势.本文获得的研究结果对于认识5.12汶川特大地震的动力学机制具有一定的借鉴和启示作用. 相似文献
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龙门山北部陕甘川交界三角构造区断裂活动特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
龙门山北部3条不同走向的断裂带所围限的三角地区是我国陕甘川交界地区研究地震活动的重要场所.通过对区内秦岭南缘断裂、 平武—青川断裂、 岷江断裂及虎牙断裂活动特征研究和活动时代分析认为: 秦岭南缘断裂, 包括迭部—舟曲断裂、 武都—康县—略阳断裂及茶店—勉县断裂在晚更新世曾有过活动, 在全新世活动不明显; 龙门山断裂带东北段平武—青川断裂最后一次活动发生在晚更新世, 表现为右旋走滑的逆断裂, 全新世活动不明显; 岷江断裂和虎牙断裂不但在晚更新世活动强烈, 而且在全新世继续活动; 龙门山北部这个三角地区依然是未来地震活动关注的重点地区. 相似文献
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文中通过对海南岛北部卫星遥感影像的解译分析,对该区活动断裂的分布与发育情况进行了研究。首先选取光学影像和雷达影像为主要数据源,在数据预处理及信息增强处理的基础上,进行了多源遥感信息融合处理,以综合利用各类数据源;其次结合研究区已有研究成果,分析遥感影像上地质地貌特征的表现,以建立研究区的解译标志,分析提取各类地质体影像特征;最后,综合分析研究区的地质地貌特征,对海南岛北部活动构造的分布与发育情况进行了全面深入的遥感解译。研究发现,研究区内主要存在EW、NW及NE向3组活动断裂,其中EW及NW向断裂对海南岛北部的地质地貌发育情况影响很大,对该区地震的发生起了比较大的控制作用 相似文献
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本文利用在龙门山断裂带周边布设的57个台站自2008年11月至2009年11月为期一年的垂直分量连续地震环境噪声数据,通过短周期地震环境噪声成像方法,获得了龙门山断裂带中北段地壳25km深度范围的S波精细速度结构.结果表明:(1)龙门山断裂带周边区域10km以上的速度结构与地表断裂的分布形态具有良好的一致性,速度结构控制了龙门山主要断层的深部延展特征;在15km及以下深度,S波速度结构呈现沿龙门山和沿岷山隆起走向的交叉构造格局,由此造成的速度结构差异可能影响了汶川地震的破裂过程;(2)速度结构随深度的分布特征为龙门山断裂带主要断层的深部延伸形态给出了良好的约束,结果进一步确认了龙门山断裂中段的高角度铲型断裂构造特征;(3)研究区的南端发现了龙门山断裂下方20km以下深度具有与松潘地块中地壳低速层相关的低速结构的迹象,这可能是汶川地震破裂带南段22km左右深度存在脆韧转换带的一个证据.研究结果显示出密集台阵和短周期环境噪声成像方法在地壳浅部精细结构和断层探测研究中具有巨大潜力. 相似文献
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本文利用CAP波形反演方法,获取了汶川MS8.0地震序列中312个具有较高信噪比波形资料的4级以上余震的震源机制解和震源深度. 基于震源深度空间分布与震源机制时空分布,分析了主震后余震区断层行为特征与应力场时空变化,并对龙门山断裂带中北段的发震断层面几何形态进行了初步探讨. 获得的主要认识如下:(1)余震震源深度分布存在显著的空间分段差异. 绵竹以西的余震区南段与平武以东的北段余震深度范围大于中段(绵竹-平武段),但深度小于5 km的5级以上超浅源地震主要分布在明显偏离龙门山断裂带走向的理县NW向分支与余震区北端NNE向分支,而中段余震主要分布在7~19 km深度. (2)余震机制类型存在明显的时空差异. 余震区中段逆冲型地震占绝对优势,理县NW向分支余震则以走滑型为主,机制类型随时间变化不显著. 沿龙门山断裂带走向的余震区南段,早期(2008年8月底前)逆冲型地震比例高于走滑型、晚期走滑型地震比例显著升高并超过逆冲型;而余震区北段早期走滑型地震占绝对优势、晚期逆冲型地震比例大幅上升且超过走滑型. 南、北两段余震机制类型比例的显著变化,可能是余震区两端断层调整性运动的表现. (3)节面走向及P轴方位优势方向均存在显著的空间差异. 南段NWW向P轴方位与区域应力场一致,中段及理县NW向分支P轴优势方向NEE,而北段具NWW和NEE两个优势方向,这种差异反映了余震活动除了受区域应力场控制外,还受到主震引发的局部应力场的控制. 节面走向的多方位分布则反映不同走向的构造参与了主震后的余震活动. (4)沿龙门山断裂带走向,余震区南段具深部缓倾角、浅部高倾角的铲形断面特征;中段深部倾角均值较稳定、浅部倾角均值随深度减小而增大;北段倾角均值相对稳定,显示其断面几何形态相对简单. 上述不同区段倾角均值随深度的变化揭示龙门山断裂带中北段断层面几何形态复杂. 相似文献
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汶川8.0级地震序列重新定位及其发震构造初探 总被引：10，自引：1，他引：9
采用双差定位方法对汶川8.0级地震及其2,216次余震进行了重新定位,得到2,061次地震的震源位置,定位结果在水平向和垂直向的估算误差大致为1～2km和2～3km。8.0级主震的震中位置大致为北纬31.00°,东经103.38°,震源深度13km左右,发震构造为龙门山中央断裂。余震震中沿走向分布的总长度为330km左右,震源深度优势分布在3～20km,表现出明显的分段活动特征。南段以龙门山中央断裂活动为主,后山断裂和前山断裂也有地震发生,这3条断裂自西向东倾角似乎逐渐变缓,形成叠瓦状的破裂分布。北段龙门山中央断裂、平武-青川断裂等多条断裂参与了发震过程,地震破裂既有逆冲推覆,也有右旋走滑方式 相似文献
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The determination of the coefficient of viscosity of eruptive products gives useful elements to the knowledge of possible variations of composition and physical conditions of the magmas. 相似文献
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Geomagnetism and Aeronomy - The magnetic evolution of the active region of the Sun at the level of the photosphere has been studied. Magnetic synoptic maps of the 2007 Kitt Peak Observatory were... 相似文献
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Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica - 相似文献
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Josef Vykutil 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1968,12(2):217-220
Резюме Дается вывод формул для вычислений длины хорды, длины и азимутов нормаляных сечений и длины геодезической линии эллипсоида.
Применяются тригонометрические функции данных величин и постоянные принятого ргфгргнц-эллипсоида, что является целесообразным
при использовании вычислителQjных машин, особенно автоматов. Рабочие формулы рекомендуются в форме (8–11).
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
Dedicated to Professor František Fiala on His 85th Birthday
Address: Veveři 95, Brno. 相似文献
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V. E. Pavlov T. Yu. Tolmacheva R. V. Veselovskiy A. V. Latyshev A. M. Fetisova I. V. Bigun 《Izvestiya Physics of the Solid Earth》2017,53(5):702-713
Until recently, the existing data prevented the geophysicists from accurately dating the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, which outcrops in the middle reach of the Kotuy River, constraining the time of its formation to a wide interval from the end of the Late Cambrian to the beginning of the Silurian. The obtained paleomagnetic data unambiguously correlate the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum to the Nyaian regional stage and constrain its formation, at least a considerable part of it, by the Tremadocian. This result perfectly agrees with the data on the Bysy-Yuryakh conodonts studied in this work and yields a spectacular example of the successful application of paleomagnetic studies in solving important tasks of stratigraphy and, correspondingly, petroleum geology. Within the Bysy-Yuryakh stratum, we revealed a large normal-polarity interval corresponding to the long (>1 Ma) period when the geomagnetic reversals were absent. This result, in combination with the data for the Tremadocian and Middle–Upper Cambrian sequences of the other regions, indicates that (1) the rate of occurrence of the geomagnetic reversals on the eve of the Ordovician Moyero superchron of reversed polarity was at most one reversal per Ma; (2) the superchron does not switch on instantaneously but is preceded by a certain gradual change in the operation conditions of the dynamo mechanism which, inter alia, manifests itself by the reduction of the frequency of geomagnetic reversals with the approach of the superchron. This finding supports the views according to which a process preparing the establishment of the superchrons takes place at the core–mantle boundary. 相似文献
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Summary A simple model is proposed suitable for studying the effect of the ground layer of the atmosphere, polluted by aerosol, on the albedo. This model is founded on solving the equation of transfer of radiative energy. The numerical results are discussed, particular attention being paid to the analysis of errors due to neglecting the multiple reflection of solar radiation on the aerosol particles. A method which would also include the multiple reflection is proposed, and the conditions under which the presence of the aerosol is responsible for an increase or decrease of the solar radiation balance on the Earth's surface, are analysed. 相似文献
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Prof. Dr. W. A. Heiskanen 《Pure and Applied Geophysics》1958,41(1):1-18
Summary The author mentions the aims of the World-wide gravity project he established in the Ohio State University in Columbus, in 1950. He outlines the practical procedure of the gravimetric computations of the undulationsN and the vertical deflection components and and emphasizes that only by the global international cooperation and additional gravity observations at sea carried out during the last decade it has been possible to gather to Columbus the needed gravity material. Since there exist still large gravimetrically unsurveyed areas it is of vital significance to study what gravity anomalies are best to be used for these regions. The given figures concerning the accuracy of theN, and , estimated theoretically and obtained in practice, indicate that in the gravimetrically well surveyed parts of the world like in Europe and the United States we can get gravimetrically on basis of existing gravity material theN-values with accuracy of about 5–10 meters, and and with the accuracy of about 1. The geoid undulationsN are already computed in Columbus for more than 6000 points of the northern hemisphere. The sample maps show the interesting geoid of Europe and vicinity between the latitudes 60° and 30° and longitude 5° W and 30° E, drafted on basis of more than 1000N-values computed at the corners of 1°×1° squares. It is interesting to realize that the geoid undulations in all this area are positive, the extreme values being between 40 and 50 meters. The geophysical significance of the geoid maps of this kind is pointed out. 相似文献
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Ivanka Jakubcová Věra Marvanová Miloš Pick Antonín Novotný Reviewer Z. Šimon 《Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica》1982,26(2):193-196
Summary The results of two different methods of the determination of the non-linearity of the gravimeter scale are compared; the economy is discussed as well. 相似文献
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Atmospheric temperature and humidity fields as well as information on other meteorological parameters are nowadays retrieved from radiance measurements recorded by operational meteorological satellites. Up to now, the inversion procedures used only take into account crude information on the topography of the Earth’s surface. However, the applied radiative transfer codes have to consider the Earth’s surface as the lower boundary of the atmospheric model and, therefore, need a more precise mean elevation and a classification of the roughness of the Earth’s surface. The influence of the topography of the Earth surface on retrieved temperature profiles is studied by using a physico-statistical inversion method. An objective analysis is made of the more precise mean elevation and derivation of roughness parameters using a new high-resolution digital elevation model (DEM) with a resolution of 500 m×500 m. By means of a geomorphological process and a newly developed topography rejection test, areas with a high surface roughness are localized and singled out. The influence of topography on the retrieved temperature profiles is illustrated by case studies. Changes are found predominantly in areas with a high variation of topography. Using the new high-resolution DEM and the topography rejection test, the geographical position of the calculated temperature profiles tends to be shifted towards areas with a small vertical variation of topography. The mean elevation determined by the new elevation model better characterizes the area observed. Hence, the temperature profiles can be calculated down to lower atmospheric levels. Furthermore, a guess profile better describing the atmospheric situation is selected by the more precise elevation. In addition, the temperature profiles obtained near the coast are improved considerably by the more precise determination of the surface property ‘sea’ and ‘land,’ respectively. Integration of an independent physical information such as topography leads, on average, to a slight improvement of the results of the physico-statistical inversion procedure. In some cases, however, significant improvements have been achieved regarding the desired accuracy of temperature profiles of the order of 1 K. In future, the spatial resolution of new high-resolution sounding instrumentation on the next generation of operational meteorological satellites will be increased. To exploit the resolving power of this new instrumentation, the different variation of the topography of the Earth surface, especially in regions with a high variation of topography, can be taken into account more precisely by using a high-resolution DEM. 相似文献