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1.
应用1999—2003年中国中央气象台 (CMO)、日本气象厅 (JMA) 以及美国联合台风警报中心 (JTWC) 发布的西北太平洋热带气旋综合预报资料, 从总误差、逐年误差趋势、不同海区误差、不同路径趋势误差、不同强度趋势误差等5个方面对各预报中心的路径及强度预报结果进行分析, 结果表明:5年总的平均误差以JTWC的路径预报误差最小, 而JMA的强度预报较准确; 在不同海域, 各预报中心的路径预报能力各有优势, 但在热带气旋的强度预报方面, JMA的方法在各海区都较稳定; 对不同路径趋势热带气旋的预报方面, 除了南海转向热带气旋的路径预报比JMA和CMO稍差一些之外, JTWC的路径预报在大多数情况下都是好于或相当于JMA和CMO; 在不同强度变化趋势热带气旋的预报方面, JTWC在大多数情况下都优于其他中心。上述结果帮助业务和科技人员全面了解各预报中心的预报能力优劣, 也为今后改进我国的热带气旋预报提供有益的参考。 相似文献
2.
ECMWF数值产品在热带气旋(TC)路径预报中的应用分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
将三次样条插值方法应用到欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECMWF)海平面气压场(MSLP)、850 hPa涡度场和风场,对2004—2008年西北太平洋(WNP)和南海(SCS)所有编号热带气旋(TC)进行路径预报。结果表明:基于850 hPa涡度场的TC预报效果好于气压场预报,而综合考虑850 hPa涡度场、风场和海平面气压场的预报效果最好,且有效预报次数更多。与中央气象台(CMO)主观定位及预报对比发现:ECMWF客观预报的0 h的TC平均路径误差为79.9 km,24 h平均客观预报误差大于中央气象台的主观误差,而48～96 h则小于中央气象台的主观误差;误差年际变化分析表明:主观预报水平进步缓慢,而客观预报水平进步明显。ECMWF客观预报效果优于中央气象台效果差的主观预报。 相似文献
3.
2011年西北太平洋热带气旋预报精度评定 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
本文对2011年西北太平洋热带气旋(TC)业务定位和预报精度进行评定,内容包括TC定位、确定性路径和强度预报以及路径集合预报。结果表明:业务定位总平均误差为24.9 km;国内各综合预报方法24、48和72 h的总体平均距离误差分别为112.6、209.7和333.6 km;国内各业务数值模式24、48和72 h预报的总体平均距离误差分别为121.4、220.1和380.5 km,均比2010年有所减小,但各模式的强度预报能力仍不如客观预报方法。对7个集合预报系统的TC路径预报能力进行评估,发现ECMWF集合预报系统的整体表现最好,其次是NCEP集合预报系统,这两个系统在某些时效的集合平均预报接近或超过综合预报水平。国家气象中心集合预报系统处中游水平。 相似文献
4.
为提升GRAPES_TYM对西北太平洋和中国南海热带气旋路径及强度的预报能力、增加对北印度洋热带气旋的预报,2019年8月GRAPES_TYM 3.0版投入业务运行。GRAPES_TYM 3.0版的模式垂直分层由GRAPES_TYM 2.2版的50层增加到68层;预报区域由覆盖西北太平洋、中国南海扩展到覆盖北印度洋。试验结果显示:模式垂直分层增加可以改进模式对强台风及超强台风的预报能力,减小平均路径预报误差、显著减小平均强度预报误差以及强度预报负偏差;模式预报区域扩大到覆盖北印度洋对平均路径误差和平均强度误差影响不显著,但长时效预报比较敏感,如20°N以北热带气旋120 h预报路径。2016—2018年的回算结果与NCEP-GFS和ECMWF的预报结果对比分析表明:GRAPES_TYM 3.0版的平均路径误差与NCEP-GFS接近,同ECMWF相比误差较大;但24—96 h强度预报误差明显小于NCEP-GFS和ECMWF,NCEP-GFS和ECMWF对热带气旋强度预报存在明显的负偏差。综上所述,模式垂直分层由50层增加到68层对热带气旋强度预报至关重要,而长时效路径预报对模式预报区域扩大到覆盖北印度洋更为敏感。 相似文献
5.
热带大气季节内振荡对西北太平洋地区热带气旋路径的影响 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
利用NOAA的逐日OLR场资料、ECMWF逐日风场(850 hPa)资料、以及美国联合台风预报中心(JTWC)的热带气旋(TC)数据,参考Wheeler和Hendon提出的MJO指数,通过Combined-EOF方法定义热带20～90 d振荡(ISO)的指数,对西北太平洋(WNP)区域进行ISO不同相位的划分,深入研究西北太平洋地区ISO对于热带气旋(TC)路径变化的影响。研究结果表明,在ISO东风位相中,在ISO反气旋性环流东北侧气流影响下,西太副高南侧偏东气流较弱,生成在副高中的TC在140 °E以东转折的比率较大;而在西风位相,副高南侧偏东气流受ISO气旋性环流影响加强,生成在该区域的TC在偏东气流引导下首先向西,当西北移动至近海区域后,在西南季风气流以及副高西侧偏东南气流的共同作用下,容易发生顺时针的北折,因而在140 °E以西转折类的TC比率较高。还分析了台风个例中的ISO流场形势,发现当ISO气旋(反气旋)性环流中心与热带气旋中心重合时,热带气旋路径会发生突然的右折。 相似文献
6.
2015年西北太平洋热带气旋预报精度评定 总被引：7，自引：5，他引：2
本文以中国气象局上海台风研究所整编的热带气旋(Tropical Cyclme,TC)最佳路径集为依据,对2015年西北太平洋TC定位精度及路径、登陆点、强度预报精度进行了评定,结果表明：2015年中央气象台TC平均定位误差为14.1 km,优于2014年定位水平;中央气象台24、48、72、96和120 h路径预报误差分别为66.2、119.5、176.3、244.3和328.5 km;国内外共6个全球模式在上述预报时效的总平均路径误差分别为86.5、146.5、215.8、321.6和475.8 km;4个区域模式24、48和72 h的总平均路径误差分别为84.1、147.1和230.8 km。2015年的主观方法、全球模式和区域模式的路径预报性能均较2014年有了较大进步,但是强度预报性能仍未得到改善。目前,统计预报方法的强度预报整体性能仍然领先于数值模式。 相似文献
7.
西北太平洋热带气旋生成数在不同资料集上的差异性比较 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
比较分析中国气象局(CMA)、美国台风联合警报中心(JTWC)和日本RSMC Tokyo台风中心(JMA)台风资料频次的年际、年代际变化和周期变化特征,结果表明,不同资料中心的热带气旋(TC)、台风(TS强度及以上的TC)生成数的气候值存在一定的差异,热带气旋生成数的差异较为明显,台风生成数的差异相对要小,CMA资料中热带气旋、台风生成数相对偏多;CMA与JTWC间热带气旋生成数年际间变化差异显著而难以忽略,其差异主要来自TD生成数的明显不同;三个中心关于台风生成数的一致性比较好,其中JMA台风资料与另外两个中心资料间的一致更好;CMA与JTWC西北太平洋热带气旋生成数的周期变化间无明显差异,但年代际间变化有明显差异,主要表现为1990年代的反位相;台风生成数资料可能在1960年代后期存在非均一性。 相似文献
8.
热带气旋路径数值模式业务试验性能分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
在中国气象局数值预报创新基地开发的GRAPES基础上,建立了热带气旋路径预报系统(GRAPES-TCM)。并对2002、2003年热带气旋进行了一系列时间为48 h的路径后报试验,对2004年的热带气旋路径进行准业务预报。针对热带气旋路径预报的分析表明,GRAPES-TCM对热带气旋路径具有良好的预报能力。比较了2004年GRAPES-TCM准业务预报同北京数值预报和日本数值预报的结果,GRAPES-TCM的预报结果比北京的好,与日本数值预报相比仍有较大的差距。GRAPES-TCM计算的总的热带气旋24、48 h平均距离误差大约为150、250 km。GRAPES-TCM计算的热带气旋路径的平均距离误差随着其初始强度的增强而减小,台风级的热带气旋路径的24 h平均距离误差仅为111 km,48 h平均距离误差也在210 km左右,与此同时,预报的强热带风暴的24和48 h平均距离误差则为166.6和242.6 km。GRAPES-TCM后报的"突然转向"和"突然变速"热带气旋的平均距离误差24 h达到280 km,48 h则在300 km左右,超过其总的平均距离误差。对于"回旋"路径的热带气旋也有一定的预报能力。对不同分辨率的对比试验结果表明,提高GRAPES-TCM的分辨率可为稍长时间的热带气旋路径预报提供更为可靠的结果,2004年的热带气旋路径预报的48 h平均距离误差不到200 km。 相似文献
9.
国家气象中心区域台风模式预报性能分析 总被引：2，自引：5，他引：2
为了更好发挥区域台风模式GRAPES_TYM在业务预报中的参考作用,利用2017年GRAPES_TYM升级版本对2014—2016年的回算结果同美国国家环境预报中心的全球模式（NCEP-GFS）以及欧洲中期天气预报中心（ECMWF）的中期预报模式(EC-IFS)进行了对比分析。结果显示:两个全球模式的预报路径平均误差小于区域台风模式GRAPES_TYM的平均路径误差;GRAPES_TYM和NCEP-GFS的路径预报均存在明显的移向正偏差,EC-IFS移向偏差不明显;GRAPES_TYM对我国近海登陆的热带气旋120 h路径预报误差小于NCEP全球模式,同ECMWF差别不大;区域模式的强度（近地面最大风速）预报平均误差在72 h前小于两个全球模式,而三个模式在强度预报上存在明显负偏差,负偏差主要存在于25 °N以南（这一区域为强台风和超强台风主要区域）。 相似文献
10.
热带气旋强度资料的差异性分析 总被引：16，自引：4，他引：16
通过对比西北太平洋3个主要预报中心(中国气象局(CMA)、日本东京台风中心(RSMC Tokyo)和美国联合台风警报中心(JTWC))的16 a数据,分析了不同来源的热带气旋(TC)强度资料的差异性。结果表明:CMA与RSMCTokyo和JTWC的TC强度均值分别相差0.6和1.7 m/s,均通过1%信度的统计检验,即存在显著差异;3个中心对同一TC确定的强度最大差异超过30 m/s;CMA资料的台风数多于RSMC Tokyo和JTWC,年台风频数的均方差也最大,但是3个中心资料的各级TC频数差异均无统计显著性。对比有、无飞机探测时段的资料发现,对TC进行飞机探测可在一定程度上减小各中心在确定TC强度方面的分歧。为了初步了解上述资料问题对TC强度预报的可能影响,采用一个气候持续性预报方法,取不同来源的TC强度资料进行了4 a(2000—2003年)的预报。发现据JTWC资料所得TC强度预报有最大的均方根误差,RSMCTokyo的最小,CMA居中;据CMA和RSMC Tokyo(CMA和JTWC)资料,对相同TC相同时次24 h预报的平均绝对偏差达2.5(4.0)m/s,最大可相差16(21)m/s。可见,西北太平洋TC强度的基本资料问题增加了预报的难度。 相似文献
11.
DIFFERENCES AMONG DIFFERENT DATABASES IN THE NUMBER OF TROPICAL CYCLONES FORMING OVER THE WESTERN NORTH
PACIFIC 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
As shown in comparisons of the characteristics of inter-annual and inter-decadal variability and
periodical changes in the number of tropical cyclones forming over the western North Pacific by three
major forecast centers, i.e. China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized
Meteorological Center of Tokyo (JMA) and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of Guam, there are the
following important points. (1) Climatology of tropical cyclone (TC) or typhoon (TC on the intensity of TS
or stronger) shows some difference in tropical cyclone frequency among the centers, which is more notable
with TC than with typhoon. Both of them are more at the database of CMA than at those of the other two
centers. (2) The difference is too significant to ignore in the inter-annual variability of tropical cyclone
frequency between CMA and JTWC, which mainly results from the obvious difference in the inter-annual
variability of the number of generated tropical depression (TD) between the two databases. The difference
is small in the inter-annual variability of TS formations among all the three databases, and consistence is
good between JMA and CMA or JTWC. (3) Though differences are not significant in the periodical
variation of TC formations between CMA and JTWC, they are markedly apart in the inter-decadal
variability, which is mainly shown by an anti-phase during the 1990s. (4) Non-homogeneity may exist
around the late stage of the 1960s in the data of tropical cyclone frequency. 相似文献
12.
INTENSITY CHANGE CHARACTERISTICS OF TROPICAL CYCLONES IN THE WESTERN NORTH PACIFIC AS REVEALED BY THREE DIFFERENT DATASETS 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
Analyzed in this paper are the 20-yr(1991-2010)tropical cyclone(TC)intensity from three forecast centers in the Western North Pacific,i.e.China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA),and Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC)of the United States.Results show that there is more or less discrepancy in the intensity change of a TC among different datasets.The maximum discrepancy reaches 22 hPa/6h(42 hPa/6h,33 hPa/6h)between CMA and JMA(CMA and JTWC,JMA and JTWC).Special attention is paid to the records for abrupt intensity change,which is currently a difficult issue for forecasters globally.It is found that an abrupt intensity change process recorded by one dataset can have,in some extreme cases,intensity change in another dataset varying from 0 to≥10 hPa/6h with the same sign or the opposite sign.In a total of 2511 cases experiencing rapid intensity change,only 14%have consensus among all the three datasets and 25%have agreement between two of the three datasets.In spite of such a significant uncertainty,the three datasets agree on the general statistical characteristics of abrupt intensity change,including regional and seasonal distribution,the relationship with initial intensity and TC moving speed,and persistence features.Notable disagreement is on very strong systems(SuperTY)and TCs moving very fast. 相似文献
13.
Comparison of Three Tropical Cyclone Intensity Datasets 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
Analyzed in this paper are the 16-yr (1988-2003) tropical cyclone (TC) intensity data from three major forecast centers of the western North Pacific, i.e., China Meteorological Administration (CMA), Regional Specialized Meteorological Center Tokyo (RSMC Tokyo), and Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC) of the United States. Results show that there are significant discrepancies (at 1% significance level) in the intensity of TCs among the three centers, with a maximum difference for the same TC over 30 m s-1. The flight reconnaissance over TC can minish the discrepancy to some extent. A climatic and persistent prediction model is set up to study the impact of initial data from different forecast centers on the prediction of TC intensity. It is obtained that the root mean square error (RMSE) of a 4-yr independent test is the largest using data from JTWC, while the smallest using data from RSMC Tokyo. Average absolute deviation in 24-h intensity prediction is 2.5 m s-1 between CMA and RSMC Tokyo data, and 4.0 m s-1 between CMA and JTWC data, with a maximum deviation reaching 21 m s-1. Such a problem in the initial value increases the difficulty in intensity prediction of TCs over the western North Pacific. 相似文献
14.
This is a study to compare three selected tropical cyclone datasets separately compiled by CMA
Shanghai Typhoon Institute (CMA_SHI), the Joint Typhoon Warning Center (JTWC), and the Japan
Meteorological Agency (JMA). The annual frequencies, observation times and destructive power index as
the characteristic quantities are investigated of the tropical cyclones over the western North Pacific. The
comparative study has resulted in the following findings: 1) Statistical gaps between the datasets compared
are narrowing down as the intensity of tropical cyclones increases. 2) In the context of interdecadal
distribution, there is for the 1950s a relatively large gap between the datasets, as compared with a
narrowed gap for the period from the mid 1970s to the 1980s, and a recurring widened gap for the mid and
late 1990s. Additionally, an approach is proposed in the paper to correct the wind speed data in the TC
Yearbook. 相似文献
15.
The differences in the climatology of extratropical transition(ET) of western North Pacific tropical cyclones(TCs) were investigated in this study using the TCs best-track datasets of China Meteorological Administration(CMA),Japan Meteorological Agency(JMA) and the Joint Typhoon Warning Center(JTWC). The results show that the ET identification, ET completion time, and post-ET duration reported in the JTWC dataset are greatly different from those in CMA and JMA datasets during 2004-2010. However, the key differences between the CMA and JMA datasets from 1951 to 2010 are the ET identification and the post-ET duration, because of inconsistent objective ET criteria used in the centers. Further analysis indicates that annual ET percentage of CMA was lower than that of JMA, and exhibited an interannual decreasing trend, while that of JMA was an unchanged trend. The western North Pacific ET events occurred mainly during the period June to November. The latitude of ET occurrence shifted northward from February to August,followed by a southward shift. Most of ET events were observed between 35°N and 45°N. From a regional perspective,TCs tended to undergo ET in Japan and the ocean east to it. It is found that TCs which experienced the ET process at higher latitudes were generally more intense at the ET completion time. TCs completing the ET overland or offshore were weaker than those finishing the ET over the ocean. Most of the TCs weakened 24 h before the completion of ET.In contrast, 21%(27%) of the TCs showed an intensification process based on the CMA(JMA) dataset during the post-ET period. The results presented in this study indicate that consistent ET determination criteria are needed to reduce the uncertainty involved in ET identification among the centers. 相似文献
16.
西北太平洋(含南海)热带气旋路径集成预报分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
基于2004—2009 年中国中央气象台、日本气象厅、美国联合台风警报中心、欧洲中心对西北太平洋和南海编号热带气旋主客观预报资料,利用算术平均、多元回归以及历史平均误差等三种集成方法,建立了热带气旋路径集成预报业务化系统。通过2007—2009 年的业务运行结果分析发现,欧洲中心客观预报参与的24、48 和72 h 集成比主观预报三个成员集成预报水平分别提高约2%、3%～5%和3%～5%,减小误差2.5 km左右、6～9 km 和10～12 km。技巧分析发现,24～72 h 集成预报有正技巧,多元回归集成技巧相对稍低,而算术平均和以各成员平均误差的平方倒数为权重系数的集成技巧对于各集成成员来说技巧差异不大。96 h 集成预报对欧洲中心的客观预报没有正技巧。 相似文献
17.
A study on the impact of asymmetric components around tropical cyclone center on the accuracy of bogus data and the track forecast 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
M. Ueno 《Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics》1995,56(1-2):125-134
Summary The Japan Meteorological Agency (JMA) has used a tropical cyclone bogus insertion procedure to produce correctlypositioned, cyclone-like vortices within the initial analyses and to track the vortices throughout the model forecasts. The TC bogus soundings are constructed from a standard axisymmetric vortices for well developed tropical cyclones based on a few manually-analyzed parameters such as storm position, central pressure and radius of gale force wind. Mainly because of such an axi-symmetric property of JMA TC bogus data, which is likely to remove the steering flow from the central core region of TC, all the JMA models have a noticeable slow-start bias error and also northward drifting blas error in TC movement. In order to investigate the impact of asymmetric wind components on the TC track forecast, an experimental analysis-forecast cycle is conducted using the JMA global spectral model, in which asymmetric components extracted from the first guess fields are added to the axisymmetric TC bogus. It is found from the experiment that both the slow-start bias error and northward bias error can be reduced by introducing the asymmetric components into the TC bogus. Besides the impact study, a statistical verification study of the bogus data was also made against real data such as sonde data and superiority of the preparation method of asymmetric components was proved.With 9 Figures 相似文献