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1.
国家级中尺度天气分析业务技术进展Ⅱ：对流天气中尺度过程分析规范和支撑技术 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
中尺度天气分析技术在对流性天气的短期预报业务中发挥了重要作用。文章介绍了国家气象中心正在发展和试运行的对流天气中尺度过程分析规范和支撑技术,旨在为中尺度对流天气的短时临近分析和预报提供技术方法,其客观技术支撑为中国气象局强对流短临预报系统SWAN、强对流天气综合监测技术和自动站资料快速客观分析技术等。文章以2011年4月17日强对流过程为例,介绍了如何利用多源观测资料(常规和非常规资料)快速识别和掌握强对流天气(短时强降水、雷暴大风、冰雹、龙卷等)实况,分析当前对流系统类型及其结构特征,判断未来影响对流系统发生、发展的中尺度环境条件,并综合考虑客观自动外推算法产品,最终指导预报员对未来0～6 h内的强对流天气影响区域进行短临预报预警。业务试验表明,对流天气中尺度过程分析技术可为强对流天气短临预报业务提供重要参考和依据。 相似文献
2.
强对流天气综合监测业务系统建设 总被引：12，自引：4，他引：8
强对流天气监测是其预报的基础.国家气象中心强天气预报中心利用多源观测资料(常规和非常规资料)建设了强对流天气综合监测业务系统.强对流天气的监测对象包括积云、地面高温、雷暴、地闪、冰雹、龙卷、大风、雷暴大风、短时强降水、雷暴反射率因子、对流风暴(基于雷达资料)、深对流云及中尺度对流系统(Mesoscale Convective Systems,MCS,基于静止卫星红外1通道资料)等不同时段的分布.发展的监测技术主要包括自动站资料质量控制技术、强对流信息提取和统计技术、直角坐标交叉相关雷达回波追踪(Cartesian Tracking Radar Echoes by Correlation,CTREC)技术、雷暴识别追踪分析和临近预报(Thunderstorm Identification Tracking Analysis and Nowcasting,TITAN)技术、深对流云识别技术、中尺度对流系统识别和追踪技术,以及闪电密度监测技术等.强对流天气监测系统自动定时运行,其输出数据与MICAPS业务平台完全兼容.该监测系统在国家气象中心的强对流天气预报业务中发挥了重要作用. 相似文献
3.
中国当代强对流天气研究与业务进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对当代中国几十年来强对流天气研究和业务进展做了阐述，主要包括强对流系统产生的环境背景和主要组织形态，以及具体强对流天气的有利环境条件、触发机制、卫星云图特征、多普勒天气雷达回波特征以及预报、预警技术等诸方面。总体来看，中国学者对强对流以及不同类型强对流天气（强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风）发生、发展的环流背景以及通过雷达和卫星观测到的组织结构及其演变特征都已有了明确认识，研究了对流系统的多种触发机制，深入认识了超级单体、飑线等对流系统的环境条件、组织结构特征和维持机制，了解了中国中尺度对流系统的组织形态和气候分布特征，获得了强冰雹、龙卷、下击暴流和雷暴大风等的雷达、卫星和闪电等的多尺度观测特征、形成机制和现场灾害调查特征，发展了各类强对流天气识别、监测和分析方法以及基于“配料法”和深度学习方法等的预报、预警技术等。因此，强对流天气业务预报水平已得到显著提升。 相似文献
4.
雷暴与强对流临近天气预报技术进展 总被引：81，自引：22，他引：59
临近预报指0—6h(0—2h为重点)的高时空分辨率的天气预报,预报对象是该时段内出现明显变化的天气现象,主要包括雷暴、强对流、降水、冬季暴风雪、冻雨、沙尘暴、低能见度(雾)、天空云量等,其中,以雷暴和强对流天气的临近预报最具挑战性。综述了针对雷暴和强对流天气的以主观预报为主、结合客观算法的临近预报技术,同时讨论了高分辨率数值预报模式在临近预报中的应用。主观临近预报技术包括基于多普勒天气雷达观测数据并结合其他资料(常规高空和地面观测、气象卫星云图、快速同化循环的数值预报产品等)对雷暴生成、发展和衰减,特别是对强对流天气(包括强冰雹、龙卷、雷暴大风和对流性暴雨)的临近预报,客观算法包括几种应用最广的雷达回波或云图外推算法和强对流天气识别技术。高分辨率数值预报模式的应用包括与雷达回波外推融合延长临近预报时效,与各种观测资料融合得到快速更新的三维格点资料为雷暴和强对流近风暴环境的判断提供重要参考。 相似文献
5.
2009年江苏一次强对流天气过程的遥感监测 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
以卫星水汽图为主,结合可见光云图、雷达资料和常规天气观测资料,分析2009年6月5日发生在江苏徐州沛县的一次冰雹、龙卷天气,结果表明：卫星水汽图中动力异常区与对流系统的交界处和可见光云图上两个对流云团出流边界处触发的新的雷暴云团区域容易产生龙卷等强对流天气;水汽图上的水汽输送带与可见光云图的对流云系相一致,并且水汽图像特征与导致垂直运动和气流变形场的大尺度天气过程有关系,代表着对流层中上部的动力特征;强对流天气发生在低亮温对流云团中。高时空分辨率的卫星和雷达遥感资料很好地反映了短时强对流天气系统的发展与演变,有效地补充了常规天气资料分析的不足,为短时天气预报提供一种思路。 相似文献
6.
基于中尺度数值模式的分类强对流天气预报方法研究 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
针对雷暴大风、短时强降水、冰雹和龙卷等强对流天气短期预报,采用0.25°×0.2°每天4次日本气象厅(JMA)东亚地区再分析资料计算的百余类对流参数(物理量)及其15 d滑动平均值,根据“邻(临)近”原则对江苏2001—2009年2—9月各类强对流天气进行时间和站点的匹配后,应用相对偏差模糊矩阵评价技术,对上述对流参数进行权重分配和逐次筛选,获得了既体现强对流与气候平均态间明显差异,又体现自身相对稳定的特征对流参数序列。同时,根据历史分类强对流个例中各特征对流参数的频谱分布获得各对流参数的频率分布分段函数,然后基于中尺度数值模式预报的对流参数,综合历史频率分布和权重分配,构建了分类强对流天气预报概率,并以优势概率作为分类判据,做出强对流分类预报。最后建立了业务化系统,以全自动方式提供分类强对流客观预报产品,投入到日常业务和南京青年奥林匹克运动会气象保障服务工作。 相似文献
7.
利用逐日4次1°×1°FNL/NCEP分析资料及多普勒天气雷达、地面自动气象站等观测资料,在对近十年江苏梅雨期龙卷天气的环境特征进行合成分析并提炼对流参数特征值后,着重对2013年7月7日发生在安徽天长至江苏高邮一带导致龙卷的对流风暴的形成和结构特征演变进行了分析。结果表明:江淮梅雨期间,地面中尺度气旋的右侧附近(100 km)、对流层低层中尺度低涡右下方约200~300km处和低空急流左后侧之间区域是龙卷易发区;梅雨期大气环流背景为龙卷的发生提供了对流层低层充沛的水汽和有利的不稳定层结与动力条件,低层气旋性涡度在龙卷发生前强烈发展,边界层内强的垂直风切变促进了龙卷风暴内气旋性涡度的迅速增强,而对流层低层辐合的增强将有利于初始对流的触发;但梅雨期龙卷对对流不稳定能量蓄积条件要求低于冰雹和雷暴大风;龙卷对流参数特征值及其与气候平均值的差异性为龙卷天气的短期预报提供了参考依据。引发2013年7月7日龙卷的对流风暴起源于地面辐合线附近,地面辐合及中尺度锋区的增强有利于对流风暴的快速发展,此次系列龙卷是由一个生命史较长的超级单体风暴产生,该对流风暴具有典型超级单体的回波特征,风暴内的中气旋维持2h之久,中气旋相关参数的演变对龙卷的临近预警有较高的参考价值,当中气旋底高较低且中气旋切变值明显增强时,发生龙卷天气的可能性较大。 相似文献
8.
能量参数在中川机场雷暴预测中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
我国目前的大气探空网, 其时空观测密度尚不足以捕捉强对流天气信号.采用中尺度数值模式MM5对发生在兰州中川机场的5次雷暴天气进行模拟, 利用模拟结果并结合地面观测资料, 计算、分析了雷暴发生、发展过程中一些对流活动指数的变化, 结果表明, 对流有效位势能量(CAPE)和对流抑制能量(CIN)对中川机场雷暴预测有较好的指示意义, 当CAPE＞20 J·kg -1 时就可能出现雷暴, ＞100 J·kg -1 时雷暴较强;经过地面资料修正的CAPE能够更准确地预测雷暴发生时间, 描述雷暴发展过程中的能量积累和释放过程;同时指出, 使用数值模式预测雷暴时, 积分时间不易过长. 相似文献
9.
《高原气象》2018,(6)
利用FY-2G静止卫星资料,采用多光谱综合分析方法,对2016年6月23日江苏盐城特大龙卷强对流灾害天气进行分析,重点分析强对流云微物理特征和识别强对流的卫星信号,并与雷达、TRMM卫星观测资料进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)静止卫星RGB合成图能够可视化、便捷显示云微物理特征与发展趋势,对流云2区云团是产生龙卷的主云团,云系移动缓慢、位置基本保持不变是本次龙卷的特点,致使龙卷始终维持在盐城。(2)归纳出龙卷强对流云微物理特征和卫星信号为云顶高、云顶温度(T_(top))达到-80℃,存在过顶现象;云顶粒子有效半径(Re_(top))小、以小冰粒子为主,云砧结构明显,上部存在云粒子有效半径(Re)随温度(T)递减带;晶化温度(T_g)冷,达到同质冻结温度,对应有效半径(Re_g)小。08:00(北京时) FY-2G已探测到1、2、4区云团具有强对流发展潜势,通过卫星跟踪云团强弱变化,及时发现灾害性强对流天气发生云团,加强对该云团监测,提前预警强对流灾害性天气发生,为静止卫星应用于强对流天气监测预警提供新途径。 相似文献
10.
强对流运动带来的灾害性天气,常给工农业、电讯、交通和人民生命财产造成重大损失。随着气象科学的发展,这些年来在强对流天气的研究上取得了一定进展,并发现了不少新问题。本文对其中几个问题,加以简单评述。 一、强对流天气的局地特征 对流性天气的最一般特征是发生雷暴。其中绝大多数是一般雷暴,其生命期只有半小时左右,但少数对流天气能在一定的环境条件下发展成强雷暴、强雹暴、强雨暴和强风暴等强对流天气。它们在层结分布上有明显的特征。 相似文献
11.
The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
12.
Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
15.
Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
16.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
17.
Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
18.
Analysis of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Height Characteristics over the Arctic Ocean Using the Aircraft and GPS Soundings 
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下载免费PDF全文 正ERRATUM to: Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters, 4(2011), 124-130 On page 126 of the printed edition (Issue 2, Volume 4), Fig. 2 was a wrong figure because the contact author made mistake giving the wrong one. The corrected edition has been updated on our website. The editorial office is sincerely sorry for any 相似文献
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20.
《大气科学进展》2014,(6)
正AN Junling;see LI Ying et al.;(5),1221—1232AN Junling;see QU Yu et al.;(4),787-800AN Junling;see WANG Feng et al.;(6),1331-1342Ania POLOMSKA-HARLICK;see Jieshun ZHU et al.;(4),743-754Baek-Min KIM;see Seong-Joong KIM et al.;(4),863-878BAI Tao;see LI Gang et al.;(1),66-84BAO Qing;see YANG Jing et al.;(5),1147—1156BEI Naifang; 相似文献