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1.
利用中尺度数值模式WRF（weather research and forecasting model）对2006年7月16—17日在我国华南沿海地区引发强降水的中尺度对流系统（mesoscale convective systems,MCS）活动进行了数值模拟,并结合观测资料对此次过程进行分析。结果表明,1）此次MCS活动与0604号强热带风暴“碧利斯”减弱而成的热带低气压及西南季风密切相关。热低压为MCS的发生提供了动力抬升条件,西南季风则承担了输送水汽的角色,二者的持续结合,使华南大部地区中尺度对流系统不断发生和发展,形成强降水。2）该MCS具有明显的不对称结构,云体越向上越向南部伸展,云系主要分布在热低压的南部,呈东北一西南走向的带状。3）模式对此次MCS强降水过程的模拟效果较好,客观地反映了此次MCS的发展演变及雨带的分布状况。4）在广西境内的中尺度对流云团中云水含量较少,冰相粒子的比含水量值很大,主要的降水机制为冰晶降水机制。 相似文献
2.
两类El Niño型对西北太平洋季风槽及热带气旋生成的可能影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对1948~2015年不同El Ni?o事件下西北太平洋季风槽变化和热带气旋(tropical cyclone,TC)生成进行分析,初步探讨了不同El Ni?o型事件对季风槽及其对TC的可能影响。分析结果表明,较东太平洋增暖(eastern Pacific warming,EPW)年,中太平洋增暖(central Pacific warming,CPW)年季风槽偏弱,位置相对偏西、偏北。在CPW年,中(西和东)太平洋海温增暖(降低)引起了从中到西太平洋热带地区的西风异常和中太平洋地区上升运动及对流活动加强,使得季风槽加强东伸,同时西太平洋副高偏弱、偏北,季风槽向北推进;而在EPW年,赤道东(西)太平洋海温增暖(降低)使得赤道地区西风异常显著加强东扩,异常Walker环流的上升支东移至东太平洋,季风活动加强,副高偏强、偏南,这使得季风槽较CPW年相比更强、更偏东。利于TC生成的大尺度环境因子随季风槽强度和位置的变化而发生改变,在CPW年,低层气旋性涡度、高层辐散、高的中层相对湿度以及低垂直风切变区随着季风槽向北移动;而在EPW年,这些因子随季风槽向南、向东偏移。这些大尺度环境因子的变化使得西北太平洋TC生成的位置在CPW年比EPW年更加偏北、偏西。 相似文献
3.
ENSO 与中国东部夏季降水的关联 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
计算1 月减6 月El Niño 3.4 指数与6—8 月平均200、850 hPa 风场的相关矢量,分析中等或强ElNiño/La Niña 事件后的夏季(6—8 月)中国东部降水异常分布、西太平洋副热带高压异常特征。结果表明,对ENSO 的响应,无论高、底层大气环流还是西太平洋副热带高压,1970 年代中期气候突变后变为更敏感。主要表现在:对衰减的El Niño 的响应,夏季南亚高压偏东,西太平洋副热带高压偏强、偏西、偏南,印度季风、南海季风减弱,黄河下游以南副热带季风增强。黄河中下游及以南形成异常环流辐合带,由El Niño 导致的降水正异常最有可能出现在这一西南-东北的带状区域。对衰减的La Niña 响应大致相反。 相似文献
4.
Summary A mesoscale convective system (MCS) case that developed over the Yellow Sea (12–13 July 1993) is studied by using a 23-level,
30 km-mesh Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model MM5. This MCS was generated in northern China, south of the Changma front, in a
convectively unstable environment, under the influence of a short-wave trough accompanied by a marked cold vortex aloft.
The model with all model physics (refereed to as CNTL) captured the major features of this MCS. A mesoscale low-level jet
(mLLJ), with a horizontal scale of a few hundred km, developed within the MCS. Available wind data support the realism of
this mLLJ. This mLLJ not only transports convectively unstable air directly toward the MCS but is also responsible for a strong
low-level convergence in the MCS. At 200 hPa, an anticyclonic northwesterly flow with a relatively high wind speed core on
the east of MCS was simulated. This relatively high-speed flow can be regarded as a mesoscale upper level jet (mULJ), acted
as an upper outflow over the MCS. Low-level convergence on the left-front of the mLLJ and upper divergence in the right-rear
of the mULJ creates a strong upward motion (≅ 40 cm s−1) in the MCS.
Heavy precipitation up to 45 mm between 1800–2100 UTC was observed after this MCS landed on the southern Korean Peninsula.
The CNTL run captured this heavy rainfall event. A maximum rainfall of 50 mm 3 h−1 was simulated. In another experiment, with surface sensible and moisture fluxes withheld (NOSF), the 3-h simulated rainfall
was decreased to 30 mm. Less latent heat released in the NOSF led to a weaker MCS and mLLJ. The concurrent surface fluxes
sustained a high low-level moisture field over the Yellow Sea, which helped the development of the MCS and enhanced its precipitation
in this case.
Received January 8, 1999 相似文献
5.
1. Introduction The strong convective weather is developed under the favorable large-scale circulations, which demon- strated the large-scale weather system's controlling ef- fect on strong convections. Once the convection is formed, it will produce the feedback effect on the large-scale environmental conditions by transporting momentum, heat and moisture upward, and influence or change the environmental wind, humidity, tem- perature, atmospheric stratification fields and so on, thus forming t… 相似文献
6.
A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998 Part Ⅱ: Effect of Mesoscale Convective Systems on Large-Scale Fields 
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下载免费PDF全文 LIU Yanju DING Yihui 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2005,19(3):289-301
The apparent heat sources and apparent moisture sinks, and large-scale wind, temperature as well as the surface pressure fields during the summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea (SCS) in 1998 were diagnosed. The results suggested that there was a kind of positive feedback mechanism between large-scale circulations and mesoscale convective systems (MCSs). Before the monsoon onset, the largescale background provided favorable synoptic and dynamic conditions for the summer monsoon onset and the formation of mesoscale convective activities, whereas after the summer monsoon onset, occurrence of the persistent and extensive mesoscale convective activities produced obvious feedback effect on large-scale circulations. Because of the release of latent heating produced by enhanced convective activities, the intense atmospheric heating appeared over the northern SCS, which resulted in: (1) the meridional temperature gradient over the SCS reversed from upper-level to low-level and then the large-scale circulations were changed seasonally;(2) correspondingly, the surface pressure over the northern SCS deepened continually and formed a broad monsoon trough and the obvious pressure-fall areas, thus making the subtropical high move out of the SCS eventually;(3) with the development of the low pressure circulations in the middle and low troposphere, the MCSs further enhanced and extended southward, which was conducive to the SCS monsoon onset and maintenance over the middle and southern SCS;and (4) the deepening of monsoon trough facilitated the monsoon flow and moisture transport on its southern side, thus the monsoon onset reaching peak period. 相似文献
7.
8.
对流层中层中尺度涡旋在台风榴莲(2001)生成中的作用—数值模拟及验证 总被引：4，自引：1，他引：3
西太平洋热带气旋（TC）的生成和季风槽及中尺度对流系统（MCS）的活动有密切关系,但以往这方面的实例数值模拟很少。为了进一步探讨由MCS对流强迫产生的对流层中层中尺度涡旋（MCV）在TC生成中的作用,作者利用非静力平衡的中尺度模式PSU/NCAR MM5对台风榴莲（2001）的生成过程进行了高分辨率（6 km）数值模拟和比较验证。结果表明:模式成功地模拟出榴莲的生成地点,其与MCS的相对位置关系与以往的观测研究结果一致;模拟的TC移动路径、强度变化与最优观测报告比较接近,准确反映了TC未来登陆地点,以及中心气压缓慢下降和迅速下降两个阶段;对云系演变的模拟,成功模拟出了TC初生时的涡旋云系和季风槽中MCS云系的分离现象,以及在TC登陆前达到成熟阶段时出现的台风眼和螺旋云带。此外,模式还成功模拟出中层MCV,它的水平尺度约200 km,位于800~400 hPa之间,具有暖心结构等,均与已有观测结果相近。模式初始场中包含有充分的MCS信息,是模拟取得成功的关键因素之一。 相似文献
9.
该文利用多种气象资料（包括常规观测、卫星云图、自动气象站、多普勒气象雷达以及风廓线仪资料），综合分析了2002年8月24日发生在长江三角洲的一次飑线过程。发现该飑线产生于一个中尺度对流系统（MCS）当中，地面冷锋、副高边缘的高能水汽输送带与高空小槽配合，使该MCS得以发展和加强，副高南撤和下游有利的动力和层结条件使得MCS中的雷暴群发展为飑线，并迅速东移南压，产生了大范围雷雨大风天气。多普勒雷达、自动站及风廓线仪的资料还很好地揭示了该飑线的发生、发展、爆发过程及其回波和风场的空间结构特点。 相似文献
10.
南海夏季风对强热带风暴Bilis(0604)引发暴雨的影响 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
Bilis(0604)是一个登陆后长久维持并造成了特大暴雨的强热带风暴.通过对常规观测资料、雷达资料和红外卫星云图的分析,发现暴雨过程中不断有中尺度对流系统(MCSs)产生和发展,这些MCSs是造成强暴雨的主要中尺度系统.在此基础上用中尺度模式MM5对Bilis登陆后66 h的过程进行了数值模拟,模拟的雨带和雨量与实况较符合.利用模拟结果,对MCSs的发展过程和特征作了分析,发现Bilis的低压环流和南海夏季风在华南一带交汇,使得华南一带多中尺度涡旋、辐合中心和中尺度辐合线发展,这些系统为中尺度对流系统的生成和维持提供了有利的环境.敏感性试验表明,南海夏季风输送暖湿气流为暴雨区补充不稳定能量和水汽,对暴雨的产生具有十分重要的作用. 相似文献
11.
利用各种观测资料和NCEP/NCAR 1×1°再分析资料,对2012年7月30日夜间和31日夜间鲁西北连续两天强降雨天气进行诊断和对比分析。结果表明:强降水产生在西风槽前和副热带高压边缘的偏南暖湿气流中,西风槽稳定少动,台风在东南沿海北上,副高加强北抬,为鲁西北连续两天的强降水提供了天气尺度背景。925hPa及以下的低层,来自于渤海的偏东气流和来自于华东沿海的东南气流同时向鲁西北强降水区输送水汽,低层比湿大,CAPE和K指数较高。第1次强降水产生在偏南气流的暖区中,降水强度大,维持时间短。第2次强降水期间,低层有冷空气锲入,把暖湿气流抬升,前期为对流性降水,中后期转为稳定性降水,降水强度小,维持时间较长。850hPa及以下倒槽式切变线和中尺度低涡环流是造成强降水的中尺度影响系统,近地面层来自于渤海的东北气流与来自于东南沿海的东南暖湿气流形成中尺度涡旋,产生气旋式辐合上升,触发对流不稳定能量释放。对流云团在鲁西北形成长形的中尺度对流系统(MCS),稳定少动,有明显的列车效应和后向传播特征。强降水具有较强的日变化,夜间发展增强,白天减弱。 相似文献
12.
Summary This study analyzes the mechanisms of the development of a heavy rainfall event (17 June 1987) over the lee side of the Central
Mountain Range (CMR) in northeastern Taiwan during the southwesterly monsoon. This heavy rainfall event was examined using
gridded data from the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, surface rainfall data and numerical model results,
employing a non-hydrostatic fifth-generation mesoscale model (MM5) developed by the National Center for Atmospheric Research
and Pennsylvania State University. A tropical depression was simulated over the northern South China Sea on 16 June. Convergence,
resulting from the southeasterly winds associated with the circulation from the tropical depression, and northeasterly winds
over the Taiwan Strait, occurred over the northern Bashi Channel at 850 hPa. The convergence amplified planetary vorticity
and the vorticity associated with the intensifying tropical depression. Consequently, a mesovortex with low pressure over
the northeastern edge of the tropical depression near southern Taiwan was produced. Additional convergence over the ocean
adjacent to southern Taiwan caused by the interaction between the northeasterly flow, which was deflected over the southeastern
slope of the CMR, and the southeasterly flow of the tropical depression, also affected the intensity of the mesovortex. When
the mesovortex moved northward and reached southern Taiwan, the southeasterly flow associated with it interacted with an east-southeasterly
flow, which was related to the tropical depression, to form a mesoscale convective system (MCS) over the ocean adjacent to
southeastern Taiwan. As the mesovortex moved northward, the MCS, which was embedded in the southeasterly flow, also drifted
inland toward northeastern Taiwan. The orographic lifting and the ascending motion associated with the deceleration of the
easterly flow near the CMR enhanced the MCS over northeastern Taiwan and produced heavy rainfall.
To examine the role of Taiwan’s orography on the modelled rainfall, two simulations were conducted; one which included Taiwan’s
orography and one which excluded it. In both simulations, the mesovortex in the northern Bashi Channel and the MCS near southeastern
Taiwan were reproduced. However, in the simulation excluding the orography, the mesovortex was slightly less intense. In addition,
without the extra orographic lifting and the ascending motion caused by flow deceleration, rainfall over northeastern Taiwan
was weaker than in the simulation with the orography. 相似文献
13.
A complex convective cloud with a horizontal scale area of more than 100 km, known as the mesoscale convective system (MCS), is important to the study as it brings heavy rainfall from its activity. The analysis of MCS with the flood-producing storm on the Indonesian Maritime Continent (IMC) receives less attention. The purpose of this study is to identify and evaluate the temporal variability of the MCS to the frequency of flood-producing storms in Greater Jakarta (GJ) during the 2013–2015 wet season. The image data of Multi-functional Transport Satellite (MTSAT) -1R, which represents an equivalent blackbody temperature (TBB), and the tracking algorithm “Grab ‘em Tag ‘em Graph ‘em” (GTG) were used to detect the events of MCS. We also used a rainfall graph in this analysis to measure rainfall threshold values in order to classify flood-producing storms. The results show that MCS around GJ has typical characteristics of tropical belt regions. There is a small TBB scale (maximum size ≥13,000 km2) distinguished by a deep cloud up to 14 km in height. Through the active effects of monsoon and ITCZ, the land-breeze and/or sea-breeze circulations that contribute to MCS growth are triggered. However, about 32 percent of the MCS contributed to the flood-producing storm around the GJ region. 相似文献
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15.
Summary A community mesoscale model is used to simulate and understand processes that led to the formation and intensification of
the near-equatorial typhoon Vamei that formed in the South China Sea in December, 2001. The simulated typhoon resembles the
observed in that it had a short lifetime and a small size, formed near the equator (south of 2° N), and reached category-one
intensity. The formation involved the interactions between the scales of the background cyclonic circulation (the Borneo Vortex
of order ∼100 km) and of mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs, in the order ∼10 km). Before tropical cyclone formation MCVs
formed along a convergent, horizontal shear vorticity line on the eastern edge of an exceptionally strong monsoonal northerly
wind surge.
The typhoon genesis is marked by three rapid intensification periods, which are associated with the rapid growth of potential
vorticity (PV). A vorticity budget analysis reveals that the increases in low-level vorticity during the rapid intensification
periods are attributed to enhanced horizontal vorticity fluxes into the storm core. The increase of the horizontal vorticity
flux is associated with the merging of areas of high PV associated with MCVs into the storm core as they are advected by background
cyclonic flows. The increases in PV at upper levels are associated with the evaporation of upper level stratiform precipitation
and increases of vertical potential temperature gradient below the maximum stratiform cloud layer. It appears that two key
sources of PV at upper and lower levels are crucial for the build up of high PV and a deepening of a cyclonic layer throughout
the troposphere. 相似文献
16.
A Study on the Mesoscale Convective Systems during the Summer Monsoon Onset over the South China Sea in 1998 Part Ⅰ: Analysis of Large-Scale Fields for Occurrence and Development of the Mesoscale Convective Systems 下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 LIU Yanju DING Yihui ZHAO Nan 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》2005,19(3):275-288
The summer monsoon onset over the northern South China Sea (SCS) in May 16-20, 1998 was characterized by the abrupt onset of mesoscale convective activities and rapid increase of precipitation. The possible mechanism for formation of the mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) and related rain belts were revealed through discussing their forming physical conditions under the large-scale background: (1) The high pseudo-equivalent potential temperature and the convective instability in the lower troposphere, the low-level southwesterly confluence and the high-level divergence over South China and the northern SCS provided the favorable large-scale thermodynamic and dynamic conditions for development of MCSs. The southwesterly flow from the Bay of Bengal (BOB) interacted with that to the western flank of the subtropical high, which constituted the major moisture channels, thus bringing about deep wet layers and strong moisture convergence;(2) triggered by several cold troughs from high and mid latitudes, the convectively unstable energy was released and the convective activities over the northern SCS broke out abruptly;(3)analysis of retrieved precipitation based on the dual-Doppler radar during South China Sea Monsoon Experiment (SCSMEX) indicated that active convection influenced by the monsoon trough and corresponding wind shear line organized and formed continually some mesoscale convective rainbelts. During May 15-19,about 12 precipitation processes with 6-12-hour life span or more were observed;and (4) under the favorable synoptic conditions, establishment of the monsoon trough and shear line in the low levels, as well as production and development of mesoscale low vortex were all necessary conditions for the formation and maintenance of MCSs. 相似文献
17.
1. Introduction China is located in the East Asian monsoon re- gion. Every year's weather and climate in this region is deeply affected by the monsoon activities. Es- pecially, during flooding season (May to September), the summer monsoon controls large-scale precipitation patterns, the movement of seasonal rain belt and oc- currence of drought/flood disasters. The Asian mon- soon can be divided into two systems (Tao and Chen, 1987). As a major component and its unique location, the South … 相似文献
18.
一个高空槽前中尺度对流系统发生发展过程和机制研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
2008年7月6日20时—7日14时,高空低槽前云系产生了一条从广西南宁市到环江县东西宽约80km、南北长达350km的暴雨带,槽前云系南段一个中尺度对流系统在上林县产生了降雨量达265.0mm的特大暴雨。使用常规资料和FY-2C卫星云图、多普勒天气雷达和自动气象站等非常规观测资料进行分析。当高空槽移过青藏高原后,从卫星云图和等熵面分析图上可以检测到槽后有干空气东南下,干空气经云贵高原下沉到桂西和越南北部后,在槽底附近转折向东侵入到桂中,在上林县附近形成一个中尺度涡旋和中尺度负变压中心,中尺度对流系统在中尺度涡旋及中尺度负变压中心上空发生、发展并产生了强降雨,而中尺度涡旋和中尺度负变压中心的出现超前于强降雨约2h。研究表明,中尺度对流系统发生、发展的有利条件是:(1)槽前偏南暖湿气流向桂中暴雨区输送充足的水汽并形成了位势不稳定,为中尺度对流系统的发生发展提供了环境条件;(2)在上林县附近形成的中尺度涡旋辐合上升运动抬升暖湿气流触发对流而形成了中尺度对流系统;(3)对流单体沿低空切变线传播发展并入中尺度对流系统,使中尺度对流系统得以发展和维持。给出了中尺度对流系统发生发展机制的二维概念模型。 相似文献
19.
Bilis （0604） is a strong tropical storm that sustained over land for a long time, bringing torrential rain. With conventional observation data, radar data and infrared satellite imagery, Mesoscale Convective Systems （MCSs） are found to form and develop successively, which cause torrential rain. Then numerical simulation is conducted using MM5 to simulate a 66-h post-landfall process. The simulated distribution and intensity of precipitation match the observation well. With the simulated result, the characteristics and process of MCS development are analyzed with the finding that the convergence of the tropical depression and South China Sea （SCS） summer monsoon over The south of China causes the formation of a mesoscale vortex, mesoscale convergence center and mesoscale convergence line, which are favorable to the development and sustaining of the MCSs. A sensitivity experiment indicates that the SCS summer monsoon transports unstable energy and water vapor continuously, which is of vital importance to rainstorms. 相似文献
20.
利用常规观测资料、ECMWF ERA-Interim 0.125°×0.125°分析资料、FY-2G卫星云图和多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2017年8月18-19日漯河极端降水的中尺度特征及降水成因进行分析。结果表明:(1)本次过程在200 hPa高空分流区、500 hPa高空槽以及副热带高压、低层急流切变、地面低压倒槽等天气尺度系统合理配置及其相互作用下发生。(2)探空显示漯河上空具有较高的对流潜势,有利于中尺度雨团初生和发展。低层饱和、厚暖云层、弱风切变有利于暴雨云团产生,高CAPE值、高比湿和高降水效率是极端雨团的重要原因。(3)中尺度对流云团一个随槽前西南气流东移北上,一个随低层切变线南压,相向合并发展为MβCS,有利于暴雨云团增强。不同于以往本地区的云团"同向合并",持续的列车效应以及低质心高效率的中尺度对流单体后向传播导致强回波长时间维持,极端降水发展。(4)地面中尺度辐合线和强辐合中心对强降水起到动力触发作用,有利于对流发展。冷池出流与交汇北上的东南风和偏东风相互作用,导致水平温度梯度增大形成和冷池前侧锋生加强,一方面致使雨团组织化发展和单体后向传播,另一方面也在降水区下游触发新生雨团,冷池持续增强。(5)本次过程整层风场较弱,且低层气流传播速度大于引导气流速度,平移与传播方向的反向夹角大,导致两者矢量和大幅度偏离了引导气流方向,同时产生的减速效应导致暴雨中尺度系统移动缓慢,导致极端降水形成。 相似文献