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1.
2008年初广西罕见低温雨雪冰冻天气的成因初探 总被引：2，自引：3，他引：2
利用广西1971~2000年地面气象资料记录和Micaps提供的常规地面、高空观测资料,对2008年1月12日~2月5日广西低温雨雪冰冻天气成因进行分析,结果表明,欧亚地区出现罕见、持续而稳定的大气环流异常形势,是造成这次低温雨雪冰冻天气的直接原因。这种大气环流异常形势主要表现在:(1)长时间持续的中高纬度欧亚地区的大气环流呈现西高东低分布,有利于强冷空气自西北方向沿河西走廊连续不断入侵中国;(2)青藏高原南缘的南支低压槽活跃,促使西南方向暖湿空气沿云贵高原向中国输送;(3)由于冷暖空气交汇区,暖湿空气在上,在对流层中低层形成稳定的逆温层,是广西北部地区大范围冻雨出现的主要原因。 相似文献
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In this paper, we first analyzed cloud drift wind(CDW) data distribution in the vertical direction, and then reassigned the height of every CDW in the research domain in terms of background information, and finally, conducted contrast numerical experiments of assimilating the CDW data before and after reassignment to examine the impacts on the forecast of the track of Typhoon Chanthu(1003) from 00:00(Coordinated Universal Time) 21 July to 00:00 UTC23 July, 2010. The analysis results of the CDW data indicate that the number of CDWs is mainly distributed in the midand upper-troposphere above 500 h Pa, with the maximum number at about 300 h Pa. The height reassigning method mentioned in this work may update the height effectively, and the CDW data are distributed reasonably and no obvious contradiction occurs in the horizontal direction after height reassignment. After assimilating the height-reassigned CDW data, especially the water vapor CDW data, the initial wind field around Typhoon Chanthu(1003) became more reasonable, and then the steering current leading the typhoon to move to the correct location became stronger. As a result, the numerical track predictions are improved. 相似文献
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In this paper,the observational data from Marine and Meteorological Observation Platform(MMOP)at Bohe,Maoming and buoys located in Shanwei and Maoming are used to study the characteristics of air-sea temperature and specific humidity difference and the relationship between wind and wave with the tropical cyclones over the South China Sea(SCS).The heat and momentum fluxes from eddy covariance measurement(EC)are compared with these fluxes calculated by the COARE 3.0 algorithm for Typhoon Koppu.The results show that at the developing and weakening stages of Koppu,both these differences between the sea surface and the near-surface atmosphere from the MMOP are negative,and data from the buoys also indicate that the differences are negative between the sea surface and near-surface atmosphere on the right rear portion of tropical cyclones(TCs)Molave and Chanthu.However,the differences are positive on the left front portion of Molave and Chanthu.These positive differences suggest that the heat flux is transferred from the ocean to the atmosphere,thus intensifying and maintaining the two TCs.The negative differences indicate that the ocean removes heat fluxes from the atmosphere,thus weakening the TCs.The wind-wave curves of TCs Molave and Chanthu show that significant wave height increases linearly with 2-min wind speed at 10-m height when the wind speed is less than 25 m/s,but when the wind speed is greater than 25 m/s,the significant wave height increases slightly with the wind speed.By comparing the observed sensible heat,latent heat,and friction velocity from EC with these variables from COARE 3.0 algorithm,a great bias between the observed and calculated sensible heat and latent heat fluxes is revealed,and the observed friction velocity is found to be almost the same as the calculated friction velocity. 相似文献
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EVOLUTION OF LIQUID WATER CONTENT IN A SEA FOG CONTROLLED BY A HIGH-PRESSURE PATTERN 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
On March 16–17, 2008, a sea fog occurred in Dianbai in the west of Guangdong Province and was accompanied by a high-pressure synoptic system. Using comprehensive observation datasets, this study analyzes the evolution of liquid water content during this sea fog and investigates the relationships between liquid water content and the average diameters and count densities of fog droplets, air temperature, wind speed and turbulence exchanges. The main results are presented as follows. (1) The sea fog showed a quasi-periodic oscillation characteristic, i.e., it developed, disappeared and then developed again. (2) During the sea fog, the number of fog droplets changed significantly while the changes in average diameter of the fog droplets were relatively small. The development and disappearance of the sea fog correlated significantly with the fog droplet numbers. (3) The air-cooling mechanism played a significant role in sea fog formation and development. However, the influences of this mechanism were not evident during fog persistence. (4) During sea fog formation, weak turbulence exchanges were helpful for fog formation. During sea fog development and persistence, liquid water content increased when turbulence exchanges weakened, and vice versa. The changes in turbulence exchanges were closely related to the quasi-periodic oscillations observed in sea fog presence. 相似文献
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台风"灿都"造成云南强降水过程的水汽螺旋度诊断分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
利用地面加密观测、Micaps资料和NCEP1°×1°再分析资料对1003号"灿都"台风造成云南暴雨进行诊断分析。结果表明:台风低压为高温高湿且具有强对流不稳定的深厚系统。进入云南后除了自身携带的大量水汽和能量外,先后有副热带高压西侧强盛偏南急流和孟加拉湾西南气流卷入,使得台风低压在云南持久不衰,并产生全省性强降水。诊断量"水汽螺旋度"对暴雨落区和强度有较好的对应关系,强降水多发生在水汽螺旋度正值中心的偏南侧。"水汽螺旋度"随时间变化的两个影响因子"螺旋度通量散度"和"湿螺旋度散度"对强降水的落区和强度也有较好的指示作用。若是分别对两个因子进行诊断,再综合分析环流形势,将能达到更好的强降水预报效果。 相似文献
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利用2008年1月甘肃省连阴雪实况资料及同期欧洲中期天气预报中心(ECWMF)逐日客观分析场资料、 1951\_2000年NCEP/NCAR500 hPa高度再分析资料, 分析了甘肃省持续20天之久的低温连阴雪天气的特征, 以及这次过程形成和发展的天气气候原因, 并针对过程中强降雪发生时段进行了完全矢量散度诊断及数值模拟分析。结果表明： 2008年1月甘肃省的低温连阴雪天气具有降雪异常偏多、 气温异常偏低、 持续时间长等特点, 属60年不遇。大气环流的异常及稳定维持为连阴雪天气的发生提供了气候背景, 具体表现在阻塞形势建立并长时间异常维持, 西太平洋副热带高压的异常加强西伸、 维持。阻高崩溃及副热带高压减弱东退, 促使这次连阴雪过程减弱、 结束。诊断分析和MM5数值模拟结果表明, 高低空形势场以及中尺度的动力、 湿度因素的有效配合为较强降雪的出现提供了必要条件。在甘肃南部到中部出现较强降雪时, 青藏高原南支槽前有一支明显的偏南风向北输送, 并在高原东南侧形成辐合, 同时在高原中部也有明显的高原切变线发展东移。强降雪对应区域上空有明显的低层辐合、 高层辐散, 而且垂直上升运动发展旺盛。 相似文献
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In this paper,by carrying out sensitivity tests of initial conditions and diagnostic analysis of physical fields,the impact factors and the physical mechanism of the unusual track of Morakot in the Taiwan Strait are discussed and examined based on the potential vorticity(PV)inversion.The diagnostic results of NCEP data showed that Morakot’s track was mainly steered by the subtropical high.The breaking of a high-pressure zone was the main cause for the northward turn of Morakot.A sensitivity test of initial conditions showed that the existence of upper-level trough was the leading factor for the breaking of the high-pressure zone.When the intensity was strengthened of the upper-level trough at initial time,the high-pressure zone would break ahead of time,leading to the early northward turn of Morakot.Conversely,when the intensity was weakened,the breaking of the high-pressure zone would be delayed.Especially,when the intensity was weakened to a certain extent,the high-pressure zone would not break.The typhoon,steered by the easterly flow to the south of the high-pressure zone,would keep moving westward,with no turn in the test.The diagnostic analysis of the physical fields based on the sensitivity test revealed that positive vorticity advection and cold advection associated with the upper-level trough weakened the intensity of the high-pressure zone.The upper-level trough affected typhoon’s track indirectly by influencing the high-pressure zone. 相似文献
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The current work examines the impact of the snow cover extent (SCE) of the Tibetan Plateau (TP) on the interannual variation in the summer (June?July?August) surface air temperature (SAT) over Central Asia (CA) (SAT_CA) during the 1979?2019 period. The leading mode of the summer SAT_CA features a same-sign temperature anomalies in CA and explains 62% of the total variance in SAT_CA. The atmospheric circulation associated with a warming SAT_CA is characterized by a pronounced high-pressure system dominating CA. The high-pressure system is accompanied by warm advection as well as descending motion over CA, favoring the warming of the SAT_CA. Analysis shows that the interannual variation in the summer SAT_CA is significantly positively correlated with the April SCE over the central-eastern TP. In April, higher than normal SCE over the central-eastern TP has a pronounced cooling effect on the column of the atmosphere above the TP and can persist until the following early summer. Negative and positive height anomalies appear above and to the west of the TP. In the following months, the perturbation forcing generated by the TP SCE anomalies lies near the western center of the Asian subtropical westerly jet (SWJ), which promotes atmospheric waves in the zonal direction guided by the Asian SWJ. Associated with this atmospheric wave, in the following summer, a significant high-pressure system dominates CA, which is a favorable condition for a warm summer SAT_CA. 相似文献
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This paper reviews briefly advances in recent research on monsoon by Chinese scholars, including primarily： （1） the establishment of various monsoon indices. In particular, the standardized dynamic seasonal variability index of the monsoon can delimit the geographical distribution of global monsoon systems and determine quantitatively the date of abrupt change in circulation. （2） The provision of three driving forces for the generation of monsoon. （3） The revelation of the heating-pump action of the Tibetan Plateau, which strengthens southerlies in the southern and southeastern periphery of the Plateau and results in a strong rainfall center from the northern Bay of Bengal （BOB） to the Plateau itself. （4） Clarification of the initial onset of the Asian Summer Monsoon （ASM） in the BOB east of 90°E, Indochina Peninsula （ICP） and the South China Sea, of which the rapid northward progression of tropical convection in the Sumatra and the rapid westward movement of the South Asia High to the Indochina Peninsula are the earliest signs. （5） The provision of an integrated mechanism for the onset of the East Asian Summer Monsoon （EASM）, which emphasizes the integrated impact of sensible heat over Indian Peninsula, the warm advection of the Tibetan Plateau and the sensible heat and latent heat over the Indochina Peninsula on the one hand, and the seasonal phase-lock effect of the northward propagation of low frequency oscillation on the other. （6） The revelation of the ＂planetary-scale moisture transport large-value band＂ from the Southern Hemisphere through to the Asian monsoon region and into the North Pacific, which is converged by several large-scale moisture transport belts in the Asian-Australian monsoon regions and whose variation influences directly the temporal and spatial distribution of summer rainfall in China. （7） Presenting the features of the seasonal advance of the EASM, the propagation of intraseasonal oscillation, and their relationship with rainfall in Ch 相似文献
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2005年初夏云南严重干旱的诊断分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：6
利用MM5V3.6模式对2005年4月25日一次典型的西南涡影响下的广西强降水过程进行了数值模拟与诊断分析,结果表明,在500hPa低槽、700hPa西南涡东南移的过程中,在西南涡的南端,由于对流层高层高值干位涡下传引起低层气旋性涡度增加,低涡向南伸出一低槽,使西南涡发展成“北涡南槽”形式,广西强降水出现在西南涡的南伸低槽附近。西南涡的南伸低槽附近垂直剖面上为等θe线陡立密集区,700hPa上MPV1<0,MPV2>0,低层有强烈辐合,高层有强烈辐散,从低层到高层都有上升运动。螺旋度对强降水的落区以及造成强降水的中尺度系统的发展有较好的指示性,它反映了大气的动力场特征,运用螺旋度作强降水预报还要结合水汽和不稳定条件。 相似文献
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利用WRF3.8.1模式,采用Thompson云微物理参数化方案,对南京2014年6月初的一次暴雨过程进行模拟;设置多组数值试验,从中选取清洁和严重污染两组试验,对比分析低、高云凝结核浓度对此次降水的影响。结果表明：1）Thompson方案对此次降水过程具有一定的再现能力,但对24 h累积降水量的模拟整体偏低,且随云凝结核浓度的上升,累积降水量增加。较高的云凝结核浓度有利于强降水中心强度增强、降水范围扩大,而对较弱降水中心则有相反的影响。2）云凝结核浓度的增加将抑制云滴向雨滴的转化,使更多云滴被输送到对流层中层,对流层低层的暖云过程被抑制。3）云凝结核浓度的增加使对流层中层的过冷云水增加,促进过冷云水向霰的转化,也促进雪的淞附过程,这有利于冷云过程的发展。4）云凝结核浓度的增加对暖云过程具有负反馈作用,对冷云过程具有正反馈作用。 相似文献
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利用气象及其灾情等资料,对2020年广西区域性暴雨灾害天气过程进行综合分析,并与历史同期的气候作比较,在此基础上对其进行综述。结果表明:(1)年初至春季出现冬春暴雨,比常年偏早、偏强。(2)前汛期5月底到6月上旬出现了破历史记录的暴雨灾害,具有时间长、雨量大、强降雨叠加及灾害重等特点。(3)6月底出现站点破历史记录的全区性暴雨。(4)后汛期影响台风个数偏少,受“海高斯”影响出现全区性暴雨。(5)全年区域性以上暴雨场数比常年少。通过对2020年广西暴雨灾害的综述分析,加深对广西暴雨灾害整体性认识,对今后做好预报业务提供有益参考。 相似文献
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引入对流凝结潜热作用对非均匀饱和大气中非地转湿Q矢量的改进研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
结合2009年第8号台风"莫拉克"登陆福建省引发的强降水过程,通过考虑对流凝结潜热加热,探讨了对非均匀饱和大气中非地转湿Q矢量(Qum)的改进。结果表明:(1)2009年8月9日08:00(北京时,下同)～10日08:00台风"莫拉克"给浙江大部分地区和福建中北部地区带来了一次暴雨过程,WRF模式较成功地模拟出了此次强降水过程。(2)850hPa Qum矢量散度场对同期降水落区具有一定指示意义,散度辐合强度变化与降水强度变化趋势有一定的对应关系。(3)此次暴雨过程中伴有大量的对流凝结潜热释放,最大潜热中心主要位于600hPa。(4)考虑对流凝结潜热加热作用得到改进的Qum矢量,600hPa改进后的Qum矢量散度辐合区对同期降水落区的指示作用得到进一步增强,诊断能力也得到进一步提高。 相似文献
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基于稳定度和能量指标作强对流天气的短时预报指标分析 总被引：9，自引：2，他引：9
主要基于1995—2001年强对流天气过程和高空探测资料,计算了K指数、A指数、位势不稳定指标以及能量平衡高度、位势不稳定能量等指标,并进行量化检验和预报指标的对比。结果表明:(1)A指数、K指数的数值大小对于强对流天气的预报具有一定效果。(2)位势不稳定指标I在安徽南方应用比北方的预报效果好,安徽南北方I的临界值有差异,北方I的临界值小,南方I的临界值大。(3)逐年的能量平衡高度和位势不稳定能量都可以分为两个阶段,第一阶段能量平衡高度高于350 hPa且处于极值是强对流天气预报的重要指标。总温度较高、饱和总温度较高、位势不稳定能量较高时,能量平衡高度较高;反之,能量平衡高度较低。这种对应关系可以通过α=0.01的显著性水平检验。(4)强对流天气过程期间,能量平衡高度较高。随着位势不稳定能量的增大,出现强对流天气的可能性也增大。 相似文献
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2007年7月7—9日淮河流域梅雨锋雨带特征分析 总被引：3，自引：3，他引：0
针对2007年7月7—9日发生在淮河流域的暴雨,采用NCEP1°×1°客观分析资料、6h地面观测降水资料,对此次降水过程中雨带发生、发展进行天气动力学分析。结论如下:(1)暴雨区位于高空急流入口区南侧、南亚高压辐散场东侧,该区域对流层高层为反气旋控制区,有利于低层低值系统的发展;(2)处于非热成风不平衡状态下的低空强急流带形成以后,对于雨带分布以及暴雨发展产生重要影响;(3)视热源、视水汽汇廓线在垂直方向上的变化,体现了水汽凝结潜热释放加热环境大气的作用;(4)基于p坐标系的比湿垂直输送正值带可以较好地示踪雨带移动。 相似文献
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Admir Créso Targino Patricia Krecl Guilherme Conor Coraiola 《Theoretical and Applied Climatology》2014,117(1-2):73-87
Air temperature was monitored at 13 sites across the urban perimeter of a Brazilian midsize city in winter 2011. In this study, we show that the urban heat island (UHI) develops only at night and under certain weather conditions, and its intensity depends not only on the site's land cover but also on the meteorological setting. The urban heat island intensity was largest (6.6 °C) under lingering high-pressure conditions, milder (3.0 °C) under cold anticyclones and almost vanished (1.0 °C) during the passage of cold fronts. The cooling rates were calculated to monitor the growth and decay of the UHI over each specific synoptic setting. Over four contiguous days under the effect of a lingering high-pressure event, we observed that the onset of cooling was always at about 2 h before sunset. The reference site attained mean cooling rate of ?2.6 °C h?1 at sunset, whilst the maximum urban rate was ?1.2 °C h?1. Under a 3-day cold anticyclone episode, cooling also started about 2 h before sunset, and the difference between maximum rural (?2.0 °C h?1) and urban (?1.0 °C h?1) cooling rates diminished. Under cold-front conditions, the cooling rate was homogeneous for all sites and swang about zero throughout the day. The air temperature has a memory effect under lingering high-pressure conditions which intensified the UHI, in addition to the larger heat storage in the urban area. Cold anticyclone conditions promoted the development of the UHI; however, the cold air pool and relatively light winds smoothed out its intensity. Under the influence of cold fronts, the urban fabric had little effect on the city's air temperature field, and the UHI was imperceptible. 相似文献
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安徽一次大范围暴雨和大风过程的成因分析 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
对2010年6月8日08时—9日08时发生在安徽麦收区的一次大范围暴雨和大风过程进行天气学分析,分析结果表明:在低层辐合、高层辐散的有利环流配置条件下,高压的阻挡、低空西南急流和低空东风急流是形成这次暴雨的最主要原因。高压阻挡使降雨维持的时间较长,两支低空急流不仅为暴雨区提供了充沛的水汽,而且两者之间的相互作用使得降雨进一步增强。通过对低空东风急流的作用做深入分析发现:低空东风急流的存在不仅使低空西南急流输送的水汽在其左侧累积,而且低空东风急流上的正涡度平流也迫使江淮气旋向麦收区方向缓慢移动,并使其不断发展,进一步加大了江淮气旋移动前方的气压梯度,使风力加大,东风急流进一步加强,形成正反馈机制。另外东风急流的动量下传又使得地面出现偏东大风。 相似文献