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1.
内核及外围尺度与热带气旋强度关系的初步研究 总被引：7，自引：2，他引：5
基于日本气象厅（JMA）区域谱模式（RSM）20 km分辨率的再分析资料,计算并统计了2001—2007年西北太平洋热带气旋逐6小时（共2 174个样本）的内核及外围尺度特征,初步分析了内核及外围尺度分别与热带气旋强度变化的关系。结果表明,外围尺度的增大（减小）有利于热带气旋的增强（减弱）;内核区较大（最大风速半径大于120 km）时,内核区的收缩（放大）有利于热带气旋的增强（减弱）;对于较小（最大风速半径不足120 km）内核区的热带气旋,其内核区的收缩（放大）反而易使热带气旋减弱（增强）。 相似文献
2.
TRMM资料分析热带气旋的降水与水汽、潜热的关系 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：3
利用TRMM（Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission）卫星上搭载的TMI（微波成像仪）资料，以2004年桑达热带风暴和1999年9908号热带风暴为例，定量分析西北太平洋上热带气旋降水与水汽、潜热的关系。结果发现，日平均降水率与气柱水汽量之间存在着很好的双对数关系，对流层中高层（3．0～14km）潜热与地面日平均降水率之间存在很好的双对数关系，在热带气旋密闭云区和外围螺旋云区两个区域内，降水与潜热的相关程度最好，并且每相隔24h出现一次极大值。本工作试图为台风预报模式提供降水参数化方案。 相似文献
3.
利用2007—2009年热带降雨测量卫星（TRMM）的微波成像仪（TMI）观测到的亮温资料,计算9个通道（10、19、37、85 GHz的水平和垂直极化通道及21 GHz的垂直极化通道）的亮温和极化修正温度（PCT）在不同范围内的最大值、最小值、平均值和区域阈值与热带气旋强度之间的关系。结果表明：亮温信息可较好地反映热带气旋的强度,单个参数与热带气旋最大风速的相关性最好可达到0.83,线性拟合的均方根误差接近业务误差;低频通道的亮温相对于高频通道可更好地估计海上热带气旋强度;位于台风中心0.5°～1.5°度范围之间的亮温与气旋强度的相关性较好,圆形区域的相关性好于圆环区域;对于位于海上的热带气旋,区域亮温的最小值与热带气旋强度的关系最好;低频通道（除10 GHz外）,阈值位于260～280 K区间的亮温与热带气旋强度的相关性较好。 相似文献
4.
用2002年3个热带气旋登陆广东的过程中自动站的降水资料, 对TRMM准全球、准实时的3 h降水估测资料进行了检验, 表明该资料与地面3 h降水有很好的相关性, 可以反映出热带气旋3 h降水变化的特征。利用该资料分析了这3个热带气旋登陆过程中不同半径、不同方向降水的时空变化特征, 并分析了不同热带气旋之间降水差异的大尺度环流背景。研究发现, 3个热带气旋登陆过程中心附近降水沿半径方向存在收缩和扩展的变化, 除了低层水汽输送的变化和地形对降水造成影响之外, “北冕”和“黄蜂”都发现热带气旋外围降水加强会导致其中心附近降水减弱, 这与以往的观测及研究成果类似。 相似文献
5.
利用 CloudSat卫星和TRMM 卫星数据,对比分析2013年5个不同强度的热带气旋过程中气旋眼壁及周围螺旋云带的云宏微观结构特征、热力结构和降水特征。结果表明：发展成熟的气旋,冰相云主要分布在5 km 以上的高度。冰粒子有效半径随高度增加减小,冰水含量随高度整体呈现先增长后减小的趋势,冰粒子数浓度随高度增加而增加。热力结构及降水方面,在眼区上空,除了一个众所周知的暖心区外,在眼区外部附近也可能出现一个暖区,高度约8～15 km。降水率水平分布表现为大范围的层云降水中夹杂着独立的对流性降水,垂直降水一般从地面延伸到7.5 km,其大值区主要集中在5 km以下。在距离气旋中心较远的外围云系上层,也可能会有较多冰粒子存在,这主要是由于气旋眼壁云墙生成的冰粒子被带到外围对流云系后二次抬升所致。 相似文献
6.
2006年夏季西太平洋热带气旋活动的初步研究 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
2006年夏季西太平洋热带气旋活动主要有如下特征:1）生成时间具有明显的阶段性,且强度强,登陆中国数偏多。2）登陆热带气旋有其各自特点。例如 “碧利斯”影响范围大、降水强度大、持续时间长;“桑美”风速大,登陆后迅速减弱。作者针对上述2个特点进行了初步分析。研究发现:1）2006年6月27日~8月31日,来自印度洋的热带西风增强并东推延伸及115~140°E的越赤道气流的加强都有利于热带气旋的生成,并在西太平洋副热带高压北移、季节内振荡（Madden Julian Oscillation,简称MJO）的湿位相、高低层纬向风切变弱和菲律宾以东地区热带辐合带（Intertropical Convengence Zone,简称ITCZ）对流活跃等背景条件配合下,使热带气旋在这一阶段频发。2）2006年夏季水汽含量与供给对登陆热带气旋的影响显著。“碧利斯”和“桑美”的水汽来源不同是造成这两个登陆热带气旋明显差异的重要原因。
相似文献
7.
利用2007—2013年福建省区域自动站和基本气象站小时降水观测资料,确定精细时空尺度上热带气旋暴雨突然增幅的阈值标准,分析暴雨突然增幅的时空分布特征及其与同期热带气旋之间的关系。结果表明:满足1 h、3 h和6 h暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋个例数随时间分辨率的降低而明显减少;3 h突增个例数主要出现在6—10月,且个例数和突增次数年分布总体呈上升趋势,突增次数日变化呈现"三峰型",高值区位于17—20时;暴雨突然增幅的热带气旋大多数在福建中南部沿海登陆,且不同的热带气旋中,强度较弱时发生突增次数较多,极值最大;暴雨突然增幅大多数发生在热带气旋登陆后24 h、距中心400 km内、西南方向,与登陆路径有关。对比分析了热带气旋登陆福建前后暴雨突然增幅的特征,发现登陆中部的热带气旋个数最多、暴雨突增次数也最多;热带气旋登陆后暴雨突增次数明显比登陆前多。 相似文献
8.
登陆海南的热带气旋中尺度降水分布变化特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用每小时地面观测资料和卫星资料,以1996-2005年在海南岛登陆的热带气旋为研究对象,按照气旋移动路径将其分为4大类,从4类不同路径的7个个例分析揭示了登陆海南热带气旋降水的中尺度特征及其分布变化.结果表明,不同路径的热带气旋登陆前10个小时之内,中尺度强降水基本上分布于热带气旋中心附近;而热带气旋登陆后,中尺度强降水开始出现明显的"离心"或"偏心"特征.不同路径的热带气旋在登陆前后,其最大降水中心的强度变化也有明显差异.登陆前后,中尺度强降水基本均出现在气旋中心西南到东南侧100～200km内,表现出明显的南北不对称.个例分析也证明,热带气旋强降水在空间和时间上都具有明显的中尺度特征. 相似文献
9.
变性再发展热带气旋Yaji(2006)的数值模拟研究 总被引：2，自引：2，他引：0
利用中尺度模式WRF对2006年14号热带气旋Yaji的变性过程进行了双重嵌套模拟。结果表明,采用高分辨率的TRMM/TMI卫星反演SST资料,在第一重区域(网格距为15km)采用WSM3微物理方案和Betts-Miller对流参数化方案,在第二重移动嵌套区域(网格距为5km)采用Lin微物理方案,不采用对流参数化方案,模式能较好地模拟Yaji的路径和变性前后的强度演变,其中模拟的路径平均误差为64km,强度平均误差为2.5hPa,模拟的风场分布与Quickscat卫星反演的风场分布也较为吻合。利用模拟资料还研究了Yaji变性过程中的非对称流特征。 相似文献
10.
水汽输送影响登陆热带气旋维持和降水的数值试验 总被引：61，自引：10，他引：51
Bilis(0010)是一个登陆后长久维持的热带气旋,其维持期间与一条西南风低空急流水汽通道长时间保持联结.用中尺度模式MM5V3对其维持过程进行模拟,并通过多个敏感性试验,研究不同方向水汽输送对热带气旋在陆上维持和降水的影响.结果表明:外界持续的水汽输送有利于热带气旋气旋性环流在陆地上维持,减缓其登陆后的强度衰减.水汽输送通过影响热带气旋的热力结构来影响热带气旋强度,充沛的水汽供应有利于热带气旋暖心维持.外界水汽输送有助于热带气旋雨带中的强对流活动,使雨量加强.而对流活动过程中水汽凝结潜热释放是热带气旋获得能量继续维持的重要条件.结果还表明,南边界水汽输送对热带气旋维持和降水的影响最为明显,其次是东边界.来自北界和西界水汽的影响微弱. 相似文献
11.
利用云分辨天气研究和预报模式（CR-WRF）模拟在清洁大气和污染大气下,气溶胶的云凝结核作用对不同强度南海热带气旋（TC）的强度变化影响,对比分析了动力结构和微物理结构的变化。(1)在污染大气环境中,更多气溶胶能进入到弱TC内部云带区,并充当凝结核作用,TC内部各相态水凝物含量都有明显增多, 释放潜热有利于TC内部的对流发展,弱TC中心海平面气压下降,强度加强。（2）在污染大气环境中,气溶胶主要影响强TC的外部螺旋云带区;外部云带区各相态水凝物增多,释放潜热有利于该处对流的发展;外部云带区对流与云墙区内对流形成竞争,导致入流减弱,云墙区内上升运动减弱,强TC中心海平面气压上升,强度减弱。 相似文献
12.
High-frequency oscillations, with periods of about 2 hours, are first identified by applying wavelet analysis to observed minutely wind speeds around the eye and eyewall of tropical cyclones(TCs). Analysis of a model simulation of Typhoon Hagupit(2008) shows that the oscillations also occur in the TC intensity, vertical motion, convergence activity and air density around the eyewall. Sequences of oscillations in these variables follow a certain order. 相似文献
13.
Combined with TRMM products and Tropical Cyclone (TC) best track data in Northwest Pacific from 1 January 2003 to 31 December 2009, a total of 118 TCs, including 336 instantaneous TC precipitation observations are established as the TRMM TC database, and the database is stratified into four intensity classes according to the standard of TC intensity adopted by China Meteorological Administration (CMA): Severe Tropical Storm (STS), Typhoon (TY), Severe Typhoon (STY) and Super Typhoon (SuperTY). For each TC snapshot, the mean rainfall distribution is computed using 10-km annuli from the TC center to a 300-km radius, then the axisymmetric component of TC rainfall is represented by the radial distribution of the azimuthal mean rain rate; the mean rain rates, rain types occurrence and contribution proportion are computed for each TC intensity class; and the mean quadrantal distribution of rain rates along TCs motion is analyzed. The result shows that: (1) TCs mean rain rates increase with their intensity classes, and their radial distributions show single-peak characteristic gradually, and furthermore, the characteristics of rain rates occurrence and contribution proportion change from dual-peak to single-peak distribution, with the peak rain rate at about 5.0 mm/h; (2) Stratiform rain dominate the rain type in the analysis zone, while convective rain mainly occurred in the eye-wall region; (3) The values of mean rain rate in each quadrant along TCs motion are close to each other, relatively, the value in the right-rear quadrant is the smallest one. 相似文献
14.
Simulation of the Electrification of a Tropical Cyclone Using the WRF-ARW Model：An Idealized Case 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1 
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下载免费PDF全文 Evolution of the electrifi cation of an idealized tropical cyclone （TC） is simulated by using the Advanced Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF-ARW） model. The model was modifi ed by addition of explicit electrifi cation and a new bulk discharge scheme. The characteristics of TC lightning is further examined by analyses of the electrifi cation and the charge structure of the TC. The fi ndings thus obtained are able to unify most of the previous inconsisitent observational and simulation studies. The results indicate that the TC eyewall generally exhibits an inverted dipole charge structure with negative charge above the positive. In the intensifi cation stage, however, the extremely tall towers of the eyewall may exhibit a normal tripole structure with a main negative region between two regions of positive charge. The outer spiral rainband cells display a simple normal dipole structure during all the stages. It is further found that the diff erences in the charge structure are associated with diff erent updrafts and particle distributions. Weak updrafts, together with a coexistence region of diff erent particles at lower levels in the eyewall, result in charging processes that occur mainly in the positive graupel charging zone （PGCZ）. In the intensifi cation stage, the occurrence of charging processes in both positive and negative graupel charging zones is associated with strong updraft in the extremely tall towers. In addition, the coexistence region of graupel and ice crystals is mainly situated at upper levels in the outer rainband, so the charging processes mainly occur in the negative graupel charging zone （NGCZ）. 相似文献
15.
This study examines the long-term change in the threat of landfalling tropical cyclones(TCs) in East Asia over the period 1975–2020 with a focus on rapidly intensifying(RI) TCs. The increase in the annual number of RI-TCs over the western North Pacific and the northwestward shift of their genesis location lead to an increasing trend in the annual number of landfalling RI-TCs along the coast of East Asia. The annual power dissipation index(PDI), a measure of the destructive potential of RI-TCs at landfall, also shows a significant increasing trend due to increases in the annual frequency and mean landfall intensity of landfalling RI-TCs. The increase in mean landfall intensity is related to a higher lifetime maximum intensity(LMI) and the LMI location of the landfalling RI-TCs being closer to the coast. The increase in the annual PDI of East Asia is mainly associated with landfalling TCs in the southern(the Philippines, South China, and Vietnam) and northern parts(Japan and the Korean Peninsula) of East Asia due to long-term changes in vertical wind shear and TC heat potential. The former leads to a northwestward shift of favorable environments for TC genesis and intensification, resulting in the northwestward shift in the genesis, RI, and LMI locations of RI-TCs. The latter provides more heat energy from the ocean for TC intensification, increasing its chances to undergo RI. 相似文献
16.
Cloud profiling radar (CPR) onboard CloudSat allows for deep penetration into dense
clouds/precipitation. In this study, tropical cyclones (TCs) are classified into three stages
as developing, mature, and decaying. The circular TC area with the radius of 500 km is divided
into five regions. The vertical structure characteristics of 94 Western Pacific TCs at
different stages in different regions from June 2006 to February 2014 are statistically
quantified using the CloudSat tropical cyclone overpass product (the CSTC Product). Contoured
frequency by altitude diagrams (CFADs) of radar reflectivity show an arc-like feature and
exhibit opposite distributions with a boundary at 5 km. Bright bands are found at this
altitude, indicating melting layers. Deep convective (DC) clouds have the largest occurrence
probability in the inner region, while Ci clouds occur more frequently in the outer region at
10-15 km. As clouds have the second largest vertical scale after DC clouds. Distributions of
Ac, Cu, and Ns clouds at different stages have few distinctions. As the altitude increases,
the ice effective radius and the distribution width parameter decrease while the particle
number concentration increases. Moist static energy (MSE), cloud thickness (CT), liquid water
path (LWP), ice water path (IWP), water vapor (WV), and rain rate (RR) all diminish along the
radial direction and are significantly larger at the mature stage. The average value of MSE at
the developing stage is larger than that at the decaying stage. 相似文献
17.
利用美国威斯康星大学气象卫星研究合作院提供的集成微波图像资料和联合台风预警中心的最佳路径资料,普查2005—2014年西北太平洋地区具有同心眼墙结构的35个强台风个例。对比分析了有、无同心眼墙及同心眼墙生成快、慢的样本的环境场和自身初始结构差异。结果表明:环境场要素对同心眼墙形成与否具有重要调制作用,环境场相对湿度越大,海温越高,同心眼墙越易生成;而同心眼墙的形成速率与自身结构存在密切关系,初始涡旋尺度越大,同心眼墙生成越快,外眼墙位置距离台风中心越远,眼墙替换时间越长,眼墙替换前后强度变化越明显。 相似文献
18.
In this study, the micro- and macro-physical properties, thermal structure and precipitation characteristics of cyclone eye walls and their surrounding spiral clouds were analysed with CloudSat and TRMM data for five tropical cyclones (TCs) in 2013. The results show that the ice-phase clouds of a mature TC are mainly above 5 km. With increasing altitude, the cloud droplet effective radius decreases, and the particle number concentration increases. Ice water content first increases and then decreases with increasing height. In the eye area, in addition to the well-known warm-core area, another warm core is also apparent around the eye at a height of 8 to 15 km. The horizontal distribution of precipitation is characterized by large-scale stratiform precipitation mixed with independent convective precipitation. The height of precipitation is mostly below 7.5 km, and the heavy rain is mainly below 5 km. When the peripheral convective clouds are strong enough, ice particles would be generated, thus providing conditions that are favourable for the formation of precipitation below. 相似文献
19.
In order to investigate the different thermodynamic mechanisms between rapid intensifying (RI) and rapid weakening (RW) tropical cyclones (TCs),the thermodynamic structures of two sets of composite TCs are analyzed based on the complete-form vertical vorticity tendency equation and the NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data.Each composite is composed of five TCs,whose intensities change rapidly over the coastal waters of China.The results show that the maximum apparent heating source Q1 exists in both the upper and lower troposphere near the RI TC center,and Q1 gets stronger at the lower level during the TC intensification period.But for the RW TC,the maximum Q1 exists at the middle level near the TC center,and Q1 gets weaker while the TC weakens.The maximum apparent moisture sink Q2 lies in the mid troposphere.Q2 becomes stronger and its peak-value height rises while TC intensifies,and vice versa.The increase of diabatic heating with height near the TC center in the mid-upper troposphere and the increase of vertical inhomogeneous heating near the TC center in the lower troposphere are both favorable to the TCs' rapid intensification; otherwise,the intensity of the TC decreases rapidly. 相似文献
20.
Strong vertical motion(10 m s~(-1)) has profound implications for tropical cyclone(TC) structure changes and intensity. While extreme updrafts in the TC are occasionally observed in real TCs, the associated small-scale features remain unclear. Based on an analysis of the extreme eyewall updrafts in two numerical experiments conducted with the Advanced Research version of the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model, in which the large-eddy simulation(LES) technique was used with the finest grid spacings of 37 and 111 m, for the first time this study demonstrates that the simulated extreme updrafts that occur mainly in the enhanced eyewall convection on the down-shear left side are comparable to available observations. The simulated extreme updraft exhibits relatively high frequencies in the lower(750 m), middle(6.5 km) and upper(13 km) troposphere, which are associated with different types of small-scale structures.While the lower-level extreme updraft is mainly related to the tornado-scale vortex, the extreme updraft at upper levels is closely associated with a pair of counter-rotating horizontal rolls oriented generally along the TC tangential flow, which are closely associated with the enhanced eyewall convection. The extreme updraft at middle levels is related to relatively complicated small-scale structures. The study suggests that extreme updrafts can be simulated when the grid spacing is about 100 m or less in the WRF-LES framework, although the simulated small-scale features need further verification in both observation and simulation. 相似文献