共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 677 毫秒
1.
Mesoscale waves in typhoons were diagnosed by using a simulated typhoon data in this paper. Through analyzing the structure of the waves in typhoons, we found that the waves possess the mixed features of gravity inertial waves and vortex Rossby waves. On the one hand, positive geopotential height perturbation is corresponding to negative vorticity perturbation and anticyclonic circulation. At the same time, negative geopotential height perturbation is corresponding to positive vorticity perturbation and cyclonic circulation. The maximum perturbation occurs near the radius of the maximum wind in the typhoon. On the other hand, the mesoscale waves possess the features of strong convergence and divergence and ageostrophic wind. Finally, the authors presented a concept model to explain a linkage mechanism between the mesoscale waves and the formation of polygonal eye wall in the typhoon. 相似文献
2.
本文通过深入分析伴随敏感性（ADS）方法、第一奇异向量（LSV）方法、以及条件非线性最优扰动（CNOP）方法在目标观测敏感区识别方面的原理,提出了非线性程度的概念和计算方法,考察了转向型和直线型台风的非线性程度,分析了上述三种方法在不同非线性程度下识别的敏感区的异同,同时对比了转向型和直线型台风的敏感区的差异,并通过敏感性试验探讨了在不同非线性程度下以及在转向型与直线型台风中,预报对敏感区内初值的敏感性程度,进而探讨台风目标观测在不同情况下的有效性。结果表明,转向型台风的非线性程度差别比较大,或者特别强,或者特别弱;而直线型台风非线性程度居中,不同台风个例之间的非线性程度差别较小。对于非线性较弱的台风,三种方法识别的敏感区较为相似,而对于非线性较强的台风,LSV方法与ADS方法识别的敏感区较为相似,但是与CNOP方法识别的敏感区具有较大的差别。对于转向型台风,敏感区主要位于行进路径的右前方,而对于直线型台风,敏感区主要位于初始台风位置的后方。敏感性试验表明,不论台风非线性强弱,转向还是直行,CNOP敏感区内的随机扰动发展最大,而LSV敏感区内叠加的随机扰动发展次之,ADS敏感区内叠加的扰动发展最小;此外,非线性弱的台风,扰动的发展大于非线性强的台风的扰动的发展,表明非线性弱的台风预报受初值影响更大,目标观测的效果可能会更明显。 相似文献
3.
4.
5.
定量诊断分析北上台风的云系结构特征对于预报有重要意义,研究选取2011—2020年16个北上台风,定义南北对称度因子S1和一三象限对称度因子S2,作为反映北上台风云系结构的指标。当S1＜0时,通常台风南侧和西南侧的云量较多,并常与季风云系相连,台风一般表现为“9”字型结构;当S1＞0时,通常台风北侧和东北侧的云量较多,台风南侧的云系减弱,台风一般表现为“6”字型结构。台风北上过程中由S1＜0向S1＞0转变,在云系结构特征上表现为由“9”字型结构转化为“6”字型结构。而这种结构特征的转变初始表现为台风核心区域内第一象限云量增多并向东北方向伸展,同时第三象限对流云衰减以及云量减少,此时,一三象限对称度因子S2＞0并快速增大,台风有快速减弱的趋势。南北对称度因子和一三象限对称度因子作为北上台风云系结构诊断分析的两个重要指标,为台风强度、降雨的监测和预报形成了定量参考。 相似文献
6.
A new method, BDA perturbing, is used in ensemble forecasting of typhoon track. This method is
based on the Bogus Data Assimilation scheme. It perturbs the initial position and intensity of typhoons and gets a
series of bogus vortex. Then each bogus vortex is used in data assimilation to obtain initial conditions. Ensemble
forecast members are constructed by conducting simulation with these initial conditions. Some cases of typhoon
are chosen to test the validity of this new method and the results show that: using the BDA perturbing method to
perturb initial position and intensity of typhoon for track forecast can improve accuracy, compared with the direct
use of the BDA assimilation scheme. And it is concluded that a perturbing amplitude of intensity of 5 hPa is
probably more appropriate than 10 hPa if the BDA perturbing method is used in combination with initial
position perturbation. 相似文献
7.
8.
9.
In this study, we employed National Centers for Environmental Prediction(NCEP)/National Center for Atmospheric Research(NCAR) reanalysis data and records from the China Meteorological Administration(CMA)Yearbook of Tropical Cyclones to investigate three factors: sea-surface temperature(SST), vertical wind shear(VWS),and the density of the core convection(DCC), which are responsible for the rapid intensification(RI) of 1949-2013 offshore typhoons. Our analysis results of these composite factors show that in the environmental wind field the typhoons are far away from the outer strong VWS; in the SST field they are in the high SST area; and the core convective activity is robust and takes a bimodal pattern. The difference in RI between typhoons over the East China Sea(ECS) and the South China Sea(SCS) is a smaller VWS for the ECS typhoons, which may be one of the reasons why typhoons in the ECS are more intense than those in the SCS. Our study results indicate that SST, VWS, and DCC can result in an RI after a certain time interval of 36 h, 24 h to 30 h, and 24 h, respectively. The RI indicates a lag in the atmospheric response to oceanic conditions. This lag characteristic makes it possible to predict RI events. In summary, where the SST is high(≥28 ℃), the VWS is small, and the DCC is high, an RI will occur. Where mid-range SSTs occur(26 ℃≤SST≤28 ℃), with small VWS, and high DCC, the RI of typhoons is also likely to occur. 相似文献
10.
本文介绍应用浅水波方程作台风路经的数值预报,给出了一种简单易行而又比较有效的初值方案。经1982年对8202到8222号共十五个台风过程作预报,证明模式对西太平洋及中国南海台风都有一定的预报能力。 相似文献
11.
我国登陆台风频率变化与太平洋海表温度场的关系 总被引：13，自引：4，他引：9
该文研究了１９５１～１９９７年我国登陆台风与太平洋海温场的关系．研究表明,ＥｌＮｉｎｏ年登陆台风偏少,第二类ＬａＮｉｎａ年的当年登陆台风也偏少,而其相邻年登陆台风将偏多．赤道东太平洋海表面温度正常年我国登陆台风数偏多或正常,偏少的可能性较小．登陆台风数与赤道太平洋海温呈负相关,而与１０°Ｎ以北的中太平洋和西北太平洋海区海温呈正相关 相似文献
12.
On the basis of NCEP/NCAR reanalysis data and yearbooks of CMA tropical cyclones, statistical analysis is performed for 1949—2013 offshore typhoons subjected to rapid decay(RD). This analysis indicates that RD typhoons are small-probability events, making up about 2.2% of the total offshore typhoons during this period. The RD events experience a decadal variation, mostly in the 1960 s and 1970 s(maximal in the 1970 s), rapidly decrease in the 1980 s and 1990 s and quickly increase from 2000. Also, RD typhoons show remarkable seasonal differences: they arise mainly in April and July-December, with the prime stage being in October-November. The offshore RD typhoons occur mostly in the South China Sea(SCS) and to a lesser extent in the East China Sea(ECS); however, none are observed over the Huang Sea and Bo Sea.Composite analysis and dynamic diagnosis of the RD typhoon-related large-scale circulations are performed.Physical quantities of the composite analysis consist of 500-h Pa height and temperature fields, vapor transfer, vertical wind shear(VWS), density of core convection(DCC), and high-level jet and upper-air outflow of the typhoon. The results suggest that(1) at the 500-h Pa height field, the typhoon is ahead of a westerly trough and under the effects of its passing trough;(2) at the temperature field, the typhoon is ahead of a temperature trough, with an invading cold tongue present;(3) at the vapor transfer field, water transfer into the RD typhoon is cut off; and(4) at higher levels, the related jet weakens and the outbreak of convection becomes attenuated in the typhoon core. In addition, VWS bears a relation to the RD typhoon; in particular, strong VWS favors RD occurrence.The differences in RD events between the SCS and ECS show that for the RD, the VWS of the ECS environmental winds is markedly stronger in comparison with its SCS counterpart. The cold advection invading into the typhoons is more intense in the SCS than in the ECS, and the low-level vapor transfer and high-level outflow are weaker in the SCS RD typhoons.Data analysis shows that sea surface temperature(SST), VWS, and DCC can be employed as efficient factors to predict RD occurrence. With appropriate SST, VWS, and DCC, a warning of RD occurrence can be given 36, 30-36,and 30 h, respectively, in advance. These values suggest that atmospheric SST responses lag. Owing to this time lag,the prediction of RD typhoons is possible. 相似文献
13.
两个路径相似台风暴雨过程的模拟分析 总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6
以两个路径相似的台风"海棠"和"凤凰"为研究对象,利用MM5模式对其二次登陆过程进行模拟并通过与实况的对比表明,模式对台风路径和暴雨的模拟是成功的。利用模式输出从动力、水汽、不稳定层结和地形等四方面对暴雨落区和强度进行诊断,结果表明:低层螺旋度正值区与未来12 h暴雨落区有良好对应关系,高层螺旋度负值区偏离暴雨区,螺旋度高低层耦合产生的倾斜上升气流是触发和维持台风暴雨的动力机制。在台风登陆过程中,浙南闽北一直有源源不断的水汽输入,登陆点北侧水汽输送大于南侧是造成台风降水非对称分布的重要原因。台风由暖洋面移入大陆"冷场"加强了不稳定层结,在"海棠"台风暴雨过程中,弱冷空气侵入台风环流,触发不稳定能量释放在暴雨增幅中起了重要作用,暴雨出现在相当位温等值线密集的向北倾斜锋区。地形对暴雨的增幅作用十分显著,迎风坡由于地形动力抬升有利于上升运动加强,使得对流发展旺盛,降水增加,形成暴雨中心。 相似文献
14.
潘怡航 《Acta Meteorologica Sinica》1982,40(1):24-34
根据1949—1979年逐月资料,指出赤道东太平洋海表温度与西太平洋台风发生频率之间存在明显的时滞遥相关。通过个例对比与长期资料验证,揭露了当赤道东太平洋海表温度较正常为冷(暖)时,西太平洋低纬地区低空东西风辐合区两边的两个反方向的纬圈环流加强(减弱),辐合区两边的东西风加强(减弱),在菲律宾以东台风发生源地上的赤道辐合带(ITCZ)出现频繁(不活跃),因而台风生成偏多(偏少)。 相似文献
15.
The conventional observations data,NCAR/NCEP-2 reanalysis data,and NOAA outgoing longwave radiation data are used to investigate different characteristics of Leo and Neoguri,two April typhoons that ever made landfall on the continent of China over the past 60 years.The results showed that both Leo and Neoguri occurred during the La Nina events.Strong convective activity,weak vertical wind shear and upper-level divergence were in favor of the formation of these April typhoons.Leo originated from a monsoon depression and Neoguri evolved from an easterly wave.The meandering moving track of Leo attributed to strong northeast monsoon and a weak and changeable subtropical high;the steady moving track of Neoguri was governed by a strong and stable subtropical high.Leo and Neoguri had similar terrain conditions and intensities during landfall but were different in precipitation as water vapor transport and duration of kinetic uplifting resulted in apparent discrepancies between them. 相似文献
16.
Using NCEP/NCAR reanalysis, the structure of a wintertime typhoon named Nanmadol that landed on Taiwan 4 December, 2004 has been examined in this paper, it is found that Nanmadol looks similar in structure and time evolution to summer typhoons; the central part of it is warm and humid, and the convergence is observed in the lower troposphere while there is divergence in the upper troposphere. The differences between wintertime and summertime typhoons are found. The southwest stream flow in the lower troposphere and cyclonic disturbance in the upper troposphere seem significantly weaker in Nanmadol than in summertime typhoons. The EOF analysis performed for sea level pressure (SLP) of Nanmadol shows that about 90% of the total variance of temporal changes in typhoon circulation can be explained by two leading EOF modes of EOF1 and EOF2. EOF1 shows the structure and intensity variations of Nanmadol while EOF2 shows the changes in environmental SLP distributions that influences the moving direction of Nanmadol. 相似文献
17.
冬季登陆我国的0428和7427号台风过程的冷空气作用和水汽特征 总被引：5，自引：2，他引：3
应用NCEP/NCAR再分析资料,对冬季登陆我国的0428和7427号台风过程的冷空气作用和水汽特征进行了研究,结果表明：在初冬季节,东亚大槽引导的冷空气可以到达热带洋面的台风外围;台风与出海高压相向而行, 外围气压梯度增强对台风强度的加强和维持起作用;弱冷空气在低层侵入仍在温暖海面上的台风,气旋扰动加强使台风加强;当强冷空气侵入台风中心中层时会破坏其暖心结构,使其填塞消亡。台风生成于水汽通量辐合带内,其生成和发展引起水汽汇合的扰动,加强水汽的辐合,使水汽辐合带加强;一旦台风脱离水汽辐合带后,不能继续获取大量水汽,则会逐渐减弱消亡;冬季台风过程没有强的水汽输送带。 相似文献
18.
A non-dimensional secondary circulation equation for typhoons has been derived and then 11-yr com-positing typhoon data were used to estimate the thermally forced secondary circulation.The main resultshave been obtained as follows:(1)The diabatic heating and Cu vertical heat mixing are major thermal forcing factors.They have thesame magnitude of order.(2)The effects of eddy flux and Cu horizontal mixing of heat are of minor im-portance.(3)Ekman pumping and Cu vertical heat mixing cooperatively work.This feedback process isfavorable for the enhancement of the secondary circulation of typhoons. 相似文献
19.
浙江沿海台风阵风系数的影响因子分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：2
利用2004—2015年影响浙江海岛的台风及沿海气象站资料,分析台风阵风系数与平均风速、台风强度、测站高度、岛屿位置、台风与测站之间距离、台风象限和月份等因子的关系。结果表明,当平均风速较小时阵风系数的均值和波动幅度较大。在相同风速情况下,台风中心强度较强时的阵风系数会大些且其变化幅度随高度增大;而台风强度较弱时的阵风系数随高度变化不明显。最大阵风系数一般出现在台风与测站距离为150~250 km的区域内。台风第一和第四象限不仅其影响风力明显比第二和第三象限的强,且阵风系数变化幅度也较大。近海岸岛屿测站的阵风系数比远海岸岛屿测站要大。9月阵风系数波动范围比7—8月的小。从台风的自身环流来看,中低层的高度场、垂直速度场和湿度场等因子与阵风系数相关密切。 相似文献
20.
相同强度双台风相互作用的物理机制 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
在无基本气流的假定下,应用无辐数正压模式研究双台风相互作用的物理机制。台风Ａ位于观风Ｂ以西,两台风相距６０ｋｍ,且具有相同的强度。在台风Ａ（台风Ｂ）的非对称流场中,由台风Ａ（台风Ｂ）的线性β效应产生的非对称涡旋的方位相位与由台风Ｂ（台风Ａ）形成的非对称涡旋方位相位相反（相同）。因此,台风Ａ（台风Ｂ）的大尺度非对称涡旋较弱（较强）。小尺度涡旋逆时针旋转导致台风Ａ逆时将打转。稳定的偏南非对称气流使台风 相似文献