共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
利用中尺度WRF模式及其3DVAR同化系统对2014年3月30日发生在我国华南地区的一次飑线过程展开多普勒天气雷达资料的同化效果试验研究。首先对雷达资料进行去地物杂波、退速度模糊等预处理,后设计了基于不同雷达观测量的同化试验及同化频次的敏感性试验。结果表明:直接循环同化雷达径向风资料和雷达反射率因子能够增加数值模式中的中小尺度信息,提供可靠的水汽分布;不同的同化频次对同化结果影响显著,每12 min同化间隔的结果略优于30 min、60 min同化间隔;同化雷达反射率因子和径向风资料分别对模式的总水场和风场有显著调整,联合同化雷达反射率因子和径向风资料比单独同化反射率因子或径向风更能改善飑线垂直结构配置,促使地面冷池和雷暴高压配合,进一步改善模式对大雨和暴雨量级降水预报效果。 相似文献
2.
采用不同样本集合同化地面观测对一次飑线过程的影响 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
针对夏季黄淮地区一次飑线过程,利用WRF (Weather Research and Forecasting) 模式及其Hybrid ETKF-3DVAR同化系统,考察不同生成方案的样本对同化地面观测的影响。集合样本创建方式包括3类:扰动初始背景场的方案 (RCV)、使用不同的物理参数化方案 (PPMP) 以及前两者集成方案 (BLE)。基于增量场分析,同化地面观测主要调整850 hPa以下水平风和水汽混合比的空间结构,其中RCV方案侧重于改变水平风的空间分布,PPMP方案侧重于改变水汽混合比的空间结构,BLE方案兼具二者特征。同化地面观测可以间接改善6 h降水预报,其中PPMP试验的降水预报最好,尤其是对降水位置和强度的预报。对比雷达回波观测,RCV试验和BLE试验对弓状回波模拟得较好,BLE试验的模拟较多体现RCV特征。PPMP试验和RCV试验还可改变冷池的位置和强度,同时影响飑线出现和消亡时间,相对而言,PPMP试验影响更大。 相似文献
3.
利用三维变分方法对2014年3月30—31日华南一次强飑线过程进行风场反演,经与风廓线雷达探测结果、双多普勒天气雷达反演结果、原始径向速度数据等对比分析,得到如下结论：三维变分方法反演的中低层水平风场与风廓线雷达探测到的结果较为一致,且能很好地表现飑线过境时的风向切变;通过与双多普勒雷达风场反演结果对比发现,两种方法得到的风场空间分布十分相似,均能很好地表现2 km高度上系统内部强带状回波前缘的辐合线以及5 km高度上较弱的辐散;三维变分方法反演的水平风场与径向速度场有较好的一致性,2 km高度强回波带前缘阵风锋处的辐合线位置以及5 km和8 km高度上辐散区的位置均与径向速度场十分吻合;三维变分方法反演的垂直速度能较好地反映该飑线过程中气流的上升和下沉运动,平行于飑线方向的气流变化较小,而系统气流变化主要沿垂直于飑线的方向。三维变分方法反演的飑线系统的三维风场结构合理,反演结果可靠。 相似文献
4.
Different choices of control variables in variational assimilation can bring about different influences on the analyzed atmospheric state. Based on the WRF model’s three-dimensional variational assimilation system, this study compares the behavior of two momentum control variable options—streamfunction velocity potential (ψ–χ) and horizontal wind components (U–V)—in radar wind data assimilation for a squall line case that occurred in Jiangsu Province on 24 August 2014. The wind increment from the single observation test shows that the ψ–χ control variable scheme produces negative increments in the neighborhood around the observation point because streamfunction and velocity potential preserve integrals of velocity. On the contrary, the U–V control variable scheme objectively reflects the information of the observation itself. Furthermore, radial velocity data from 17 Doppler radars in eastern China are assimilated. As compared to the impact of conventional observation, the assimilation of radar radial velocity based on the U–V control variable scheme significantly improves the mesoscale dynamic field in the initial condition. The enhanced low-level jet stream, water vapor convergence and low-level wind shear result in better squall line forecasting. However, the ψ–χ control variable scheme generates a discontinuous wind field and unrealistic convergence/divergence in the analyzed field, which lead to a degraded precipitation forecast. 相似文献
5.
利用新一代中尺度预报模式WRFV3.6及其三维变分同化系统(WRF-3DVAR),对2012年7月21日北京地区的一次暴雨过程进行多普勒天气雷达径向风和反射率的同化试验研究,检验和探讨高时空分辨率多普勒天气雷达资料在改进模式初始场及提高对暴雨过程预报的准确率等方面的应用效果及意义。结果发现雷达资料同化能在初始场中加入反映产生降水的低层风场辐合的动力和锋前暖区充足的水汽条件的物理信息,可以在模式积分开始后改善初始场中水汽和风的分布,较快地模拟出局地对流系统的发生、发展,改善由于中尺度观测资料不足而造成的模式初始场里中尺度信息缺乏的问题。径向速度的同化增加了中尺度信息,对初始流场的调整较为显著,侧重于改进风场。而雷达反射率资料的同化对初始温、湿度场和强回波位置的调整更明显,侧重于改进湿度场。累计降水的预报结果显示,同化径向风资料对雨带的位置、范围有较好的改进,同化雷达反射率资料对暴雨强度的预报有明显的改善。通过降水ETS评分发现,同化常规观测试验相对于控制实验,对于5、15 mm和25 mm降水评分能增加0.1左右,径向风同化试验能增加0.2左右,反射率同化试验能增加0.3左右,而径向风加反射率试验增加的评分介于0.2～0.3。雷达资料对于提高定量降水预报的精确度有着重要作用。 相似文献
6.
To improve the accuracy of short-term(0–12 h) forecasts of severe weather in southern China, a real-time storm-scale forecasting system, the Hourly Assimilation and Prediction System(HAPS), has been implemented in Shenzhen, China. The forecasting system is characterized by combining the Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF-ARW)model and the Advanced Regional Prediction System(ARPS) three-dimensional variational data assimilation(3DVAR) package. It is capable of assimilating radar reflectivity and radial velocity data from multiple Doppler radars as well as surface automatic weather station(AWS) data. Experiments are designed to evaluate the impacts of data assimilation on quantitative precipitation forecasting(QPF) by studying a heavy rainfall event in southern China. The forecasts from these experiments are verified against radar, surface, and precipitation observations. Comparison of echo structure and accumulated precipitation suggests that radar data assimilation is useful in improving the short-term forecast by capturing the location and orientation of the band of accumulated rainfall. The assimilation of radar data improves the short-term precipitation forecast skill by up to9 hours by producing more convection. The slight but generally positive impact that surface AWS data has on the forecast of near-surface variables can last up to 6–9 hours. The assimilation of AWS observations alone has some benefit for improving the Fractions Skill Score(FSS) and bias scores; when radar data are assimilated, the additional AWS data may increase the degree of rainfall overprediction. 相似文献
7.
中国地形复杂，模式地形与实际观测地形存在一定高度差异，因此设计合理的复杂地形下地面观测资料的同化方案有利于使我国目前仅用作探测手段的地面观测资料（常规地面观测站和地面自动站）在中尺度数值模式中得到充分利用。作者在MM5_3DVAR同化系统中利用近地层相似理论将地面观测资料进行直接三维变分同化分析，并对地面资料同化方案设计中是否需要考虑模式与实际观测站地形高度差异进行探讨研究。研究结果表明：通过近地层相似理论将地面观测资料同化到数值模式能起到一定的作用，并且地面观测资料（温度、 湿度、 风场、 地面气压）中各物理量同化到数值模式都能影响24小时降水数值结果，但各物理量起的作用大小不一样，其中影响最大的是温度，其次为湿度；地面观测资料同化方案设计有必要考虑模式地形与实际观测站地形高度差异，适当考虑这种高度差异能取得较好的结果。 相似文献
8.
Recent advances in Global Positioning System （GPS） remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor （PWV） from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational （4DVAR） data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems （MCS） along the mei-yu front in China. The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves. 相似文献
9.
This study investigated the impact of multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data assimilation on forecasts of heavy rainfall over the central Korean Peninsula;the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model and its three-dimensional variational data assimilation system(3DVAR) were used for this purpose. During data assimilation,the WRF 3DVAR cycling mode with incremental analysis updates(IAU) was used. A maximum rainfall of 335.0 mm occurred during a 12-h period from 2100 UTC 11 July 2006 to 0900 UTC 12 July 2006.Doppler radar data showed that the heavy rainfall was due to the back-building formation of mesoscale convective systems(MCSs).New convective cells were continuously formed in the upstream region,which was characterized by a strong southwesterly low-level jet(LLJ).The LLJ also facilitated strong convergence due to horizontal wind shear,which resulted in maintenance of the storms.The assimilation of both multiple-Doppler radar and surface data improved the accuracy of precipitation forecasts and had a more positive impact on quantitative forecasting(QPF) than the assimilation of either radar data or surface data only.The back-building characteristic was successfully forecasted when the multiple-Doppler radar data and surface data were assimilated.In data assimilation experiments,the radar data helped forecast the development of convective storms responsible for heavy rainfall,and the surface data contributed to the occurrence of intensified low-level winds.The surface data played a significant role in enhancing the thermal gradient and modulating the planetary boundary layer of the model,which resulted in favorable conditions for convection. 相似文献
10.
一次华北飑线的阵风锋天气过程分析 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：2
利用常规气象观测资料、加密自动站观测资料和雷达探测等资料,对2013年8月4日晚上华北一次飑线的阵风锋引发的雷暴、大风等强对流天气的特征和成因进行了分析,结果表明:地面冷锋与前倾槽的配置构成了有利的大尺度环流背景,地面中尺度高压外流冷空气与环境风场形成的中尺度辐合线,使得对流活动加剧,促使新的雷暴生成或加强。飑线成熟阶段具有明显的波动特征,并向右向发展。阵风锋首先产生于飑线的强雷暴群前,并随着飑线的增强而增强;阵风锋的维持主要依靠风暴持续的下沉气流,下沉气流减弱后阵风锋会随之减弱。飑线及阵风锋过境时均伴有气象要素的剧烈变化,在系统发展强盛时,阵风锋过境气象要素的变化幅度大于飑线的变化,其余时段则偏弱。飑线减弱以后,阵风锋还会维持一段时间,这需要加强系统的监测。 相似文献
11.
Recent advances in Global Positioning System (GPS) remote sensing technology allow for a direct estimation of the precipitable water vapor (PWV) from delayed signals transmitted by GPS satellites, which can be assimilated into numerical models with four-dimensional variational (4DVAR) data assimilation. A mesoscale model and its 4DVAR system are used to access the impacts of assimilating GPS-PWV and hourly rainfall observations on the short-range prediction of a heavy rainfall event on 20 June 2002. The heavy precipitation was induced by a sequence of meso-β-scale convective systems (MCS) along the mei-yu front in China.The experiments with GPS-PWV assimilation successfully simulated the evolution of the observed MCS cluster and also eliminated the erroneous rainfall systems found in the experiment without 4DVAR assimilation. Experiments with hourly rainfall assimilation performed similarly both on the prediction of MCS initiation and the elimination of erroneous systems, however the MCS dissipated much sooner than it did in observations. It is found that the assimilation-induced moisture perturbation and mesoscale low-level jet are helpful for the MCS generation and development. It is also discovered that spurious gravity waves may post serious limitations for the current 4DVAR algorithm, which would degrade the assimilation efficiency, especially for rainfall data. Sensitivity experiments with different observations, assimilation windows and observation weightings suggest that assimilating GPS-PWV can be quite effective, even with the assimilation window as short as 1 h. On the other hand, assimilating rainfall observations requires extreme cautions on the selection of observation weightings and the control of spurious gravity waves. 相似文献
12.
利用四维变分同化分析系统模拟和雷达拼图资料分析了2012年5月16日东北冷涡影响下的弱飑线过程。结果表明:较强的地面辐合线是该次过程在较弱稳定条件下被触发的重要原因,也是系统前期快速发展的重要原因;东北冷涡影响下中层不断输送干冷空气到江淮地区,飑线内对流部分由降水拖曳导致的下沉气流遇到夹卷进入下沉气流内的环境干空气,使得其中雨滴蒸发造成空气冷却,下沉到地面形成冷池;冷池形成之后,垂直风切变方向不垂直于系统,且切变值较弱,造成水平涡度不平衡,是该飑线发展相对较弱的主要原因,此外不稳定条件和湿度条件较差也可能是系统没有发展为强飑线的原因。该次飑线过程的重要特点是较强的地面辐合线;较干的环境条件,意味着凝结潜热释放较少,而系统中的垂直运动更多取决于冷池和垂直风切变之间的水平涡度平衡。 相似文献
13.
利用WRF（Weather Research Forecast）模式及其3D-Var（Three-Dimensional Variational assimilation）变分系统,针对2017年7月7日一次飑线进行了雷达资料的循环同化敏感性试验。结果表明：以循环同化雷达资料至飑线成熟期时刻的试验预报效果最好,主要原因在于预报的低层西北冷空气较强,从而导致较强的低层切变,再配合强的热力不稳定条件从而使飑线的发展得以维持。通过七组试验对比表明,对于单次雷达资料,同化的时机更为重要。同化飑线成熟阶段的雷达反射率,对低层热力层结有改善作用,为飑线发展提供了不稳定能量;对于循环同化,通过观测的影响和模式自身的热动力调整,对流场也有较好的修正作用,为对流系统的持续发展提供了充分的动力条件。 相似文献
14.
一次飑线过程雷达回波特征及环境条件分析 总被引：9，自引：6，他引：3
利用常规资料、NCEP/NCAR再分析资料及多普勒天气雷达资料等,对2014年3月30—31日广东一次飑线过程进行了分析。重点分析了飑线发生的环流背景、环境特征、不稳定条件、垂直风切变等及多普勒雷达回波演变过程。结果表明:(1)此次飑线过程发生在中高纬地区稳定的阻塞形势下,从四川盆地东移的高空槽和低涡切变线是造成广东强对流天气的主要影响系统。(2)低空急流水汽输送、低层强水汽辐合、强低空垂直风切变和上干下湿的水汽垂直分布为飑线的发生、发展提供了必要的热力和动力条件。(3)强盛阶段飑线具有明显的阵风锋和弱回波通道,速度图上飑线北端为强的气旋式切变,南端为弱的反气旋式切变,在"弓形"回波顶点处有强的速度辐合。飑线内部后侧为一支倾斜向下的冷空气入流,前沿是一支沿冷空气爬升的暖空气入流。(4)在"弓形"回波顶部后侧长时间维持着向后倾斜的后侧入流急流RIJ(Rear Inflow Jets),RIJ对"弓形"回波的形成、地面大风和飑线的维持和快速移动具有重要的作用。 相似文献
15.
基于WRF中尺度模式,采用集合卡尔曼滤波方法同化中国岸基多普勒天气雷达径向速度资料,对2015年登陆台风彩虹（1522）进行数值试验。从台风强度、路径、结构等方面验证了同化效果,并对不同区域雷达观测资料的同化敏感性进行讨论。试验结果表明:在同化窗内同化分析场台风位置误差相比未同化平均减小15 km,最多时刻减小38 km,同化资料时次越多,确定性预报路径误差越小。同化雷达资料后较好地反映出台风彩虹（1522）近海加强过程,台风中心最低气压同化分析和预报误差相比未同化最大减小超过25 hPa,台风眼的尺度、眼墙处对流非对称结构相比未同化与观测更加接近。试验还表明:台风内核100 km范围内的雷达观测对同化效果影响最大,仅同化这部分资料（约占总量的20%）各方面效果与同化全部资料相近,而仅同化100 km以外资料效果明显不及同化所有资料。仅同化台风内核雷达观测资料可以在不影响同化效果的前提下,使集合同化计算机时减小为原来的1/3,该策略可为台风实际业务预报提供一定参考。 相似文献
16.
Assimilating Best Track Minimum Sea Level Pressure Data Together with Doppler Radar Data Using an Ensemble Kalman Filter for Hurricane Ike (2008) at a Cloud-Resolving Resolution 
下载免费PDF全文
下载免费PDF全文 Extending an earlier study, the best track minimum sea level pressure (MSLP) data are assimilated for landfalling Hurricane Ike (2008) using an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF), in addition to data from two coastal ground-based Doppler radars, at a 4-km grid spacing. Treated as a sea level pressure observation, the MSLP assimilation by the EnKF enhances the hurricane warm core structure and results in a stronger and deeper analyzed vortex than that in the GFS (Global Forecast System) analysis; it also improves the subsequent 18-h hurricane intensity and track forecasts. With a 2-h total assimilation window length, the assimilation of MSLP data interpolated to 10-min intervals results in more balanced analyses with smaller subsequent forecast error growth and better intensity and track forecasts than when the data are assimilated every 60 minutes. Radar data are always assimilated at 10-min intervals. For both intensity and track forecasts, assimilating MSLP only outperforms assimilating radar reflectivity (Z) only. For intensity forecast, assimilating MSLP at 10-min intervals outperforms radar radial wind (Vr) data (assimilated at 10-min intervals), but assimilating MSLP at 60-min intervals fails to beat Vr data. For track forecast, MSLP assimilation has a slightly (noticeably) larger positive impact than Vr(Z) data. When Vr or Z is combined with MSLP, both intensity and track forecasts are improved more than the assimilation of individual observation type. When the total assimilation window length is reduced to 1h or less, the assimilation of MSLP alone even at 10-min intervals produces poorer 18-h intensity forecasts than assimilating Vr only, indicating that many assimilation cycles are needed to establish balanced analyses when MSLP data alone are assimilated; this is due to the very limited pieces of information that MSLP data provide. 相似文献
17.
The impact of assimilating radiance data from the advanced satellite sensor GMI(GPM microwave imager) for typhoon analyses and forecasts was investigated using both a three-dimensional variational(3DVAR) and a hybrid ensemble-3DVAR method. The interface of assimilating the radiance for the sensor GMI was established in the Weather Research and Forecasting(WRF) model. The GMI radiance data are assimilated for Typhoon Matmo(2014), Typhoon Chan-hom(2015), Typhoon Meranti(2016), and Typhoon Mangkhut(2018) in the Pacific before their landing. The results show that after assimilating the GMI radiance data under clear sky condition with the 3DVAR method, the wind,temperature, and humidity fields are effectively adjusted, leading to improved forecast skills of the typhoon track with GMI radiance assimilation. The hybrid DA method is able to further adjust the location of the typhoon systematically. The improvement of the track forecast is even more obvious for later forecast periods. In addition, water vapor and hydrometeors are enhanced to some extent, especially with the hybrid method. 相似文献
18.
基于WRF（Weather Research and Forecasting）模式及其3DVAR（3-Dimentional Variational）资料同化系统,采用36 km、12 km 、4 km三层嵌套网格进行逐3 h资料同化和快速更新循环预报,对2011年5月8日鲁中一次局地大暴雨过程进行了资料同化敏感性试验。试验结果表明,地面观测资料同化和快速更新循环对本次降水的预报起到了关键性作用。在快速更新循环预报时不同化地面观测资料,或同化全部观测资料进行冷启动预报,模式均不能预报出山东的降水。同化地面观测资料后,显著改进了模式降水落区预报。地面观测资料同化可以影响到700 hPa高度以上温压湿风要素的变化,从而改变了大气初始场的温湿结构,导致模式预报的700 hPa附近高空大气湿度和热力不稳定增强,700 hPa以下低层风场更强,850 hPa鲁中以南风速较无观测资料同化的偏强2～4 m·s-1,低层风场的动力作用触发高空的不稳定大气,降水出现在山东。 相似文献
19.
利用常规气象资料、ERA5再分析资料、北京VDRAS资料以及雷达资料，对2021年7月31日发生在河北中南部的一次弓状强飑线过程进行分析。结果表明：（1）此次飑线过程发生在冷涡的背景下，500 hPa涡后的冷空气与850 hPa的暖脊叠加，建立了不稳定层结，在地面辐合线附近触发。（2）雷达回波由分散的对流单体合并加强，强弓形出现时，最大强度值超过55 dBZ，存在径向速度大值区和中层径向辐合等特征，这些都预示地面大风的出现，而回波悬垂预示冰雹出现。（3）雷达反演的风场可以显示飑线的水平和垂直结构，能清楚地指示飑线的出流、入流以及辐合区，对指示飑线不同部位的发展趋势有重要指示意义。（4）地面风场辐合导致雷暴单体触发，雷暴单体在不稳定的大气层结中获得快速发展，发展过程中0～3 km的垂直风切变逐渐增强，低层形成冷池，热力不均匀区域扩大，沿着扰动温度梯度大值区与风场辐合区，新生对流向东向南传播，分散对流单体合并演变为飑线。（5）从飑线发展阶段的热动力结构分析中发现，由倾斜上升气流与下沉气流形成垂直环流，下沉气流增强时，冷池效应增强，低层环境垂直风切变也增强，环境条件的改变是飑线发展的结果，同... 相似文献