共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
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近年来,我们结合西藏阿里地区气象能源开发利用和技术服务的体会,特别重视了测站周围障碍物对日照的影响,在障碍物仰角分布图中增添了测站一年中日出、日落位置最大变化方位这一内容。在此变化范围内的障碍物仰角测得更详细,并给予叙述障碍物对日照时数的影响以及气象与天文日照时数的差异等。 根据天文学的原理,一个固定的地理位置,一年中日出、日落最偏北的方位是夏至这一天,最偏南的方位是冬至这一天。于是在夏至(6月22日)、冬至(12月22日)前后的日子里,以日照计为中心,观测日出、日落的时间,并用经纬仪测定日出、日落点的方位角,描绘在障碍物仰角分布图上,构成一幅综合图。通过此图可一目了然地判别出在每个月份障碍物对日照时数的影响。附图是狮泉河测站四周障碍物仰角与夏至和冬至日出、日落方位综合图。 从图中看出,狮泉河(32°30′N、80°05′)E测站夏至这一天日出方位是60.8°,冬至这一天日出方位为11.67°,一年中日出方位变化范围达55.9°。根据这一范围内的仰角分布,可分析得出,5月中旬及8月中旬期间,障碍物仰角高达8°左右,有推迟日出时间的影响,减少了日照时数。而10月至次年2月左右,该期间的障碍物仰角低,对日出时间 相似文献
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利用线性分析方法,根据河南31个站1954~2005年的日照资料分析了河南省及濮阳市的日照变化特征。结果表明,河南省年日照时数呈减少趋势,平均减少每10年74.2 h,东部平原地区年日照时数的递减幅度明显大于西部山区年日照时数的递减幅度。濮阳市年日照时数的递减幅度为每10年135 h,冬季与夏季日照的递减幅度大于春季和秋季日照递减幅度,日照时数减少时段主要发生在日出后和日落前太阳高度角较低的两段时间内。造成日照减少的气候原因主要是空气污染逐年加重,加之风速逐年减小,利于大气气溶胶在低空积聚,空气湿度增大,轻雾日数增多,造成大气透明度降低。非气候因素的影响主要是观测场周围障碍物高度角逐年增高,遮挡了部分阳光,使记录到的日照时数减少,气候因素对日照的影响大于非气候因素的影响。 相似文献
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濮阳日照变化趋势及成因分析 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
利用线性分析方法,分析了濮阳市1955—2005年日照变,艺特征,分析结果表明：濮阳市年日照时数的趋减幅度为135h／10a,冬季与夏季日照的递减幅度大于春季和秋季日照递减幅度,日照时数减少时段主要发生在日出后和日落前太阳高度角较低的两段时间内。造成日 照减少的气候原因主要是空气污染逐年加重,加之风速逐年减小,利于大气气溶胶在低空积聚,空气湿度增大,使轻雾目数增多,造成大气透明度降低。非气候因素的影响主要是观测场周围障碍物高度角逐年增高,遮挡了部分阳光,使记录到的目照时数减少。气候因素对日照的影响大于非气候因素的影响。 相似文献
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拉萨河流域的气候特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
拉萨河是雅鲁藏布江五大支流之一,位于念青唐古拉山脉西段南侧。拉萨河流域南北宽218.2km(29°20′—31°18′N),东西长315.4Km(90°04′—93°21′E),面积约32526km~2,平均拔海高度在3600m以上。由于其间山峦重叠,高差悬殊,有16条支流呈叶脉状从左右岸汇入于流,地形十分复杂,形成一种独特的地方气候,本文根据流域内13个站点的资料,对拉萨河流域气候作一简述。 一、光照 1.日照时数 拉萨河流域是我国日照较多的地区之一。全年日照时数达2367—3169小时,从南向北递减。用拉萨站资料统计:农作物可以利用的日照时数(≥0℃期间)为2222小时,占全年总日照时数的73.7％,≥10℃期间日照时数为1163小时,占年日照时数的38.6％。 2.日照百分率 年平均日照百分率在55—73％之间。波峰出现在11月,波谷出现在7月,5月还有一个次波峰。 相似文献
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中国气象局自动气象站软件V3.0.5版,改进了V3.0.4版中对日出日落时间内日照矛盾的审核判断,使用中又发现了1个问题。华山气象站审核2006年2月报表时,“格检审核A文件”中3.0.5版发现2月6日17—18时日照有错误,提示“该时日照大于日落时间段的最大值”。华山站纬度是34°29′N,2 相似文献
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由日照记录迹线描述方程,给出标准日照记录迹线,并对日照计安装偏差对日照记录正确性和日照迹线状态改变的影响进行了分析,发现日照计安装偏差造成的记录误差,水平最甚,方位次之,纬度最轻。用日照记录迹线形状来判断日照计安装偏差,纬度不准最易,方位不准次之,水平不准最难。并提出了暗筒式日照计的正确安装方法,确保其水平、方位、纬度误差最小。 相似文献
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在冬半年（10～3月）,秭归县（测站31°00′N,110°41′E）主要受西风带环流系统和地面冷空气影响而产生降水。（本文选用上游代表站西安、汉中、安康、成都、重庆、恩施、宜昌7个高空测站（29°～35°N,103°～111°E）高空风向资料,将各站风向按方位确定出有利于本站降水的风向系数,然后把7站风向系数相加,获得700hPa风向指数（Fd）和500hPa风向指数（Fh）值,降水指数（Rf）由下式表达: 相似文献
8.
在审核日照记录时,有时怀疑记录编大,对实际的日出、日落时间有矛盾会出现争论。解决这个矛盾,我们首先不要混淆北京时,地方平均太阳时和真太阳时(视时)三种时间。它们之间的关系是: 地办平均太阳=北京时 经段时差 经度时差:测站每8时区中央经线为 相似文献
9.
亚洲赤道地区大气动能的纬向传播 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：7
基于 1980～ 1997年 85 0hPa逐日NCEP/NCAR再分析资料讨论了亚洲赤道地区 (0°～ 5°N)大气动能的纬向传播特征。结果表明 ,在亚洲季风区内 ,赤道地区大气动能 (K)的最强中心位于 75°～ 90°E ,次强中心在索马里急流区 (5 0°E附近 )。在 0°～ 5°N ,90°E以东 ,平均的大气动能扰动和赤道上经向风扰动主要起源于西太平洋 ,并向西经南海传播到孟加拉湾。而在孟加拉湾动能中心与索马里急流区之间 ,动能传播方向比较复杂。以上事实说明赤道地区东亚季风系统确实是存在的 ,与印度季风系统中扰动的传播方向不同 ,东亚季风系统中动能和经向风扰动在东西方向上主要受西太平洋的影响。在亚洲赤道季风区 ,这两个系统的交界处约在 95°～ 10 0°E附近 ,比过去界定的偏西 5～ 10个经度。 相似文献
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Using the International Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set(ICOADS) and ERA-Interim data, spatial distributions of air-sea temperature difference(ASTD) in the South China Sea(SCS) for the past 35 years are compared,and variations of spatial and temporal distributions of ASTD in this region are addressed using empirical orthogonal function decomposition and wavelet analysis methods. The results indicate that both ICOADS and ERA-Interim data can reflect actual distribution characteristics of ASTD in the SCS, but values of ASTD from the ERA-Interim data are smaller than those of the ICOADS data in the same region. In addition, the ASTD characteristics from the ERA-Interim data are not obvious inshore. A seesaw-type, north-south distribution of ASTD is dominant in the SCS; i.e., a positive peak in the south is associated with a negative peak in the north in November, and a negative peak in the south is accompanied by a positive peak in the north during April and May. Interannual ASTD variations in summer or autumn are decreasing. There is a seesaw-type distribution of ASTD between Beibu Bay and most of the SCS in summer, and the center of large values is in the Nansha Islands area in autumn. The ASTD in the SCS has a strong quasi-3a oscillation period in all seasons, and a quasi-11 a period in winter and spring. The ASTD is positively correlated with the Nio3.4 index in summer and autumn but negatively correlated in spring and winter. 相似文献
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The spatial and temporal variations of daily maximum temperature(Tmax), daily minimum temperature(Tmin), daily maximum precipitation(Pmax) and daily maximum wind speed(WSmax) were examined in China using Mann-Kendall test and linear regression method. The results indicated that for China as a whole, Tmax, Tmin and Pmax had significant increasing trends at rates of 0.15℃ per decade, 0.45℃ per decade and 0.58 mm per decade,respectively, while WSmax had decreased significantly at 1.18 m·s~(-1) per decade during 1959—2014. In all regions of China, Tmin increased and WSmax decreased significantly. Spatially, Tmax increased significantly at most of the stations in South China(SC), northwestern North China(NC), northeastern Northeast China(NEC), eastern Northwest China(NWC) and eastern Southwest China(SWC), and the increasing trends were significant in NC, SC, NWC and SWC on the regional average. Tmin increased significantly at most of the stations in China, with notable increase in NEC, northern and southeastern NC and northwestern and eastern NWC. Pmax showed no significant trend at most of the stations in China, and on the regional average it decreased significantly in NC but increased in SC, NWC and the mid-lower Yangtze River valley(YR). WSmax decreased significantly at the vast majority of stations in China, with remarkable decrease in northern NC, northern and central YR, central and southern SC and in parts of central NEC and western NWC. With global climate change and rapidly economic development, China has become more vulnerable to climatic extremes and meteorological disasters, so more strategies of mitigation and/or adaptation of climatic extremes,such as environmentally-friendly and low-cost energy production systems and the enhancement of engineering defense measures are necessary for government and social publics. 相似文献
13.
Various features of the atmospheric environment affect the number of migratory insects, besides their initial population. However, little is known about the impact of atmospheric low-frequency oscillation(10 to 90 days) on insect migration. A case study was conducted to ascertain the influence of low-frequency atmospheric oscillation on the immigration of brown planthopper, Nilaparvata lugens(Stl), in Hunan and Jiangxi provinces. The results showed the following:(1) The number of immigrating N. lugens from April to June of 2007 through 2016 mainly exhibited a periodic oscillation of 10 to 20 days.(2) The 10-20 d low-frequency number of immigrating N. lugens was significantly correlated with a low-frequency wind field and a geopotential height field at 850 h Pa.(3) During the peak phase of immigration, southwest or south winds served as a driving force and carried N. lugens populations northward, and when in the back of the trough and the front of the ridge, the downward airflow created a favorable condition for N. lugens to land in the study area. In conclusion, the northward migration of N. lugens was influenced by a low-frequency atmospheric circulation based on the analysis of dynamics. This study was the first research connecting atmospheric low-frequency oscillation to insect migration. 相似文献
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The atmospheric and oceanic conditions before the onset of EP El Ni?o and CP El Ni?o in nearly 30 years are compared and analyzed by using 850 hPa wind, 20℃ isotherm depth, sea surface temperature and the Wheeler and Hendon index. The results are as follows: In the western equatorial Pacific, the occurrence of the anomalously strong westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Its intensity is far stronger than that of the CP El Ni?o. Two months before the El Ni?o, the anomaly westerly winds of the EP El Ni?o have extended to the eastern Pacific region, while the westerly wind anomaly of the CP El Ni?o can only extend to the west of the dateline three months before the El Ni?o and later stay there. Unlike the EP El Ni?o, the CP El Ni?o is always associated with easterly wind anomaly in the eastern equatorial Pacific before its onset. The thermocline depth anomaly of the EP El Ni?o can significantly move eastward and deepen. In addition, we also find that the evolution of thermocline is ahead of the development of the sea surface temperature for the EP El Ni?o. The strong MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o in the western and central Pacific is earlier than that of the CP El Ni?o. Measured by the standard deviation of the zonal wind square, the intensity of MJO activity of the EP El Ni?o is significantly greater than that of the CP El Ni?o before the onset of El Ni?o. 相似文献
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Fei LIU Chen XING Jinbao LI Bin WANG Jing CHAI Chaochao GAO Gang HUANG Jian LIU Deliang CHEN 《大气科学进展》2020,37(7):663-670
正The Taal Volcano in Luzon is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes of the Philippines. A recent eruption occurred on 12 January 2020(Fig. 1a), and this volcano is still active with the occurrence of volcanic earthquakes. The eruption has become a deep concern worldwide, not only for its damage on local society, but also for potential hazardous consequences on the Earth's climate and environment. 相似文献
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Storms that occur at the Bay of Bengal (BoB) are of a bimodal pattern, which is different from that of the other sea areas. By using the NCEP, SST and JTWC data, the causes of the bimodal pattern storm activity of the BoB are diagnosed and analyzed in this paper. The result shows that the seasonal variation of general atmosphere circulation in East Asia has a regulating and controlling impact on the BoB storm activity, and the “bimodal period” of the storm activity corresponds exactly to the seasonal conversion period of atmospheric circulation. The minor wind speed of shear spring and autumn contributed to the storm, which was a crucial factor for the generation and occurrence of the “bimodal pattern” storm activity in the BoB. The analysis on sea surface temperature (SST) shows that the SSTs of all the year around in the BoB area meet the conditions required for the generation of tropical cyclones (TCs). However, the SSTs in the central area of the bay are higher than that of the surrounding areas in spring and autumn, which facilitates the occurrence of a “two-peak” storm activity pattern. The genesis potential index (GPI) quantifies and reflects the environmental conditions for the generation of the BoB storms. For GPI, the intense low-level vortex disturbance in the troposphere and high-humidity atmosphere are the sufficient conditions for storms, while large maximum wind velocity of the ground vortex radius and small vertical wind shear are the necessary conditions of storms. 相似文献
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Observed daily precipitation data from the National Meteorological Observatory in Hainan province and daily data from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) reanalysis-2 dataset from 1981 to 2014 are used to analyze the relationship between Hainan extreme heavy rainfall processes in autumn (referred to as EHRPs) and 10–30 d low-frequency circulation. Based on the key low-frequency signals and the NCEP Climate Forecast System Version 2 (CFSv2) model forecasting products, a dynamical-statistical method is established for the extended-range forecast of EHRPs. The results suggest that EHRPs have a close relationship with the 10–30 d low-frequency oscillation of 850 hPa zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north, and that they basically occur during the trough phase of the low-frequency oscillation of zonal wind. The latitudinal propagation of the low-frequency wave train in the middle-high latitudes and the meridional propagation of the low-frequency wave train along the coast of East Asia contribute to the ‘north high (cold), south low (warm)’ pattern near Hainan Island, which results in the zonal wind over Hainan Island and to its north reaching its trough, consequently leading to EHRPs. Considering the link between low-frequency circulation and EHRPs, a low-frequency wave train index (LWTI) is defined and adopted to forecast EHRPs by using NCEP CFSv2 forecasting products. EHRPs are predicted to occur during peak phases of LWTI with value larger than 1 for three or more consecutive forecast days. Hindcast experiments for EHRPs in 2015–2016 indicate that EHRPs can be predicted 8–24 d in advance, with an average period of validity of 16.7 d. 相似文献
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Based on the measurements obtained at 64 national meteorological stations in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region between 1970 and 2013, the potential evapotranspiration (ET0) in this region was estimated using the Penman–Monteith equation and its sensitivity to maximum temperature (Tmax), minimum temperature (Tmin), wind speed (Vw), net radiation (Rn) and water vapor pressure (Pwv) was analyzed, respectively. The results are shown as follows. (1) The climatic elements in the BTH region underwent significant changes in the study period. Vw and Rn decreased significantly, whereas Tmin, Tmax and Pwv increased considerably. (2) In the BTH region, ET0 also exhibited a significant decreasing trend, and the sensitivity of ET0 to the climatic elements exhibited seasonal characteristics. Of all the climatic elements, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv in the fall and winter and Rn in the spring and summer. On the annual scale, ET0 was most sensitive to Pwv, followed by Rn, Vw, Tmax and Tmin. In addition, the sensitivity coefficient of ET0 with respect to Pwv had a negative value for all the areas, indicating that increases in Pwv can prevent ET0 from increasing. (3) The sensitivity of ET0 to Tmin and Tmax was significantly lower than its sensitivity to other climatic elements. However, increases in temperature can lead to changes in Pwv and Rn. The temperature should be considered the key intrinsic climatic element that has caused the "evaporation paradox" phenomenon in the BTH region. 相似文献
19.
Yuepeng PAN Mengna GU Yuexin HE Dianming WU Chunyan LIU Linlin SONG Shili TIAN Xuemei Lü Yang SUN Tao SONG Wendell W. WALTERS Xuejun LIU Nicholas A. MARTIN Qianqian ZHANG Yunting FANG Valerio FERRACCI Yuesi WANG 《大气科学进展》2020,37(9):933-938
正While China’s Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan on particulate matter since 2013 has reduced sulfate significantly, aerosol ammonium nitrate remains high in East China. As the high nitrate abundances are strongly linked with ammonia, reducing ammonia emissions is becoming increasingly important to improve the air quality of China. Although satellite data provide evidence of substantial increases in atmospheric ammonia concentrations over major agricultural regions, long-term surface observation of ammonia concentrations are sparse. In addition, there is still no consensus on 相似文献
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