共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 187 毫秒
1.
文章分析秦皇岛4个海水浴场6个监测站位2015—2018年采集水质样品中粪大肠菌群和溶解氧的变化趋势,并结合《海水水质标准》和《海滨浴场游泳适宜度分级规定》,对4个浴场的水质进行分析评价。结果表明:粪大肠菌群是海水浴场的主要污染物,粪大肠菌群浓度的变化主要受降雨、游客数量、温度和陆源污染物影响。尤其强降雨后,粪大肠菌群浓度升高较明显。浴场的溶解氧含量变化不大,年均值均满足二类水质标准,其主要受水温和浮游生物等因素影响,高峰值多出现在9月和10月。秦皇岛4个海水浴场的水质优良状况表现为南戴河浴场最好、东山浴场和北戴河浴场次之、西浴场最差。 相似文献
2.
3.
海水浴场作为重要的娱乐场所,其水质卫生状况对保障公众健康极其重要。对全国重点海水浴场中轮状病毒、星状病毒和脊髓灰质炎病毒进行了调查,因为这3种病毒是引发腹泻性胃肠炎的重要病原。2007年8月选定全国10个重点海水浴场,于游泳区设定2个站位,无菌采集表层海水,用Millipore的病毒浓缩包进行海水中病毒的浓缩,用RT-PCR进行三种病毒的监测。调查结果显示:轮状病毒阳性检出率达40%(8/20)、星状病毒的为35%(7/20)、脊髓灰质炎病毒的为35%(7/20);在这十大重点海水浴场中,除北海一处无病毒检出外,其余均有不同程度的病毒阳性检出,表明我国的重点海水浴场水质已经遭受肠道病毒不同程度的污染。建议相关部门应该加强海水浴场的卫生管理,避免公众因在海水浴场娱乐导致疾病。 相似文献
4.
粪大肠菌群检测方法及研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采取精确、快速、可靠的粪大肠菌群检测方法,对确保海水浴场和水产养殖的健康发展、控制流行疾病的发生传播,从而保障公众健康安全及生态平衡有重要的预报价值和科学意义.在参阅国内外大量文献的基础上,详细归纳了检测粪大肠菌群发酵法、滤膜法、酶底物法、聚合酶链式反应技术、荧光原位杂交技术、自动化检测方法等的各自的优缺点及研究进展,并认为今后一段时间内粪大肠菌群检测新技术将与传统方法并存,在新技术支持下的精确、快速、可靠、环保、低廉的检测仪器将会被研发和得到应用与普及. 相似文献
5.
厦门港近岸水域中粪大肠菌群分布的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
早在1885年,埃希氏从粪便中发现了大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli),尔后用它作为水、食品、土壤等被粪便污染的标志,海水中大肠菌群是水质污染的重要指标之一.假若沿海城市沿岸、海水浴场和各种养殖场等水域遭受到污水严重污染时,都可能引起某些疾病的发生和流行.因此,调查和监测沿岸水域中粪大肠菌群数,将具有重要的卫生学和流行病学意义,国外,尤其是日本对港湾、流入海域河口和太平洋沿岸水域以及某些经济性海域(如贝类养殖场)大肠菌群的分布作过大量调查研究[1-9],研究指出,盐度、pH、紫外线照射强度和海洋细菌、浮游植物所产生的有害物质是影响海水中大肠菌群存活率的重要因素[10-13],迄今为止,有关海水中粪大肠菌群的分布,我国尚未见报道.本文对厦门港近岸水域中粪大肠菌群分布及其一些影响因素作了初步调查分析. 相似文献
6.
7.
秦山核电站邻近水域大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群的分布 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文对秦山核电站邻近水域表层海水中大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群的分布作了春、夏、秋、冬四季的初步调查分析。结果表明,大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群的分布范围为0～3500个/dm~3,并在一年四季中都能检出大肠菌群和粪大肠菌群。其分布趋势为沿岸高于外侧,退潮大于涨潮,南部多于北部。细菌的数量随水温、盐度、潮汐等环境因子的变化而变化。 相似文献
8.
盐度对MPN法测定沿岸海水粪大肠菌群数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粪大肠菌群是在44℃温度下能生长并发酵乳糖产酸产气的微生物生理群,是总大肠菌群中的一部分,水质污染的生物学指标之一。文中使用五管发酵MPN法研究了培养液和稀释水盐度在5,10,15,20,25,30,35七个盐度梯度下对沿岸海水粪大肠菌群数量的影响,结果表明:5~35的七个盐度梯度间的粪大肠菌群数量差异极显著(P<0.01),在盐度为10~25时,粪大肠菌群数量较为丰富,而在两端盐度的范围,粪大肠菌群数量较少,表明使用MPN法测定近岸海水的粪大肠菌群数量时,培养液和稀释水的盐度不宜过高和过低。调查站位间粪大肠菌群数的水平差异与陆源排污及其影响有关。 相似文献
9.
为分析全国海水浴场、贝类增养殖区人类肠道腺病毒的污染状况,采用超滤浓缩方法,TaqMan探针实时定量PCR技术对其进行了定量。结果表明,全国10个海水浴场表层海水中腺病毒的阳性检出率为35%,含量为1.1×107~2.8×107 copies/L。在离岸100m和1 000m处腺病毒的分布无显著差别(p0.05);在调查的162份贝类样品中,腺病毒的阳性检出率为11.7%,含量为2.4×104~3.1×105 copies/g。6类经济贝类中牡蛎带病毒量最高。由此可见,全国范围内海水浴场表层海水和主要增养殖区经济贝类中腺病毒污染比较普遍,尤其以山东、辽宁和浙江三省最为严重,给洗浴者和消费者健康造成潜在威胁。人类肠道腺病毒可以很好地指示粪便污染,调查其在海水浴场和经济贝类中的分布,可以帮助公众预警胃肠道病毒的暴发流行,本研究为开展全国腺病毒的环境风险评估和分子流行病学调查奠定了良好的基础。 相似文献
10.
11.
《Oceanologica Acta》1998,21(6):983-992
To improve the knowledge of the survival of enteric viruses in a marine environment, the influence of physico-chemical parameters (temperature, UV, salinity) on the survival of infectious poliovirus 1 and hepatitis A virus (HAV) in seawater was first studied, the influence of suspended solids (SS) on poliovirus adsorption and survival in seawater was then evaluated and the detection of rotavirus genome in environmental samples (shellfish, river water, treated wastewater) was finally investigated. The results show that temperature has a major impact on virus survival in seawater as the time necessary to inactivate 90 % of the virus (T90) is 671 days at 4 °C and only 25 days at 25 °C. Ultraviolet light (42 mW s cm−2) rapidly inactivates viruses but HAV is more resistant (T90 = 2.6 min) than the poliovirus 1 (T90 = 1.3 min). By contrast, seawater salinity has no effect on virus survival. In presence of SS, 90 % to 99.9 % of the viruses were adsorbed. This adsorption does not provide any protection for viruses with low SS concentrations (3 and 15 mg L−1) but a slight increase in virus survival was observed with a high SS concentration (500 mg L−1). Finally environmental sample analysis indicated that 20 % shellfish, about 40 % river water and 40 % treated wastewater tested positive for the rotavirus genome. 相似文献
12.
Sabella spallanzanii filter-feeding on bacterial community: ecological implications and applications
Stabili L Licciano M Giangrande A Fanelli G Cavallo RA 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(1):74-92
The filtration process of Sabella spallanzanii Gmelin on bacterial community was studied in a coastal area of the Northern Ionian Sea (Mediterranean Sea) at three sites, S. Vito, Lido Gandoli and Lido Silvana, where some specimens of S. spallanzanii were transplanted. Analyses were performed both on water and worm samples. A total of six microbial groups were examined: culturable heterotrophic bacteria, total culturable bacteria at 37 degrees C, culturable vibrios, total and fecal coliforms and fecal streptococci. The bacterial densities were usually orders of magnitude higher in the worm homogenates than in the corresponding seawater and the highest values were observed in August. The ability of S. spallanzanii to accumulate the microbial pollution indicators suggests this species can be employed as a bioindicator for monitoring water quality. Moreover, the accumulation capability of S. spallanzanii for specific micro-organisms provides a potential role in sewage bioremediation. 相似文献
13.
Rosenfeld LK McGee CD Robertson GL Noble MA Jones BH 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(5):471-493
Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations measured in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA from July 1998-December 2001 were analyzed with respect to their spatial patterns along 23 km of beach, and temporal variability on time scales from hourly to fortnightly. The majority of samples had bacterial concentrations less than, or equal to, the minimum detection limit, but a small percentage exceeded the California recreational water standards. Areas where coliform bacteria exceeded standards were more prevalent north of the Santa Ana River, whereas enterococci exceedances covered a broad area both north and south of the river. Higher concentrations of bacteria were associated with spring tides. No temporal correspondence was found between these bacterial events and either the timing of cold water pulses near shore due to internal tides, or the presence of southerly swell in the surface wave field. All three fecal indicator bacteria exhibited a diel cycle, but enterococci rebounded to high nighttime values almost as soon as the sun went down, whereas coliform levels were highest near the nighttime low tide, which was also the lower low tide. 相似文献
14.
The New Zealand Waters Pollution Regulations 1963, referring to recreational water to which the public can gain access, states that the “coliform bacteria content shall not consistently exceed 1,000/100 ml”. This standard is now under revision, and the suggested new standard is a median faecal coliform index of 200/100 ml with a maximum value not exceeding 400/100 ml. Recent literature supports the use of faecal coliform sub‐group bacteria as the best indicator of faecal pollution and reference is made to the membership of this sub‐group. Inherent inaccuracies of the Most Probable Number (MPN) method of assessing bacterial populations are pointed out, such as experimental variations with different cultural media, and possible errors in interpretation of results. In North America, there is evidence that an MPN for the total coliform group of 1000/100 ml indicates a faecal coliform sub‐group MPN of 200/100 ml, and epidemiological experience supports these values as standards. We tabulate and discuss evidence that the usual ratio of faecal coliforms : coliform group bacteria is typically 1 : 1 in fresh and marine waters of the Wellington region, and that a more attainable standard would be 500 faecal coliforms/100 ml. In ratios quoted in this paper, ‘coliform group’ means the remainder of the coliform group excluding faecal coliforms. The World Health Organisation (1963) definition, of the entire group of coliforms, is not intended. The ratio is different in other parts of New Zealand; in Auckland, for example, the ratio is close to that found in the United States. 相似文献
15.
Hueiwang Anna C. Jeng Andrew J. Englande Reda M. Bakeer Henry B. Bradford 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》2005,63(4):513-526
Urban stormwater runoff could contribute to the deterioration of water quality of a receiving water body. In this research, field studies and laboratory experiments were conducted to assess the microbial contamination resulting from urban stormwater runoff into the Lake Pontchartrain estuary. Fecal coliform, Escherichia coli and enterococci were used as indicator organisms. The specific objectives of the research were to examine the distribution of the indicator organisms in different environmental elements (water column, suspended particles and sediment) and to further investigate the mechanisms related to their fate. Results of the research indicated satisfactory water quality at the study sites during dry weather periods. However, a significant increase was observed in the concentrations of the indicator organisms in the water columns and sediment at specific study sites following a given stormwater event. Three to seven days were needed for the elevated indicator organisms to return back to their background levels in the water column and sediment, respectively. The mechanism of sedimentation contributed to a reduction in the microbial concentration in the water column, as the indicator organisms were found to attach to the suspended particles in the stormwater. The percentage of fecal coliform, E. coli and enterococci attached to the suspended particles was found to be within the range of 9.8–27.5%, 21.8–30.4%, and 8.4–11.5% of the total indicator organisms in the stormwater loaded into the estuary, respectively. About 75–80% of the total indicator organisms remained free-floating for some distance in the water column before dying off. 相似文献
16.
Marylyn D. Cooke 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):391-397
Coliform and faecal coliform bacteria isolated from potable water supplies (springs and wells), streams, seawater, and effluents were examined for the incidence of antibiotic resistance. More than 40% of the coliform and faecal coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water supplies were resistant to one or more antibiotics. In stream and seawater samples, the incidence was increased to more than 60%, and to more than 70% among faecal coliforms isolated from effluents. Approximately 40% of the isolates resistant to streptomycin or tetra‐cycline were able to transfer their resistance determinants to an antibiotic‐sensitive strain of Escherichia coli within 2 h. Although the widespread use of antibiotics is perhaps the major selective force favouring the increased incidence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, antibiotic‐resistant faecal coliforms may also have a selective advantage in natural waters. 相似文献
17.
Sediment traps are an important tool for studying the source, composition and sedimentation processes of sinking particulate matter in the ocean. An in situ observational mooring(TJ-A-1) is located in the northern South China Sea(20.05°N, 117.42°E) at a water depth of 2 100 m and equipped with two sediment traps deployed at 500 m and 1 950 m. Samples were collected at 18-day intervals, and 20 samples were obtained at both depths from May 2014 to May 2015. Large amounts of fecal matter and marine snow were collected in the lower trap. The fluxes of marine snow and fecal pellets exhibited a fluctuating decrease between May 2014 and early August 2014 and then stabilized at a relatively low level. Scanning electron microscopy observations revealed that the main components of the marine snow and fecal pellets were diatoms, coccolithophores, radiolarians, and other debris, all of which are planktons mostly produced in photic zone. Used in conjunction with the particle collection range estimates from the lower trap and data on ocean surface chlorophyll, these marine snow and fecal pellets were related to the lateral transport of deep water and not vertical migrations from overlying water column. Moreover, the source area might be southwest of Taiwan. 相似文献