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盐度对MPN法测定沿岸海水粪大肠菌群数的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
粪大肠菌群是在44℃温度下能生长并发酵乳糖产酸产气的微生物生理群,是总大肠菌群中的一部分,水质污染的生物学指标之一。文中使用五管发酵MPN法研究了培养液和稀释水盐度在5,10,15,20,25,30,35七个盐度梯度下对沿岸海水粪大肠菌群数量的影响,结果表明:5~35的七个盐度梯度间的粪大肠菌群数量差异极显著(P<0.01),在盐度为10~25时,粪大肠菌群数量较为丰富,而在两端盐度的范围,粪大肠菌群数量较少,表明使用MPN法测定近岸海水的粪大肠菌群数量时,培养液和稀释水的盐度不宜过高和过低。调查站位间粪大肠菌群数的水平差异与陆源排污及其影响有关。 相似文献
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罗源湾海水中粪大肠菌群的分布和年际变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
于2003年1月到2005年12月对罗源湾海区表层海水中的粪大肠菌群数量和分布进行了调查监测。监测结果表明:罗源湾表层海水中粪大肠菌群的数量在<2～540个/100mL之间,3年中月平均高值出现在8到10月份,低值出现在1到4月份,且年平均值呈逐年递增。原因分析发现,影响湾内海水中FCB的月平均值数量变化的最主要因素是降水量。另外通过多点采样结果比较,发现罗源湾表层海水中FCB的空间分布呈现为:湾内腹海区>湾中间海区>湾口海区。通过国家海水水质标准(GB3097-1997)对本次的调查监测结果进行评价,从2003年到2005年罗源湾海区海水中粪大肠菌群的达标率分别为100%,98.0%和97.9%,表明罗源湾海区表层海水的FCB污染相对较轻。 相似文献
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蔡雷鸣 《海洋通报(英文版)》2010,12(1):48-58
本文于2003年1月到2005年12月对罗源湾海区表层海水中的粪大肠菌群数量和分布进行了调查监测。监测结果表明：罗源湾表层海水中粪大肠菌群的数量在〈2～540个／100mL之间，3年中月平均高值出现在8到10月份，低值出现在1到4月份，且年平均值呈逐年递增。原因分析发现，影响湾内海水中FCB的月平均值数量变化的最主要因素是降水量。另外通过多点采样结果比较，发现罗源湾表层海水中FCB的空间分布呈现为：湾内腹海区〉湾中间海区〉湾口海区。通过国家海水水质标准（GB3097-1997）对本次的调查监测结果进行评价，从2003年到2005年罗源湾海区海水中粪大肠菌群的达标率分别为100％，98．0％和97．9％，表明罗源湾海区表层海水的FCB污染相对较轻。 相似文献
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粪大肠菌群检测方法及研究进展 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
采取精确、快速、可靠的粪大肠菌群检测方法,对确保海水浴场和水产养殖的健康发展、控制流行疾病的发生传播,从而保障公众健康安全及生态平衡有重要的预报价值和科学意义.在参阅国内外大量文献的基础上,详细归纳了检测粪大肠菌群发酵法、滤膜法、酶底物法、聚合酶链式反应技术、荧光原位杂交技术、自动化检测方法等的各自的优缺点及研究进展,并认为今后一段时间内粪大肠菌群检测新技术将与传统方法并存,在新技术支持下的精确、快速、可靠、环保、低廉的检测仪器将会被研发和得到应用与普及. 相似文献
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文章分析秦皇岛4个海水浴场6个监测站位2015—2018年采集水质样品中粪大肠菌群和溶解氧的变化趋势,并结合《海水水质标准》和《海滨浴场游泳适宜度分级规定》,对4个浴场的水质进行分析评价。结果表明:粪大肠菌群是海水浴场的主要污染物,粪大肠菌群浓度的变化主要受降雨、游客数量、温度和陆源污染物影响。尤其强降雨后,粪大肠菌群浓度升高较明显。浴场的溶解氧含量变化不大,年均值均满足二类水质标准,其主要受水温和浮游生物等因素影响,高峰值多出现在9月和10月。秦皇岛4个海水浴场的水质优良状况表现为南戴河浴场最好、东山浴场和北戴河浴场次之、西浴场最差。 相似文献
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香港大埔海海水和几种食用贝类中含大肠菌群的初步检测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
海洋受各种废物投弃的影响,生活污水的排放和地面径流造成沿海地带受到粪大肠菌群的污染。如海域受到污水严重污染或人们食用受污染的海产品,都有可能引起某些疾病的发生和流行。海水中粪大肠菌群早已作为指示水质污染的重要标志之一。它的出现和高数量则表明水域受到温血动物粪便的污染。因此,调查和监测沿海水域及海产品的粪大肠菌群的数量变化,具有重要的卫生学和流行病学的意义。日本和欧美许多国家曾对某些港湾、河口以及一些经济性海域的大肠菌群分布作过调查和监测。 相似文献
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厦门港近岸水域中粪大肠菌群分布的初步研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
早在1885年,埃希氏从粪便中发现了大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli),尔后用它作为水、食品、土壤等被粪便污染的标志,海水中大肠菌群是水质污染的重要指标之一.假若沿海城市沿岸、海水浴场和各种养殖场等水域遭受到污水严重污染时,都可能引起某些疾病的发生和流行.因此,调查和监测沿岸水域中粪大肠菌群数,将具有重要的卫生学和流行病学意义,国外,尤其是日本对港湾、流入海域河口和太平洋沿岸水域以及某些经济性海域(如贝类养殖场)大肠菌群的分布作过大量调查研究[1-9],研究指出,盐度、pH、紫外线照射强度和海洋细菌、浮游植物所产生的有害物质是影响海水中大肠菌群存活率的重要因素[10-13],迄今为止,有关海水中粪大肠菌群的分布,我国尚未见报道.本文对厦门港近岸水域中粪大肠菌群分布及其一些影响因素作了初步调查分析. 相似文献
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胶州湾水域异养细菌、大肠菌群和石油降解菌的生态分布 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
通过对1991～1998年的胶州湾10个常规监测站的有关微生物方面的分析研究,发现胶州湾水域中异养细菌、大肠菌群、石油降解菌的数量普遍较高,三者在表层水体中的最高值分别达1．1×106,4.6×104,4.6×102个／ml;异养细菌和大肠菌群的数量在胶州湾沿岸区域数量最高,湾心、湾口、湾外数量减少;大肠菌群和异养细菌的数量随季节变化明显,夏天数量多,冬天数量少,春、秋数量居中,与水温有着紧密的关系;石油降解菌的数量一年四季变化不大;异养细菌和大肠菌群之间存在着相关关系,且二者的数量与水域中的溶解有机碳、无机氮、无机磷等营养盐的含量有着一定的关系。 相似文献
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Rosenfeld LK McGee CD Robertson GL Noble MA Jones BH 《Marine environmental research》2006,61(5):471-493
Fecal indicator bacteria concentrations measured in the surf zone off Huntington Beach, CA from July 1998-December 2001 were analyzed with respect to their spatial patterns along 23 km of beach, and temporal variability on time scales from hourly to fortnightly. The majority of samples had bacterial concentrations less than, or equal to, the minimum detection limit, but a small percentage exceeded the California recreational water standards. Areas where coliform bacteria exceeded standards were more prevalent north of the Santa Ana River, whereas enterococci exceedances covered a broad area both north and south of the river. Higher concentrations of bacteria were associated with spring tides. No temporal correspondence was found between these bacterial events and either the timing of cold water pulses near shore due to internal tides, or the presence of southerly swell in the surface wave field. All three fecal indicator bacteria exhibited a diel cycle, but enterococci rebounded to high nighttime values almost as soon as the sun went down, whereas coliform levels were highest near the nighttime low tide, which was also the lower low tide. 相似文献
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Kazunari Ogawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1973,29(5):203-208
Distribution of coliform bacteria was surveyed monthly during July-1968 through December-1969 in Shimizu Harbor and Orido Bay. Among three significant rivers flowing into the coastal region, the water of Tomoe River was most microbiologically polluted. Throughout the period of investigation horizontal distribution of the bacterial density was highest at the estuary of the Tomoe River, and its density decreased toward Shimizu Harbor and Orido Bay.It was shown that the bacterial density decreased from surface to deeper layer. High density of bacteria was observed in bottom deposits at winter. The bacterial distribution might be disturbed by current caused by geographical features.Various types of coliform group were isolated in the surveyed areas. All types ofE. coli, E. freundii, A. aerogenes and Irregular appeared in the area of estuaries, and only limited types occurred in offshore.Bacterial number increased from upper stream toward the mouth of each river. The bacterial density differed from river to river. In the rivers flowing through the city the bacterial density changed with water temperature, whereas in the river running through agricultual district it might be affected with the rainfall. 相似文献
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本文分析了1989年4月(春),7月(夏),10月(秋)和1990年1月(冬)秦山邻近水域表层水中石油降解细菌的丰度和分布规律,同时比较了温度、含油量、营养盐、溶解氧、盐度等环境因素对其数量变动的影响。分析结果发现,测区表层水中石油降解菌数量最高值达1.1×10~5个/dm~3,最低值为400个/dm~3,季节变化波动于97～4.9×10~4个/dm~3之间,菌量变化与水温,含油量呈正相关,与盐度呈负相关趋势,认为测区高营养盐、高溶解氧状况可能不成为石油降解细菌生长繁殖的限制因子,并指出测区低丰度的石油降解菌数量与该海区低水平的油污是一致的。 相似文献
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Marylyn D. Cooke 《新西兰海洋与淡水研究杂志》2013,47(3):391-397
Coliform and faecal coliform bacteria isolated from potable water supplies (springs and wells), streams, seawater, and effluents were examined for the incidence of antibiotic resistance. More than 40% of the coliform and faecal coliform bacteria isolated from drinking water supplies were resistant to one or more antibiotics. In stream and seawater samples, the incidence was increased to more than 60%, and to more than 70% among faecal coliforms isolated from effluents. Approximately 40% of the isolates resistant to streptomycin or tetra‐cycline were able to transfer their resistance determinants to an antibiotic‐sensitive strain of Escherichia coli within 2 h. Although the widespread use of antibiotics is perhaps the major selective force favouring the increased incidence of antibiotic‐resistant bacteria, antibiotic‐resistant faecal coliforms may also have a selective advantage in natural waters. 相似文献
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中国重点海水浴场中粪肠球菌和主要肠道病毒的调查研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文调查了中国十大典型海水浴场,旨在监测人类肠道病毒在海水浴场的发生情况,并且找出表面海水中肠道病毒的存在与传统的粪便污染指示物一粪大肠菌群是否存在关系,如果存在,是什么关系。分别采用常规的平板计数法和RT-PCR技术对粪大肠菌群和人类致病性的主要肠道病毒（甲肝病毒、轮状病毒、脊髓灰质炎病毒）进行了检测。结果显示,在2... 相似文献
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Parke A. Rublee Susan M. Merkel Maria A. Faust 《Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science》1983,16(5):501-509
The number of bacteria in sediments, interstitial water and overlying tidal water of an oligohaline marsh system are about 109, 106 and 106 cells cm?3, respectively. Average cell size in the overlying water (about 0·06 μm3), is much smaller than that in sediments and interstitial water (about 0·18 μm3). Most bacterial cells in sediments are bound to sediment particles and less than 1% of the cells were displaced by percolating water through sediment columns. Concentration of bacteria in flooding tidal waters is generally higher than that in ebbing waters. Movement of bacterial biomass does not appear to be a significant mechanism of particulate organic transport in marsh sediments and marsh sediments do not appear to be a source of suspended bacteria for estuaries. 相似文献
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A study was carried out to investigate the grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates(HNF) on bacteria assemblages in the Yellow Sea Cold Water Mass(YSCWM) area in October, 2006. The results show that the HNF abundance ranges from 303 to 1 388 mL-1, with a mean of 884 mL-1. The HNF biomass is equivalent to 10.6%–115.6% of that of the bacteria. The maximum abundance of the HNF generally occurred in the upper 30 m water layer, with a vertical distribution pattern of surface layer abundance greater than middle layer abundance, then bottom layer abundance. The hydrological data show that the YSCWM is located in the northeastern part of the study area, typically 40 m beneath the surface. A weak correlation is found between the abundances of HNF and bacteria in both the YSCWM and its above water layer. One-way ANOVA analysis reveals that the abundance of HNF and bacteria differs between inside the YSCWM and in the above water mass. The ingestion rates of the HNF on bacteria was 8.02±3.43 h-1 in average. The grazing rate only represented 22.75%±6.91% of bacterial biomass or 6.55%+4.24% of bacterial production, implying that the HNF grazing was not the major factor contributing to the bacterial loss in the YSCWM areas. 相似文献
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珠江口异养细菌时空分布特征及其调控机制 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
河口是海陆相互作用的重要地带, 往往呈现出独特的生物地球化学过程, 是研究碳循环过程的重要场所。在春季(2015年5月)、夏季(2015年8月)和冬季(2016年1月)分别对珠江口海域异养附生细菌和游离细菌时空分布及其各自高核酸(HNA)、低核酸(LNA)类群的相对贡献进行了调查研究, 并对其调控因子进行了相应探讨。结果表明, 珠江口异养细菌分布具有明显的时空差异。空间分布上, 珠江口异养细菌丰度自河口上游至下游呈递减趋势, 主要与上游污水输入以及珠江径流与高盐外海水在河口内的混合有关; 在雨季, 河口中下游盐度锋面区出现异养细菌丰度和叶绿素a质量浓度的高值区, 锋面区使营养物质停留时间增加, 促进浮游生物生长。垂直方向上, 表层异养细菌丰度略高于底层。时间尺度上, 异养细菌总丰度在春季最高(表层均值为2.94±1.23×109个 •L-1, 底层为2.81±1.50×109个 •L-1), 夏季次之(表层均值为2.32±0.43×109个 •L-1, 底层为1.90±0.50×109个 •L-1), 冬季最低(表层均值为1.06±0.33×109个 •L-1, 底层为9.76± 3.44×108个 •L-1)。珠江口海域异养细菌以附生细菌为主, 占异养细菌总丰度的16.56%~96.19%, 整体分布较稳定, 冬季最高(平均78.65%)、夏季(70.32%)与春季相近(68.17%)。附生细菌以代谢活跃的HNA类群为主, 游离细菌则主要以LNA类群为主, 代谢活性整体相对较低。 相似文献
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Kazunari Ogawa 《Journal of Oceanography》1974,30(2):54-60
Some experiments were carried out to explain thein situ phenomena that the number of coliform organisms decreased rapidly from estuaries to offshore, and also at deeper layer, and that the appearance of coliform types varied.In natural seawater, experimental results did not show thatEscherichia coli was extinct by self-purification or anti-biosis action of seawater, but it showed that this organism decreased mainly because of their starvation caused by lack of nourishment. Although the decreasing rate of bacterial density was delayed in enriched seawater, addition of nutrient even at the time of bacterial extinction promoted the appearance of variated form of this bacteria with floc formation.Flocculation of bacterial cells was influenced by quality and quantity of added nutrients. Temperature was shown to have an effect on the floc formation, but appearance of variated form in flocculated cells ofE. coli was not affected by temperature. Flocculated particles of coliform bacteria were adsorbed on suspended particles in seawater and precipitated rapidly. This phenomenon seems to be a cause of the rapid disappearance of coliform bacteria in coastal waters.In bottom deposits the coliform bacteria probably survive longer as physiologically variated forms when suitable nutrients were supplied. 相似文献