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1.
为了揭示苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区附着绿藻和绿藻微观繁殖体的分布现状,从2013年三月到五月份对苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区及附近海域进行航次调查。结果表明, 绿藻微观繁殖体在水体和沉积物中广泛分布,水体中的平均值为267株/L,沉积物中的平均值为43株/g。调查期间,紫菜养殖区筏架上附着绿藻的生物量持续增长。在紫菜筏架上发现有浒苔,缘管浒苔,盒管藻三种绿藻,其优势种为盒管藻,其次是浒苔。研究表明,绿潮发生早期在苏北浅滩海域存在绿藻微观繁殖体和附着绿藻,这将为中国绿潮治理提供理论支撑。  相似文献   

2.
本研究通过在2017年秋冬季组织实施的2个绿潮种源调查航次,研究苏北浅滩紫菜养殖区沉积物中的大型绿藻微观繁殖体的垂直分布和物种多样性。对沉积物中的微观繁殖体的定量实验结果表明:表层泥样中绿藻微观繁殖体的丰度最高,随着深度的增加迅速降低。在9月份表层沉积物中丰度为9±2ind./g,而在11月份表层丰度达到98±25ind./g;与9月份相比, 11月份浅滩沉积物中绿藻繁殖体数量呈现出显著升高的趋势。通过对51个绿藻样品的分子鉴定发现:沉积物中存在石莼属(Ulva)、尾孢藻属(Urospora)、盘苔属(Blidingia)等大型绿藻的微观繁殖体;数量占优是石莼属繁殖体,主要包括曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)、浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、扁浒苔(Ulva compressa)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza);其中曲浒苔占据的比例最高,在9和11月份分别达到80.94%和73.33%。在2个调查航次中,都从沉积物中发现了绿潮浒苔的微观繁殖体,这些微观繁殖体是绿潮浒苔在苏北浅滩种源维持的重要方式和关键阶段,也构成了黄海浒苔绿潮连年暴发的"种子库"。  相似文献   

3.
自2007年以来,黄海海域已连续爆发大规模浒苔绿潮并造成了严重的经济损失。在苏北浅滩条斑紫菜养殖筏架上的定生浒苔被认为是漂浮绿潮藻的主要来源。然而,现阶段对筏架定生绿藻的种源基础并不清楚。因此,在本研究中,我们通过现场调查结合室内试验来揭示了筏架定生绿藻的繁殖体源。同时,为了对黄海大规模绿潮进行防控,我们对防止绿藻在紫菜养殖筏架的附着做了相关研究。结果表明,(1)包括浒苔、缘管浒苔、扁浒苔、曲浒苔以及盘苔这五种海藻的微观繁殖体共同存在于苏北浅滩海域的水体及沉积物中,而且在不同时期它们的比例变化明显。(2)经过去皮处理后的毛竹可明显抑制浒苔微观繁殖体的附着。通过本研究,我们明确分布于苏北浅滩海域的绿藻微观繁殖体是黄海大规模绿潮的种源基础。同时,我们为从源头防控黄海大规模绿潮的发生提供了一个可行的手段。  相似文献   

4.
为了探讨绿藻微观繁殖体在江苏紫菜养殖区的分布及其种类组成,分析其在绿潮形成发展过程中的作用,于2012年秋季对江苏近岸紫菜养殖区及附近海域进行水体和养殖区内沉积物、绠绳和养殖竹片的绿藻微观繁殖体调查研究。通过实验室培养萌发实验的方法确定了繁殖体在水体、沉积物、绠绳和养殖竹片上的数量,并对培养出的绿藻幼苗进行RFLP分析,确定其属种。结果表明,水体中微观繁殖体数量介于12~648株/L,高值区主要集中在紫菜养殖区站位,其中最高值出现在泥螺沙(NLS)站位。并且,小洋口(XYK)、高泥(GN)、泥螺沙(NLS)3个站位的水体、沉积物、绠绳和养殖竹片上均有绿藻繁殖体固着,其平均值分别为374株/L、7.9株/g、3.6和12.8株/cm2。通过分子检测发现,通过繁殖体培养萌发的绿藻种类主要存在浒苔(Ulva prolifera),缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)和Ulva sp.1 3种,其所占的比例分别是46%、14%和40%。因此,调查海域广泛存在绿藻微观繁殖体,其分布趋势呈现近岸高外海低,由养殖区向外扩散的趋势。江苏南部紫菜养殖区是繁殖体存在的一个重要源头。通过研究繁殖体在苏北浅滩的分布现状及种类组成情况,为该区域的绿潮溯源研究提供有力的支持。  相似文献   

5.
江苏-山东沿岸大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布特征研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
为研究暴发浒苔绿潮的黄海近岸水体中大型绿藻微观繁殖体时空分布和种群演替,以及绿潮对海域繁殖体群落结构的影响,本研究在江苏-山东沿岸设置4个站位,开展周年取样调查研究。通过室内培养和分子检测结合的方法,共鉴定出6种大型绿藻:缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、浒苔(U. prolifera)、扁浒苔(U. compressa)、孔石莼(U. pertusa)、未命名种(Ulva sp.) 和盘苔(Blidingia sp.)。定量研究结果表明,各站位微观繁殖体丰度和种类组成具有明显时空变化特征,苏北浅滩与青岛近岸周年绿藻微观繁殖体丰度明显高于连云港燕尾港和日照岚山港站位;各站位丰度呈双峰型波动,春季到初夏达最高,秋季为次高峰,其他季节丰度较低。群落结构组成研究表明,苏北浅滩周年存在较高丰度的浒苔微观繁殖体(平均为77株/L),其中造成黄海大规模绿潮的“漂浮生态型”浒苔占绝对优势,年均占浒苔微观繁殖体总数的75.7%;青岛近岸微观繁殖体种类组成波动显著,在夏季大规模浒苔绿潮到达时,优势种从缘管浒苔转变成浒苔,其中,“漂浮生态型”浒苔微观繁殖体数量急剧上升,并在绿潮消退时快速消失。对比研究显示,苏北浅滩海域是浒苔微观繁殖体“栖息地”,对维持浒苔种群、造成绿潮连年暴发具有重要作用;青岛近岸微观繁殖体群落受到大规模漂浮浒苔的季节性扰动,其组成结构在绿潮暴发期发生显著变化。  相似文献   

6.
基于2011年3至5月对南黄海及长江口附近海域的水体与沉积物样品采集及实验室萌发培养实验,分析了绿潮暴发前期该海域微观繁殖体的时空分布特征。结果表明,在调查期间,南黄海水体中微观繁殖体空间分布趋势表现为近岸高远岸低,高值区主要集中在紫菜筏架养殖区附近海域,在122°30'E以东区域未发现有微观繁殖体存在。3,4,5月份该区域海水中平均微观繁殖体数分别为144 ,164和140株/dm3,最大值分别为278,426,和537株/dm3;南黄海沉积物中微观繁殖体数量分布范围介于19~127株/层,表层微观繁殖体数高于底层。长江口以北靠近江苏近岸区域有微观繁殖体存在,数量介于1~10株/dm3,31°N以南区域和河口内未发现有繁殖体分布,由此可排除黄海浒苔等绿藻微观繁殖体由长江水携带入海或来源于长江口南部海域。在春季绿潮暴发前开展该海域微观繁殖体的研究,可为查明绿潮发源地及早期发生发展过程提供基础资料,为预测和预警绿潮发生提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

7.
基于2011年3至5月对南黄海及长江口附近海域的水体与沉积物样品采集及实验室萌发培养实验,分析了绿潮暴发前期该海域微观繁殖体的时空分布特征。结果表明,在调查期间,南黄海水体中微观繁殖体空间分布趋势表现为近岸高远岸低,高值区主要集中在紫菜筏架养殖区附近海域,在122°30'E以东区域未发现有微观繁殖体存在。3,4,5月份该区域海水中平均微观繁殖体数分别为144 ,164和140株/dm3,最大值分别为278,426,和537株/dm3;南黄海沉积物中微观繁殖体数量分布范围介于19~127株/层,表层微观繁殖体数高于底层。长江口以北靠近江苏近岸区域有微观繁殖体存在,数量介于1~10株/dm3,31°N以南区域和河口内未发现有繁殖体分布,由此可排除黄海浒苔等绿藻微观繁殖体由长江水携带入海或来源于长江口南部海域。在春季绿潮暴发前开展该海域微观繁殖体的研究,可为查明绿潮发源地及早期发生发展过程提供基础资料,为预测和预警绿潮发生提供科技支撑。  相似文献   

8.
苏北浅滩是研究浒苔绿潮早期形成机制的重要区域,该区域紫菜养殖筏架上附生绿藻的群落结构变化对浒苔绿潮的发生具有重要影响,环境因素在其中发挥了重要作用。为了探明导致苏北浅滩绿藻群落结构变化的主要环境因素,本文通过分子生物学和种群生态学方法对筏架附生绿藻群落结构进行了研究,结果表明:(1)苏北浅滩筏架附生绿藻群落主要由浒苔(Ulva prolifera)、盘苔(Blidingia sp.)、缘管浒苔(Ulva linza)、曲浒苔(Ulva flexuosa)和其他绿藻5个类群构成;(2)绿藻群落具有明显的演替现象,环境温度是导致绿藻群落结构变化的关键环境因素,适低温性的绿藻逐渐被浒苔等适应较高温度的绿藻取代;(3)浒苔的生物量从3月的1.65 g/m增加到了5月的31.78 g/m,所占比例也从低于5%达到接近40%,生物量的大量积累为绿潮早期漂浮斑块的形成提供了物质基础。本文研究结果为黄海绿潮的早期预警和防控提供了生态学依据。  相似文献   

9.
马薇薇  王楠  孙妍  孙松 《海洋与湖沼》2023,54(6):1622-1633
黄海绿潮起源于苏北浅滩,每年夏天漂移到青岛沿岸泛滥成灾,对生态环境造成严重破坏。苏北浅滩受沿岸径流输入影响,盐度变化范围大,青岛海域盐度较稳定,稍高于苏北浅滩。盐度对浒苔微观繁殖体萌发、藻体生长及繁殖过程具有重要作用,通过室内连续受控实验,系统研究了固定盐度(5、10、15、20、25、30、33、35)和变化盐度(盐度逐渐降低)对浒苔微观繁殖体固着、萌发、藻体生长和繁殖不同阶段的影响,主要结论如下:固着阶段,盐度5不利于浒苔微观繁殖体的固着,盐度10~35对微观繁殖体固着的影响不显著,相同盐度下,孢子的固着量显著高于配子。萌发阶段,不同盐度(5~35)及不同盐度变化形式对微观繁殖体(孢子和配子)的萌发没有显著影响,孢子的萌发速度快于配子,最终均能完全萌发。生长阶段,低盐(5~15)不利于浒苔幼苗的生长。繁殖阶段,当盐度≤10时,浒苔不进行生殖活动;盐度15~35范围内,浒苔可以产生微观繁殖体,完成一个完整的生活史;在绿潮形成过程中,孢子的生殖策略为K对策,配子的生殖策略为R对策。上述结论表明,在苏北浅滩和青岛海域,盐度不是限制浒苔发生发展及繁殖过程的关键环境因子,明确了盐度在绿潮发生...  相似文献   

10.
黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与早期防控展望   总被引:4,自引:2,他引:2  
截至2019年,浒苔绿潮连续12年大规模暴发,对近海生态系统、沿岸环境与社会经济造成严重影响,已经成为黄海最严重的生态环境问题。本文总结了黄海浒苔绿潮防灾减灾现状与成效,分析了存在的问题,然后基于对该绿潮起源与成因的认识,将其早期分为3个关键过程,即浒苔微观繁殖体在养殖设施上的着生与生长过程,定生浒苔脱离附着基形成漂浮浒苔过程,浅滩漂浮浒苔进入深水区形成大面积绿潮过程。最后分别从加强新材料与技术研发防控绿藻着生、强化养殖设施回收管理严控定生绿藻落滩、浅滩汇聚通道拦截打捞等3种途径提出了早期防控措施建议,以期为黄海浒苔绿潮的源头防控提供科学依据。  相似文献   

11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ~200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ~380 km from the coast at a depth of ~250 m above the sea level.  相似文献   

12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability.  相似文献   

13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic regime of the sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

14.
双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺的检测方法初步研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
研究的目的是探索一种检测双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺含量的方法。以栉孔扇贝(Chlamysfarreri)和长牡蛎(Crassostreagigas)为实验对象,研究了取样、抗氧化剂、氧化铝用量以及Tris缓冲液用量等对实验结果的影响。结果表明,高效液相色谱电化学检测器法(HPLC-ECD)可以灵敏高效地对双壳贝类血淋巴中儿茶酚胺进行定性、定量检测。实验表明,取样时间最长不超过1.5min;还原性谷胱甘肽作抗氧化剂效果较好;前处理各试剂与血样量的最适配比为血样量1.5mL,Tris缓冲液(1.5mol/L,pH8.6)1mL和氧化铝25mg;水洗后离心并尽可能吸干氧化铝中的水分。去甲肾上腺素、肾上腺素和多巴胺的回收率分别为53%~69%、47%~73%和48%~56%。  相似文献   

15.
为研究黄河入海径流变化条件下河口附近海域盐度扩散特征,以更好地保护河口海域生物资源多样性,本文以黄河下游利津水文站的长序列实测径流数据资料为基础,利用近海水动力模型FVCOM,分析径流变化对黄河口海域盐度的影响规律。结果表明:黄河口与莱州湾之间存在顺时针的环流系统,在余流作用以及涨落潮方向的影响下,黄河冲淡水长期向莱州湾扩散;丰水期黄河冲淡水几乎影响了整个莱州湾,27盐度锋可以到达莱州湾中部,27等盐线的表层包络面积为2 665.61 km2,占莱州湾的1/4左右,枯水期低盐度水只有向南扩散的趋势,27以下的低盐度水集中分布在黄河口门附近,27等盐线的表层包络面积只有199.65 km2;5月份,随着入海径流量增加,27等盐线扩散的范围、距离、方向都会发生明显变化。在对近海生物资源有迫切保护需求的情景下,适当减少其他用水户供水量以增加入海生态径流量,可以有效改善黄河口海域附近的盐度情况,为生物资源的生长繁殖创造良好条件。  相似文献   

16.
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the shelf zone and open sea. Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

17.
The authors have previously determined that the effectiveness and failure pattern of the ice cover caused by flexural-gravity waves generated by a submerged body motion near the bottom ice can greatly depend on the depth of the water area. In its turn, the presence of a ledge on the ice surface may affect a wave propagation pattern. This paper presents an experimental study of the bottom contour influence on the deflection and length of flexural-gravity waves. The authors describe a numerical model for the analysis of the deformed state of ice caused by hydrodynamic loads due to a submarine motion, taking into account the bottom contour. The experiments are carried out in the ice tank. The results of calculations and experiments are compared.  相似文献   

18.
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state.  相似文献   

19.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area.  相似文献   

20.
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption (fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem, which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge, water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.). Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev  相似文献   

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