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1.
植物在逆境下产生活性氧,诱导抗氧化酶活性、抗逆基因表达上调。采用梯度盐度胁迫的方法处理条斑紫菜,发现高盐胁迫下细胞内脱落酸(ABA)含量随盐度的增加而增加,提示条斑紫菜中可能存在ABA介导的抗氧化代谢通路。利用ABA间接合成途径相关的几种抑制剂处理条斑紫菜叶状体,高盐胁迫诱导氧自由基产生,在藻体复苏过程中通过测定光合作用参数的恢复情况,探测藻体受到的氧化伤害,从而证明条斑紫菜中ABA生物合成的可能路径。结果显示多效唑显著降低了光系统II的电子传递能力,说明条斑紫菜中C5前体的合成是通过类似真菌的MVA途径;萘普生减缓了光合参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中ABA合成途径类似于类胡萝卜素参与的间接途径;然而,间接途径合成最后一步的抑制剂钨酸钠却没有影响条斑紫菜胁迫后光合作用参数的恢复,说明条斑紫菜中可能存在经由脱落醇生成ABA的支路途径,而脱落醇可作为活性分子,调控抗氧化酶的表达。烯唑醇则可能引起ABA的分解代谢受到抑制,导致过氧化氢的过度产生,并最终对机体产生不利影响。本文的结果为后续条斑紫菜ABA介导的抗氧化机制解析提供了数据支持。 相似文献
2.
本研究从条斑紫菜中克隆了一个丝裂原活化蛋白激酶(mitogen activated protein kinase)基因,命名为PyMAPK3。该基因全长2155bp,开放阅读框(ORF)1401bp,编码466个氨基酸,含有两个内含子。氨基酸序列分析表明,PyMAPK3磷酸化位点的氨基酸基序为TDY,其等电点为7.17,蛋白分子量为51.6KDa,亚细胞定位于叶绿体。荧光定量PCR技术对该基因在不同非生物胁迫条件下的转录差异分析结果显示,极端胁迫条件下基因表达量显著增加。蛋白免疫印迹技术对蛋白在不同胁迫条件下的表达量分析结果显示,在不同的胁迫条件下其翻译水平的表达模式表现出与转录水平的不一致性。本研究为深入了解条斑紫菜在逆境适应机制中MAPK蛋白的作用奠定基础,同时为条斑紫菜抗逆品系的选育提供理论指导。 相似文献
3.
以坛紫菜(Pyropia haitanensis)Z-61叶状体为材料,检测了高盐(110)胁迫与低盐(0)胁迫处理不同时间(0、4、8、24h和恢复4h)后叶状体中的羟自由基(·OH~-)清除能力、过氧化氢(H_2O_2)含量、丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧阴离子(O_2~-·)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(GSH)活性以及叶绿素荧光参数[包括PS II最大光化学效率(Fv/Fm)、表观光合电子传递效率(ETR)、非光化学荧光猝灭系数(NPQ)、实际光合作用效率Y(II)]的变化,以探究坛紫菜叶状体对不同盐度海水的耐受机制.结果表明,在高盐和低盐胁迫下,H_2O_2的含量和·OH~-的清除能力随时间增加而呈现逐渐上升的趋势,而O_2~-·的含量在胁迫4h显著升高后无显著变化.且相比于高盐(110),低盐(0)胁迫下坛紫菜叶状体会产生更多H_2O_2、O_2~-·和·OH~-,膜脂过氧化物丙二醛(MDA)含量增加更明显,说明低盐胁迫引起坛紫菜叶状体的氧化损伤要显著高于高盐胁迫.高盐胁迫24h后,SOD的活性达到了最大,CAT、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)的活性均呈现先上升后下降的变化趋势.低盐胁迫下,SOD、GSH的活性均不断增加,CAT、APX的活性先上升后下降.此外,低盐和高盐胁迫下,随时间的增加,叶绿素荧光参数均明显下降.上述结果表明,高盐和低盐胁迫下,坛紫菜叶状体的光合作用受到抑制,机体通过维持较高的抗氧化酶活性以提高活性氧的清除能力,进而保证藻体的正常存活. 相似文献
4.
微管是细胞骨架的主要成分,其结构及动力学机制对提高生物体耐受性具有重要作用。微管网络如何通过结构的动态变化调控适应环境变化已成为胁迫生物学领域的研究热点之一。条斑紫菜(Pyropiayezoensis)能够适应潮间带复杂多变的环境,是研究潮间带大型海藻抗逆机制的良好材料。目前对紫菜微管相关基因家族构成及其生物学功能的研究较少。本研究利用生物信息学方法,在条斑紫菜基因组中共鉴定出4个Tubulin基因(Pyα-tubulin 1、Pyα-tubulin 2、Pyβ-tubulin和Pyγ-tubulin)和11个Kinesin基因(PyKinesin1—PyKinesin11),并对其理化性质、基因结构、蛋白特征、染色体定位、系统进化和失水胁迫下的表达模式进行了系统分析。结果显示:条斑紫菜中有3种微管蛋白(Tubulin)亚型;该家族成员散布于1号和2号染色体上, Pyα-tubulin 1和Pyα-tubulin 2为串联重复基因;PyTubulin家族成员在基因结构和蛋白特征方面均较为保守,且在转录水平对失水胁迫不敏感。条斑紫菜中有5种驱动蛋白(Kinesin)亚型,亚家族种类和基因数量均少于高等植物;该家族基因散布于1号、2号和3号染色体上,无串联重复基因; PyKinesin家族成员在基因结构和蛋白特征方面存在一定差异,PyKinesin1在中高度失水胁迫下表达量显著上调。本研究为进一步理解Tubulin和Kinesin基因家族的进化和功能、解析微管在条斑紫菜响应失水胁迫中的作用奠定了基础。 相似文献
5.
《中国海洋大学学报(自然科学版)》2015,(12)
研究了紫菜腐霉侵染对条斑紫菜叶状体防御性物质脯氨酸(Pro),保护性酶类苯丙氨酸转氨酶(PAL)、多酚氧化酶(PPO),防御信号活性氧(ROS)和细胞损伤指示性物质丙二醛(MDA),在不同时间点(0、1、3、5、7、9d)的含量和活性影响。实验结果表明:紫菜腐霉侵染能够打破细胞ROS的动态平衡,引起ROS含量极显著增加(P0.01),进而影响细胞渗透压平衡,表现为Pro含量极显著增加(P0.01),并导致细胞内保护酶类PAL和PPO活性极显著增加(P0.01),并且ROS积累引起细胞膜脂过氧化,MDA含量发生极显著变化(P0.01)。由此推测条斑紫菜叶状体对紫菜腐霉侵染的生理响应过程为:紫菜腐霉侵染引起藻体ROS含量积累上升,积累的ROS激活机体防御系统,Pro含量增加以调节细胞渗透平衡;同时积累的ROS激活细胞内保护酶类,PAL和PPO的活性增强。迅速积累的ROS引起细胞损伤,导致细胞膜脂过氧化,产生并积累MDA。本实验为全面了解条斑紫菜防御紫菜腐霉侵染的机制奠定了基础,同时为后续条斑紫菜赤腐病抗性品系的选育提供了理论指导。 相似文献
6.
为探究超氧化物歧化酶(Superoxide dismutase, SOD)在条斑紫菜响应温度和失水胁迫时发挥的作用,本文利用生物信息学的方法对条斑紫菜SOD基因家族的进化树、染色体定位、基因结构和蛋白结构等方面进行研究分析。在条斑紫菜中共鉴定出12个SOD基因(PySOD),包括8种Cu/Zn-SOD、3种Mn-SOD和1种Fe-SOD,不均等地分布在3条染色体上,且各含0～2个内含子;SOD基因启动子区域含有不同数目的胁迫响应、生长发育和激素响应元件;Mn-SOD和Fe-SOD二级结构中α螺旋所占比重大,Cu/Zn-SOD中β折叠所占比重大。基于条斑紫菜受到温度和失水胁迫的转录组数据和qPCR结果,PySOD不同胁迫条件下具有不同的表达模式,尤其在失水胁迫时Cu/Zn-SOD表达量呈现不同程度的上调。这种PySOD基因的全基因组分析为了解植物中SOD基因的进化关系提供信息,并且条斑紫菜受温度和失水胁迫时SOD基因的表达分析为改良条斑紫菜育种提供参考。 相似文献
7.
本文探索在海水中施氮、磷肥对条斑紫菜生长、总蛋白氨基酸与游离氨基酸(FAA)含量及组成的影响。试验设4项处理培养条斑紫菜：以自然海水作为对照、单施氮肥、单施磷肥及氮肥与磷肥配合。结果显示：单施氮肥能略促进条斑紫菜的生长,并显著促进总氨基酸含量和FAA含量的增加;单施磷肥显著促进条斑紫菜生长,但使总氨基酸含量降低,FAA含量也显著低于单施氮肥组和氮肥与磷肥配合施用组;氮肥与磷肥配合施用,条斑紫菜生长的相对生长率最高,条斑紫菜的总氨基酸含量和FAA含量也显著增加,并使呈味氨基酸增加,改善条斑紫菜食用品质。所以氮肥和磷肥配合施用,对条斑紫菜生长和品质改善具有互助效应。 相似文献
8.
条斑紫菜(Pyropia yezoensis)是中国北方沿海大面积栽培的一种重要大型经济海藻。近些年,因高温等环境因子导致的烂菜时有发生,严重制约了产业的可持续发展。测定分析了不同温度(15°C和20°C)、不同盐度(20,25和30)条件对条斑紫菜叶状体光合作用参数、抗氧化酶系统活性及相关分子表达量变化的影响。发现高温(20°C)和低盐(盐度20)胁迫下会导致潜在最大量子产额(Fv/Fm)下降、非光化学淬灭Y(NO)值上升;同时,高温低盐(20°C,盐度20)条件下丙二醛(MDA)含量显著提高,表明条斑紫菜叶状体光合作用系统已受到一定的损伤。另外,过氧化氢酶(CAT)与抗坏血酸过氧化物酶(APX)活性随盐度降低而下降,在盐度20和高温(20°C)时其酶活显著降低,而超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)和过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著上升。而荧光定量结果显示,在20°C高温条件下, SOD转录出现轻微上调。随着盐度的降低, POD转录水平显著下调。此外, 20°C高温胁迫下,低盐盐度20条件下,相关抗氧化酶系统关键基因的表达均出现显著下调,表明在高温、低盐胁迫下,藻体内氧自由基清除能力受到抑制,最终导致细胞受到氧化损伤。因此,本实验表明,在高温条件下、盐度降低导致的抗氧化系统酶活及相关基因表达受到抑制,这是紫菜病烂发生的诱因之一。 相似文献
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紫菜色素突变体诱导的研究—Ⅱ.NG对紫菜叶状体诱变的效果及遗传分析 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
用强诱变剂N-甲基-N-硝基-N-亚硝基胍(NG)处理条斑紫菜和坛紫菜的幼嫩叶状体，进行色素突变体诱导。结果表明：(1）在相同实验条件下，两种紫菜的对照材料都未发现突变现象，而各诱变组都容易观察到突变的细胞或细胞块，表明在实验中发生的突变是诱变的结果。(2)突变率随诱变剂量和诱变时间的增加而上升。在实验范围内，随着诱变强度的增加，条斑紫菜的突变率从最低的11．2％上升到28．7％。坛紫菜从10．1％上升到20．2％。(3)在同等面积的叶片上，诱变产生的突变型细胞数量，并不随诱变强度的增加而增加。实验使用定量视野检试，两种紫菜在各诱变组中出现的突变细胞数量基本相似，略高的突变值都发生在诱变实验的最低剂量组中。突变率表示突变细胞在存活细胞中所占的比例，而单位面积中的突变细胞数量，反映了诱变的效果。根据这一分析，可以认为NG浓度25μg/mL、诱变时间为30min是合适的诱变条件。 相似文献
10.
该文分别选用不同浓度的海螺酶 ;葡萄糖、蔗糖、甘露醇、山梨醇、氯化钠 5种渗透剂 ;维生素 C和甘露醇 2种抗氧化剂 ;对条斑紫菜酶解单细胞的成活率进行了研究。实验结果表明 :用浓度为 10 %的海螺酶酶解条斑紫菜 ,成活率最高 ;选用 2 mol/ L葡萄糖作渗透剂 ,效果最好 ,成活率达85.2 % ;加入抗氧化剂对细胞成活率没有影响 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
14.
海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
15.
The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
16.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
17.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献