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莱州湾西部海域海洋生态系统健康评价的结构功能指标法 总被引：12，自引：2，他引：12
海洋生态系统健康属于一个新的领域，目前尚没有十分明确的定义。生态系统健康评价需要基于生态系统的结构、功能过程来确定指标。本文采用结构功能指标评价分析方法，以莱州湾西部海域为研究对象，利用层次分析法确定了评价因子的层次关系和重要度，建立了海洋生态系统健康综合评价指数模型。评价结果显示，莱州湾西部海域生态系统健康程度总体属一般，部分海域已达较差状态。经过屿实际情况在空间以及时间上的对比，说明评价结果基本是合理的，证明了所采用的方法具有一定的应用价值。 相似文献
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近年来,海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估研究日益受到关注。本文梳理了国内外在红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床、盐沼湿地等四类典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估指标和评估方法方面的研究进展。结果表明,典型海洋生态系统在进行生态修复成效评估时,基于修复目标和修复方法,评估指标选取虽各有侧重,但主要包括生物和生境状况两个方面。多数生态修复项目的监测、评估都是在短期内进行的,缺乏长期、连续性监测,社会和经济相关指标的研究还相对较为缺乏。成效评估方法目前没有比较清晰、全面的分类。实际应用的评估方法较为单一,对海洋生态系统服务价值揭示不够全面。 相似文献
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为全面了解曹妃甸近岸海域海洋生态系统健康状况,促进其合理开发利用海洋资源和建设海洋生态文明,文章根据2010—2014年的相关监测数据,采用区域生态系统健康评价方法,选取海水环境、沉积物环境、生物栖息地、生物残毒和生物5类评价指标,并确定指标标准、赋值和计算方法,从而确定各评价指标的健康指数。研究结果表明:2010—2014年曹妃甸近岸海域海水环境、沉积物环境和生物残毒均为健康状态,生物栖息地均为不健康状态,生物除2011年10月外(不健康)均为亚健康状态;海洋生态系统除2011年10月为不健康状态外,其余年份均为亚健康状态;生物指标决定整个海洋生态系统的健康状态,而围填海活动对生物栖息地的破坏是生物健康指数较低的主要原因。在此基础上,提出应尤其注重对生物环境的保护和修复,加强近岸海域生态环境综合整治和围填海管控。 相似文献
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近年来,海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估研究日益受到关注.本文梳理了国内外在红树林、珊瑚礁、海草床、盐沼湿地等四类典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估指标和评估方法方面的研究进展.结果 表明,典型海洋生态系统在进行生态修复成效评估时,基于修复目标和修复方法,评估指标选取虽各有侧重,但主要包括生物和生境状况两个方面.多数生态修复项目的 监测、评估都是在短期内进行的,缺乏长期、连续性监测,社会和经济相关指标的研究还相对较为缺乏.成效评估方法目前没有比较清晰、全面的分类.实际应用的评估方法较为单一,对海洋生态系统服务价值揭示不够全面.建议未来应立足生态系统过程,加强各典型海洋生态系统生态修复中长期成效评估,开展基于生态修复方式的成效评估,以及社会经济文化效益评估等方面的研究.本文通过对成效评估指标和方法的梳理,以期更好地为典型海洋生态系统生态修复成效评估的理论和实践研究提供参考. 相似文献
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随着海岸带城市化以及海洋经济的发展,海洋生态系统退化、海洋资源过度捕捞以及赤潮等一系列问题引起社会各界的关注。如何合理的开发利用海洋资源,维护和提升海洋生态系统服务功能成为亟待解决的问题。本文在国内外海洋生态系统服务相关文献检索和分析的基础上,对国内外海洋生态系统服务研究进展进行总结,发现国外研究主要集中在海洋生态系统服务与人类福祉、生态系统服务间的相互作用与联系、海洋海岸带的规划管理等方面,而国内研究关注点与国外有一定的差异,更侧重于对海洋生态系统服务的评估、海洋生态补偿、人类活动与海洋生态系统服务等方面。最后,通过对国内外海洋生态系统服务研究比较,得出相关研究启示。 相似文献
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山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康综合评价 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
为了构建基于多指标体系的生态系统健康评价方法,作者在调研了大量国内外文献的基础上,通过实证研究和量化分析,对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康的现状做出了较为客观的评价。在综合考虑影响海洋生态系统健康的各种因素的基础上,构建了山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康评价指标体系,从陆源压力、水质状态和生物响应3个方面对山东半岛近岸海域生态系统健康和环境压力进行分析。结果显示:2006年山东半岛近岸海域生态健康状况基本呈现由外海到近岸逐渐变差的态势,其中生态健康状况较差的海域主要集中在莱州湾西南部、烟台北部海域、威海的沿岸海域以及山东半岛东南部海域。 相似文献
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为保障从海洋获得可持续的收益,需要一个全面和定量的评估和监测人类—海洋生态系统健康及可持续性的综合指标。海洋健康指数为我们提供了一个新的全面评估海洋生态系统健康的方法。文章介绍了海洋健康指数的概念、评估方法及全球评估结果,并针对中国的海洋环境现状,对其在中国的应用价值和未来发展前景进行了初步探讨。 相似文献
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基于生态系统的海洋综合管理是海洋管理的新理念和新模式,其倡导从海洋生态系统角度开展环境资源保护,并以促进海洋生态系统与人类开发活动的协调可持续发展为终极目标。美国大沼泽湿地项目是基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的经典范例。基于生态系统的海洋综合管理的核心理念是将整个生态系统纳入海洋综合管理范畴,颠覆传统的单一对象保护理念,实现海洋生态保护与人类生存发展协调可持续。美国大沼泽湿地项目采用了基于生态系统的海洋综合管理理念,将整个大沼泽湿地视为一个整体生态系统,实现联邦政府、州政府和社会组织协作,合力促进大沼泽湿地的绿色生态可持续发展。美国大沼泽湿地项目全面贯彻基于生态系统的海洋综合管理理念,采用联合管理模式,重视水资源环境治理取得一定成效,但也暴露出管理模式有待改进、公众宣传参与不到位、区域间联系不紧密等问题。 相似文献
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《African Journal of Marine Science》2013,35(3):495-509
The range of the Cape fur seal Arctocephalus pusillus pusillus population largely coincides with the region of the cold, nutrient-rich Benguela Current Large Marine Ecosystem (BCLME) adjoining the west coast of South Africa, Namibia and Angola. Range-wide scientific monitoring of the seal population was initiated in the 1970s to inform on population management questions related to commercial seal harvesting and seal–fishery interactions. Since the 1970s, seal-related management goals have changed, especially in South Africa where seal harvesting ceased in 1990 and government has conformed to scientific advice against the culling of seals for the intended benefit of fisheries. However, renewed impetus has been provided to seal research and monitoring through the expansion of the ‘ecosystem-based management’ concept in the region, as well as improved international cooperation in the management of marine resources. Together with wide-scale ecosystem changes in the marine environment, and forecast effects of global climate changes, this has justified the continuation and improvement of range-wide scientific monitoring of Cape fur seals. We prioritised seal monitoring based on cost, effort, and relevance to monitoring objectives that have been identified for the region, with consideration given to the conservation status of top predators, interspecific and predator-fishery interactions and the potential use of Cape fur seals as indicators of ecosystem health. An integrated approach incorporating a suite of life-history attributes of seals is recommended, useful monitoring tools are discussed and the need for coordinated monitoring effort and standardisation of sampling techniques is emphasised. 相似文献
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The Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary is a large, multiple-use marine protected area, including a network of fully protected marine zones, which was designated in 1990 to protect the coral reef ecosystem surrounding the Florida Keys. The South Florida Ecosystem Restoration (SFER) Initiative was formed in 1993 to restore more natural flows to the ecosystem, restore and enhance the natural system, and transform the built environment. These two large-scale efforts at ecosystem-based management are tightly linked, albeit asymmetrically because of the importance of restored flows of pure fresh water across the Everglades and into the coastal ecosystem. The growing population of South Florida, combined with increasing development, agriculture, and other human activities, imperils the entire South Florida ecosystem, from the headwaters of Lake Okeechobee to the Florida Reef Tract. This paper presents the evolution and characteristics of the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary and the SFER Initiative, which have both been tasked with addressing complex issues regarding ecosystem-based management. Key linkages between these programs involve connectivity, both physical and human, through circulation patterns and exchange processes in South Florida coastal waters and through the complex bureaucracy that has grown to manage human uses of natural resources. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2017
The marine environment provides a range of ecosystem services and benefits for society. A previous study in Marine Policy (Potts et al., 2014) [1] advocated a matrix approach to demonstrate the relative degree of ecosystem service provision from habitats and species within UK Marine Protected Areas (MPAs), but excluded seabird species in its assessment. Despite the number of existing UK MPAs designated specifically for individual seabird species and/or seabird assemblages, and the fact that seabird species have long been used as policy-relevant indicators for the monitoring and management of the marine environment, as yet little research has focussed on the direct role of seabird species in the provision of ecosystem services and how these are captured for marine spatial planning purposes in the context of MPAs. Building on the matrix approach, this paper develops and populates a matrix to illustrate the relationship between key UK breeding seabird species and their relative contribution to the delivery of intermediate ecosystem services and goods/benefits. The original matrix approach has been strengthened to include the development and testing of a set of rules for combining multiple matrices. Confidence scores relating to the underlying evidence base are built into the matrix to provide an illustration of the current understanding and to identify current gaps in evidence. Following a sense check by external seabird experts the matrix is applied in the context of four existing UK MPA case study sites. Further developments and applications of the seabird matrix are discussed within the context of wider marine management. 相似文献
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《Ocean & Coastal Management》2006,49(7-8):385-412
The Guinea Current Large Marine Ecosystem (GCLME) extending from Bissagos Island (Guinea Bissau) in the north to Cabinda (Angola) in the south defines the shared transboundary waters off the coast of western Africa, which embodies some of the major coastal upwelling sub-ecosystems of the world and is an important centre of marine biodiversity and marine food production. The GCLME is characterized by distinctive bathymetry, hydrography, chemistry, and trophodynamics and represents the number 28 Large Marine Ecosystem (LME) ranked among the most productive coastal and offshore waters in the world with rich fishery resources. However, over-exploitation of fisheries, pollution from domestic and industry sources, habitat destruction and poorly planned and managed coastal developments and near-shore activities are resulting in a rapid depletion of the rich fisheries resources and degradation of vulnerable coastal and offshore habitats putting the economies, productivity and health of the populace at risk. Recognizing the urgency of the fisheries decline and the environmental and socio-economic consequences for the region, the 16 countries bordering the ecosystem have mobilized complementary resources to the funding from the Global Environment Facility and United Nations Industrial Development Organization to implement priority management actions agreed in the preliminary Strategic Action Programme for the recovery of depleted fish stocks and restoration of degraded habitats for the advancement of the achievement of the World Summit on Sustainable Development (WSSD) Johannesburg Plan of Implementation targets for recovery of fish stocks. 相似文献
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《Marine Policy》2014
The ambitious Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) has been the focus of much marine research across Europe in the pursuit of achieving Good Environmental Status in the four European Union marine regions; Baltic Sea, Black Sea, Mediterranean Sea and North-east Atlantic. This research addresses the Strengths, Weakness, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT) of the current European marine governance structures and its relationship to implement the MSFD. Results of the SWOT analysis were acquired through a combination of approaches with MSFD experts and stakeholders including: 30 face-to-face interviews, an online survey with 264 stakeholder respondents and focus groups within each European marine region. The SWOT analysis concurrently identifies common strengths and weakness and key governance issues for implementing the MSFD for European marine regions. This paper forms one assessment within the governance component of the Options for Delivering Ecosystem Based Marine Management (ODEMM) project and presents timely issues that can be of benefit to national and European Union policy makers. 相似文献
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海湾生态系统在维持能量流动、物质循环、生物群落稳定和生态系统平衡等方面发挥重要作用。文章基于2011-2020年夏季监测数据,选取水环境、沉积环境、生物群落、初级生产力和生态灾害5类指标,通过层次分析法与专家咨询法相结合的方式确定指标权重,基于指标体系法构建莱州湾生态系统健康评价指标体系。评价结果表明：莱州湾近岸海域生态系统长期处于亚健康状态,主要影响指标为水环境和生物群落;生态系统健康评价结果与现行《近岸海洋生态健康评价指南》基本一致,但本方法能够识别溢油和台风等极端事件对生态系统造成的不利影响,较传统方法更为灵敏;区间型指标和环境容许值的引入可避免监测数据“劣势掩盖”“信息漏缺”以及极限监测值对评价结果的放大问题。 相似文献
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海洋无脊椎动物抗氧化酶研究进展 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
海洋无脊椎动物是重要的经济水产生物和海洋生态系统的主要组成者。抗氧化酶系统在其环境适应性以及非特异性免疫中发挥着重要作用。本文从海洋无脊椎动物主要抗氧化酶类的种类、结构、环境适应性、酶学、基因和蛋白研究等几个方面进行综述并对今后海洋无脊椎动物抗氧化酶的相关研究提出展望。 相似文献
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Marine ecosystem services are seriously undervalued, resulting in under-investment in conservation and lost opportunities for economic growth and poverty reduction. Economic valuation provides a powerful tool for sustainable development by showing how dependent the economy is on an ecosystem and what would be lost if the ecosystem is not protected. This paper estimates the value of marine ecosystem services in Zanzibar, links the values to the national income accounts, and quantifies how the benefits from each ecosystem service are distributed among five different stakeholder groups. Marine ecosystem services contribute 30% of GDP, yet the ecosystem is seriously degraded due to both human and natural causes. The paper explores the reasons for this, focusing on the distribution of benefits and the (dis)incentives this creates for conservation, especially among local communities that steward the marine ecosystem. 相似文献