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1.
人工增殖放流是恢复鲎资源最有效、最迅速的方法, 而了解和掌握环境因子对中国鲎(Tachypleus tridentatus)幼鲎生长状况的影响规律, 进而选择适宜放流的时间和海区, 是保证人工放流得以成功的关键。本文在实验室条件下, 研究了不同盐度(5‰、10‰、15‰、20‰、25‰、30‰、35‰、40‰)对中国鲎幼鲎成活率、蜕壳率、蜕壳增重率、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、免疫酶活性、抗氧化酶活性等的影响, 探讨了不同盐度水平下中国鲎幼鲎生长、蜕壳、渗透调节能力、机体免疫力和抗氧化能力等的变化。养殖试验持续56d, 结果表明: 不同盐度对中国鲎幼鲎的成活率、蜕壳率、二龄幼鲎均重及蜕壳增重率均有显著影响(P<0.05), 且均随盐度升高呈先升高后降低的趋势; 蜕壳率和蜕壳增重率与盐度的回归分析均表明, 中国鲎幼鲎蜕壳与生长的最适盐度分别为24.10‰和24.94‰; 一龄和二龄幼鲎的Na+-K+-ATP酶活性均随盐度的升高呈先显著升高后显著降低趋势(P<0.05); 35‰和40‰盐度试验组一龄幼鲎的酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase, ACP)活性显著高于其他试验组, 而5‰盐度试验组一龄幼鲎的碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)活性显著低于25‰试验组(P<0.05) ; 盐度对二龄幼鲎的ACP、AKP和溶菌酶(lysozyme, LZM)活性均没有显著影响(P>0.05); 35‰和40‰试验组一龄幼鲎的过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)活性显著高于盐度较低试验组(P<0.05); 二龄幼鲎的谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase)活性随着盐度的升高而升高, 盐度10‰试验组显著低于30‰和40‰试验组(P<0.05)。研究结果显示盐度对中国鲎幼鲎生长、蜕壳、Na+-K+-ATP酶活性、免疫指标和抗氧化能力均有显著影响, 蜕壳最适宜的盐度在24‰~25‰左右, 盐度过高或过低都将引起幼鲎生长率和成活率降低, 渗透调节能力、免疫力和抗氧化力显著下降。 相似文献
2.
Ca2+, Mg2+对中国龙虾叶状幼体存活、变态的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
龙虾是高级海产品,经济价值很高.龙虾的发育要经过叶状幼体、游龙虾幼体、稚龙虾和成体龙虾几个阶段.在龙虾幼体的培育中,叶状幼体生长、蜕皮、变态所需时间最长.影响叶状幼体存活、变态的因子较多,除了温度、盐度、光照以及铒料的质量、数量之外,还与海水中的矿物元素等有关.在矿物元素中Ca2+,Mg2+作用显得比较突出.龙虾蜕壳、生长与体内的Ca2+,Mg2+积累有关,Ca2+,Mg2+对龙虾幼体的营养物质和能量代谢极为重要.龙虾幼体在蜕皮生长的过程中需要足够的钙、镁来满足体壳(皮)的更新和机体的生长所需. 相似文献
3.
本文以人工配合饲料为对照组，4种添加剂为实验组，对中国龙虾进行50d的生长试验，结果表明：复合脱壳素（实验组1^#)效果最佳，其次分别是脱壳素（实验组2^#)、甲壳粉（实验组3^#)、喹乙醇（实验组4^#)和对照组，其增重率分别为：17.08、8.41%、7.62%、5.45%和4.21%；蜕壳率分别为58.33%、50.33%、33.33%、33.33%和33.33%；蜕壳后增重率为29.29%、16.90%、22.85%、16.43%和12.68%；饲料系数分别为7.57、7.11、7.92、11.00和14.21；对照组和实验组4^#存活率为91.67%，其余均为100%。整个试验过程龙虾生长良好。 相似文献
4.
研究了盐度(6、13、20、27和33)对拟穴青蟹(Scylla paramamosain)幼蟹生长发育和Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的影响。结果表明,盐度对拟穴青蟹幼蟹甲宽和体质量特定生长率、C3蜕壳间期、甲宽增量(C1至C2和C2至C3)及Na+/K+-ATP酶活性有显著影响(P<0.05),但对幼蟹存活率、C2蜕壳间期及C3至C4甲宽增量无显著影响(P>0.05)。盐度13处理组特定生长率最高、蜕壳间期最短,盐度6处理组特定生长率最低,但与盐度20、27和33处理组无显著差异(P>0.05),而盐度33处理组蜕壳间期最长;第一次蜕壳后盐度20处理组甲宽增量最大,后两次蜕壳盐度13处理组均是最大;盐度处理0.5、4、7和11 d时,Na+/K+-ATP酶活性分别表现为盐度6>13>20>27>33、6>13>27>20>33、6>13>20>27>33和6>13>33>20>27的趋势,低盐环境下Na+/K+-ATP酶活性的升高有助于拟穴青蟹幼蟹对低渗环境的适应。 相似文献
5.
盐度是影响对虾存活、生长的重要因子。对虾对盐度的适应除与温度、对盐度变化的适应时间、发音阶段、蜕壳期等因子有关外,还与个体大小密切相关。有关斑节对虾仔虾对盐度的适应已有许多报道,Cawthorne(1983)报道了第28天的仔虾对盐度的适应能力强于40K以后的仔虾;Chakraborti(1986)用1.0～1.2厘米仔虾为材料作了盐度变化对其存活率的影响试验;林美云(1982)也用头胸甲长0.53～0.74厘米(体长约1.5～ 相似文献
6.
为探究三疣梭子蟹"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳蜕壳环境条件,先采用单因素变量实验设计方法,选取温度、盐度、光照时长、p H和底质五种环境因素,分析其对"科甬1号"仔蟹蜕壳的影响。温度组设置17、20、23和26°C,盐度组设置10、15、25和35,光照时长设置0、12和24h光照组,p H组设置6.0、7.5、8.0、8.5和10.0,底质设置有沙和无沙组。实验结果表明,温度组20°C时仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高,但蜕壳所需时间最长,26°C时蜕壳起始最早,所需时间最短,但存活率较低;盐度组中,15和25仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高;p H组中,7.5、8.0和8.5仔蟹存活率和蜕壳率最高;有沙组仔蟹存活率显著高于无沙组;而光照时长实验组结果差异不显著(P0.05)。综上所述,得到单因素条件下"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳环境条件:温度20—23°C、盐度15—25、正常日周期光照、p H 7.5—8.5,有沙环境中。利用正交设计实验方法,研究温度、盐度、底质3个因素对"科甬1号"仔蟹蜕壳的影响,并构建多元线性回归模型。结果得到"科甬1号"仔蟹最佳环境条件:温度26°C、盐度25,需要有沙环境,并且拟合得到其日存活率线性回归模型以及日蜕壳率线性回归模型。 相似文献
7.
采用单因子分析方法,在室内模拟设置10个温度梯度(6-36℃)、10个盐度梯度(4‰-40‰)和4种底质(细粉沙、细沙、粗沙、混合沙组)及3个厚度梯度(5、10、30mm),研究温度、盐度和底质对大竹蛏稚贝生长及存活的影响.结果表明:1)在盐度为21.4‰的条件下,大竹蛏稚贝存活及生长的适温范围为6-30℃,最适温度范围为21-30℃;15℃以上随温度升高日生长率逐渐增大,30℃个体日生长率为1.82%,21℃组成活率最高达88%.2)在温度为21.6-28.6℃条件下,大竹蛏稚贝存活及生长的盐度适宜范围为20‰-32‰,最适盐度范围为20‰-28‰;盐度20‰时成活率最大为85%,盐度24‰时个体日生长率最大为1.72%.3)大竹蛏稚贝对底质环境无明显的选择性,沙的粒径大小对稚贝成活率和日生长率均无显著影响(P＞0.05);但稚贝在不同厚度底质中的成活率和日生长率存在显著差异,10和30mm组的成活率和日生长率均显著高于5mm组的成活率和日生长率(P＜0.05). 相似文献
8.
温度、盐度和光照对一株有毒利玛原甲藻生长的影响研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
针对一株利玛原甲藻(Prorocentrum lima Dodge),应用小鼠生物测试法和高效液相色谱-质谱联用分析方法对其毒性和毒素成分进行了初步分析,并通过多因子实验,研究了温度、盐度和光照强度等环境因子对利玛原甲藻生长的影响.分析结果显示,这株利玛原甲藻能够产生大田软海绵酸(Okadaic acid,OA)和鳍藻毒素1(Dinophysistoxin 1,DTX1)等腹泻性贝-毒-(Diarrhetic Shellfish Poison,DSP).多因素方差分析结果表明,在实验条件范围内(温度为18、21和24℃;盐度为28、32和36;光照强度为2500、5 000和7 500 lx),利玛原甲藻的生长受盐度影响显著(P＜0.05),而温度和光照强度对利玛原甲藻的生长没有显著影响.温度和光照强度及温度和盐度之间的交互作用对利玛原甲藻的比增长率也有显著影响(P＜0.05).根据实验结果,这株利玛原甲藻生长的最适条件为:温度18℃,盐度28,光照强度7 500 lx. 相似文献
9.
盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长及变态的影响 总被引：13，自引：0，他引：13
采用突变和渐变两种实验方法检验了盐度对波部东风螺幼虫存活、生长和变态的影响。这两个实验，在盐度21．0－27．5的范围内，幼虫均有较高的存活率、变态率和较快的生长速度。其中，在盐度24．0处，幼虫的存活率和变态率都最高，生长速度也最大。不管盐度如何，幼虫较快的生长速度总是和自发变态前较短的浮游期联系的，尽管渐变盐度没能使幼虫的存活率、变态率、生长速度、变态个体的大小以及浮游期的长度得到显著的改变，却明显地加宽了幼虫存活和变态的盐度范围。渐变盐度的实验方法优于突变盐度的实验方法。 相似文献
10.
不同盐度和温度对熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)稚贝生长与存活的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
熊本牡蛎(Crassostrea sikamea)自然分布于中国长江以南沿海、日本有明海以及韩国沿海地区,具壳质坚硬、肉味清甜等特点,是巨蛎属牡蛎中重要经济种之一。为阐明熊本牡蛎稚贝生长发育的适宜盐度和温度范围,本研究分析了6个不同盐度(15、20、25、30、35和40)和5个不同温度(16、20、24、28和32°C)对熊本牡蛎稚贝生长与存活的影响。盐度实验结果显示,盐度15、20和25组中熊本牡蛎稚贝壳高和壳长显著高于盐度35和40组(P0.05),且随盐度增加,稚贝壳高、壳长表现为先升高后降低的趋势;盐度20组存活率最高,与盐度30和40组差异显著(P0.05);熊本牡蛎稚贝的适宜生长盐度为20—25,适宜存活盐度为15—25。温度实验结果显示,稚贝壳高和壳长在温度28°C组最大,随温度的降低,壳高、壳长也逐渐减小;温度20、24和28°C组存活率显著高于温度16和32°C组(P0.05);熊本牡蛎稚贝的适宜生长温度为24—28°C,适宜存活温度为20—28°C。熊本牡蛎稚贝对低盐高温有较强的适应能力。 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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18.
Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
19.
Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
20.
The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献