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1.
为探究健康二龄熊本牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎和长牡蛎5种组织间细菌群落组成、多样性和功能的差异,本研究利用Illumina高通量测序技术和PICRUSt2对3种牡蛎5种组织中的细菌群落构成及其潜在功能进行了比较分析。结果显示,在3种牡蛎的5种组织中共鉴定到6 020个细菌OTUs,其中3种牡蛎整体间共有的OTUs数占42.4%。3种牡蛎5种组织中的优势菌主要隶属于γ-变形菌纲（γ-proteobacteria）、α-变形菌纲（α-proteobacteria）、柔壁菌门（Tenericutes）和厚壁菌门（Firmicutes）。弧菌属（Vibrio）在熊本牡蛎的鳃、外套膜、性腺和血淋巴中的相对丰度均显著高于长牡蛎和葡萄牙牡蛎,且分别在熊本牡蛎外套膜、长牡蛎性腺和葡萄牙牡蛎血淋巴中相对丰度最高,但均在3种牡蛎肝胰腺中相对丰度最低。3种牡蛎5种组织间的菌群多样性均有所差异,其中在熊本牡蛎鳃、葡萄牙牡蛎外套膜和长牡蛎血淋巴中菌群多样性最高,而在熊本牡蛎血淋巴、葡萄牙牡蛎性腺和长牡蛎肝胰腺中菌群多样性最低。在不区分组织的情况下,3种牡蛎整体间的菌群结构存在显著差异（r=0.661,p<0.001）。此外,在熊本牡蛎肝胰腺、葡萄牙牡蛎鳃和长牡蛎血淋巴中细菌参与的能量代谢相关功能通路的相关丰度显著高于对应牡蛎的其他组织。本文结果表明,熊本牡蛎、葡萄牙牡蛎和长牡蛎组织内的菌群构成存在差异,且由细菌介导的功能也随牡蛎种类和组织类型发生改变。 相似文献
2.
以马氏珠母贝(Pinctada fucata martensii)黄壳色作为选育指标构建了黄壳家系,对其4个生长性状和黄壳色性状分离比进行了统计分析,并测定了黄壳家系中黄壳、褐壳色个体不同组织中的总抗氧化能力(TAC)。结果发现:黄壳色性状能遗传并发生分离,其分离不完全符合孟德尔遗传分离定律;褐壳色亲本不会产生黄壳色子代,推测褐壳色是纯合子;第一代黄壳家系5、7月龄贝仅壳宽值显著小于褐壳家系(P0.05),壳高、壳长、总质量差异不显著, 11月龄贝仅壳长和壳宽值显著小于褐壳家系, 14、20月龄贝的壳高、壳长、壳宽、总质量这4个生长性状均极显著小于褐壳家系(P0.01);在第一代6个黄壳家系内,黄壳、褐壳色个体的4个生长性状差异不显著;黄壳色贝在足、心、性腺中的TAC显著低于褐壳色贝(P0.05);在鳃、闭壳肌、消化腺组织中TAC高于褐壳色贝,但差异不显著。 相似文献
3.
Living Crassostrea gigas oysters of different ages and sizes were collected in three estuaries of Cantabria (Bay of Biscay, Spain): San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary, Santander Bay, and Marismas de Santoña Estuary. The main objective was to determine different shell responses to variable environmental parameters. A shell morphological study, based on three biometric indices, indicates that oysters of Santander Bay have two significant shell anomalies: abnormal thickening of the right valve and loss of vital cavity volume. These shell abnormalities are related with the presence in these waters of the chemical tributyltin. In the other two estuaries, the oysters show no detectable anomalies. Four shell microstructures have been distinguished: Regular Simple Prismatic, Regular Foliated, cone-Complex Cross Foliated, and Chalk. In Santander Bay oysters, the Chalk forms a “root-type” framework, whereas in the other two estuaries it forms a more compact microstructure. It is proposed that exposure to tributyltin has produced this modification. High-spatial-resolution geochemical transects have been carried out on the Regular Foliated microstructure in the umbo region in order to evaluate the distribution of Mg, Sr, and Na. The elements analysed exhibit clear cyclic variations in San Vicente de la Barquera Estuary and Marismas de Santoña Estuary oysters, related with seasonal periods, and characterised by broad maxima during months in which the waters are warmer and have higher salinity. These patterns are buffered in Santander Bay oysters. Our results demonstrate that biometric, microstructural, and high-resolution trace element studies in oyster shells can provide information about contaminants and seasonal variations in the estuarine environment. 相似文献
4.
de Toledo-Silva G Siebert MN Medeiros ID Sincero TC Moraes MO Goldstone JV Bainy AC 《Marine environmental research》2008,66(1):15-18
We have cloned the full-length cDNA of the first member of a new cytochrome P450 (CYP) family from the Pacific oyster Crassostrea gigas. This new CYP gene was obtained based on an initial 331bp fragment previously identified among the list of the differentially expressed genes in oysters exposed to untreated domestic sewage. The full-length CYP has an open reading frame of 1500bp and based on its deduced amino acid sequence was classified as a member of a new subfamily, CYP356A1. A phylogenetic analysis showed that CYP356A1 is closely related to members of the CYP17 and CYP1 subfamilies. Semi-quantitative RT-PCR was performed to analyze the CYP356A1 expression in different tissues of the oyster (digestive gland, gill, mantle and adductor muscle). Results showed slightly higher CYP356A1 expression in digestive gland and mantle, than the other tissues, indicating a possible role of the CYP356A1 in xenobiotic biotransformation and/or steroid metabolism. 相似文献
5.
Effects of PCBs sorbed to algal paste and sediments on the stress protein response (HSP70 family) in the eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica. 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
L A Cruz-Rodríguez A J Baucum P Soudant F L Chu R C Hale 《Marine environmental research》2000,50(1-5):341-345
This study examined the stress protein response (HSP70 family) of reproductively inactive oysters fed 0.7 g algal paste containing 0, 0.35 and 3.5 micrograms polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) daily. A second set of treatment groups investigated the combined effect of PCBs and sediments (0.3 g sediments daily per oyster) on HSP70 response. After 8 weeks of PCB exposure, oyster tissues (mantle and gill) were sampled and analyzed for HSP70. Preliminary results did not show a significant effect in HSP70 response in oysters fed PCB sorbed to algal paste, albeit PCBs accumulated up to 1342 ng/g dry weight in the mantle, and up to 180 ng/g dry weight in gill tissues. However, the addition of sediments caused a significant increase in HSP70 levels of gills and mantle, although the mantle was less sensitive to the sediments. 相似文献
6.
南海夏季风爆发日期与次表层水温对夏季风的影响 总被引：8，自引：3，他引：8
根据实测资料，初步确定南海夏季风平均爆发日期是5月16日(即5月的第4候)，分析了南海中北部次表层水温变化与南海夏季风活动的关系。在1981-2000年期间，偏冷年份有1981、1984、1986、1990和1992年，偏暖年份有1983、1993、1995、1998、1999和2000年，其余年份为正常年。南海夏季风爆发的迟(早)与南海中北部次表层水温持续偏冷(偏暖)现象关系密切；南海中北部次表层水温6—10月异常偏冷(偏暖)时，南海夏季风则提早(推迟)结束，来年南海夏季风推迟(提早)爆发。8-12月西沙水温异常偏冷(偏暖)时，南海夏季风提早(推迟)结束，来年南海夏季风推迟(提早)爆发。 相似文献
7.
I here present a biometric investigation on two diatom species, Fragilariopsis kerguelensis (O’Meara) Hustedt and Fragilariopsis curta (Van Heurck) Hustedt, in Holocene samples from sediment core MD03-2601 from the Antarctic Continental Shelf off Adélie Land, East Antarctica. Apical valve length measurements of the two species are compared to their respective absolute and relative abundances as a proxy for the species productivity. Fragilariopsis kerguelensis valves were longer and more abundant during the warmer Mid-Holocene period and smaller and less abundant during the colder Late-Holocene period. Conversely, F. curta valves were smaller and less abundant during the warmer Mid-Holocene period and longer and more abundant during the colder Late-Holocene period. Mean apical valve length variations even follow centennial-to-millennial oscillations in the species abundances. Maximal valve length and minimal valve length were also larger during the warmer Mid-Holocene period and during the colder Late-Holocene period for F. keguelensis and F. curta, respectively. The observed positive size-abundance relationships are linked to the environmental conditions at the core location that stands today at the lower ecological limit for F. kerguelensis and upper ecological limit for F. curta. More favourable environmental conditions (warmer, less icy for F. kerguelensis and colder, icier for F. curta) allowed for sexual reproduction at the upper range of the sexually inducible size window and subsequent restoration of larger initial cells which, in turn, resulted in overall bigger size of the species populations, though vegetative multiplication was more frequent. 相似文献
8.
研究比较了太平洋牡蛎 (Crassostrea gigas)二倍体与三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径、直肠上皮细胞高度的大小。结果显示 ,三倍体鳃上皮细胞核长轴、外套膜与唇瓣结缔组织中血淋巴核径显著大于二倍体 (P<0 .0 1) ,而二倍体和三倍体直肠上皮细胞高度没有明显差别。本研究结果支持了多倍体的巨态性假说 ,并揭示了倍性对细胞核大小的影响。 相似文献
9.
10.
In order to examine the accumulation pattern of organotin compounds (OTs) accompanying the migration pattern in diadromous fish, tributyltin (TBT) and triphenyltin (TPT) compounds and their derivatives were determined in the liver, muscle, gill, and ovary tissues of both sea-run and freshwater-resident masu salmon, which are of the same species, Oncorhynchus masou. Their migratory histories were estimated using strontium (Sr) and calcium (Ca) analysis in the otolith. A significant difference in the mean Sr:Ca ratio from the core to the edge of the otolith was found between sea-run and freshwater-resident masu salmon. The TBT concentration in the liver was significantly higher than that in the other tissues in both sea-run and freshwater-resident fishes. In sea-run masu salmon, the TBT concentrations in all tissues except for the ovary were significantly higher than in those of freshwater-resident individuals. In the sea-run type, the percentage of TBT was higher than that of the freshwater-resident type. The TPT concentration in the liver of the sea-run type was also significantly higher than that in the other tissues, while that in the gill of the freshwater-resident type was significantly higher than that in the other tissues except for the ovary. The TPT concentrations found in the liver and muscle of the sea-run type were significantly higher than those in the freshwater-resident type, whereas the values of the gill in the sea-run type were significantly lower than those in the freshwater-resident fish examined. The percentage of TPT in the sea-run type was higher than that of the freshwater-resident type. These results suggest that the sea-run O. masou has a higher ecological risk of TBT and TPT exposure than the freshwater-residents during their life history. 相似文献
11.
《Ocean & Coastal Management》2007,50(10):847-858
Annual beach attendance (BA) was collected for 75 beaches along the 350 km of coastline in Southern California for the years 2000–2004. On average, over 129 million beach visits occur each year, with the majority (54%) of visits occurring at only 15 beaches. Almost half of all visits (48%) occur on weekends. BA displays distinct seasonality with 53% of visits occurring in June, July and August. On average only 45% of individuals attending the beach have physical contact with the coastal waters; water exposure rates are low (26%) during colder winter months, and peak during warmer summer months (54%). An average of 56 million recreational bathing events (BE) occurs in Southern California's coastal waters every year. This quantification and statistical analysis of the magnitude and distribution of beach visitations across the region produce important data that have direct implications for beach management, tourism, public health and the environment. 相似文献
12.
Cadmium (Cd) accumulation and elimination were investigated in the tissues (gill, intestine, kidney, lever and muscle) of juvenile rockfish, Sebastes schlegeli, after sub-chronic dietary Cd exposure (0, 0.5, 5, 25 and 125 mg/kg). No mortality occurred during the sub-chronic exposure to dietary Cd. Specific growth rates of the rockfish estimated by weight and length were significantly different from those of the control, and a significant inverse relationship was observed between weight gain and the exposure concentration of dietary Cd at 25, 125 mg/kg. Cd accumulation in the tissues increased with exposure periods and concentrations for the 60 days of dietary Cd exposure. Cd accumulation in the intestine of rockfish was higher than other tissues, and the order of Cd accumulation in tissues were intestine>kidney approximately liver>gill>muscle. Accumulation factors showed an increase with the exposure period and an inverse relationship between the accumulation factor and the exposure concentrations in the gill, intestine, liver and muscle, but not in kidney. Cd elimination in tissues of rockfish decreased during the 30 days of depuration except kidney and muscle. Intestine showed the fastest elimination rates of Cd at all concentrations compared with other tissues. 相似文献
13.
水通道蛋白4(aquaporin4, AQP4)是一类被动运输水的通道蛋白。本研究根据转录组测序获得的马氏珠母贝AQP4片段, 采用RACE技术获得了AQP4的全长cDNA, 命名为PfAQP4, 其5′非翻译区(untranslated region, UTR)为114bp, 3′UTR为839bp, 开放阅读框(open reading frame, ORF)为858bp, 编码285个氨基酸。PfAQP4含有6个α螺旋跨膜区、5个环、1个主要内嵌蛋白(major intrinsic protein, MIP)结构域、2个NPA(Asn-Pro-Ala)基序, 属于AQP1-like型。利用qPCR技术分析PfAQP4在不同组织、不同发育时期以及盐度胁迫条件下的mRNA表达模式。结果显示: (1) PfAQP4在所有被检测组织中均表达, 其中在闭壳肌、足和鳃中表达量较高; (2) PfAQP4在不同的发育时期均有表达, 其表达量整体呈现先升高后降低的趋势, 其中在2—4细胞期表达量最高, 在眼点幼虫期表达量最低; (3) 在高盐度组(36‰)盐度胁迫24、72、120h后, PfAQP4表达量显著上升, 在168h降至对照组水平; 在低盐(16‰)组, PfAQP4表达量在24h显著上调, 在72h恢复至对照组水平, 说明盐度影响鳃组织中PfAQP4的表达量, 也表明PfAQP4在马氏珠母贝渗透压调节中起着非常重要的作用。 相似文献
14.
Glycogen, a polymer of glucose, is an important means of storing energy. It is degraded by glycogen phosphorylase (GPH) and hexokinase (HK), glycogen phosphorylase, and hexokinase cDNAs (Ca-GPH andCa-H... 相似文献
15.
金属硫蛋白(Metallothionein,MT)是一类富含半胱氨酸的小分子蛋白质,参与机体重金属解毒和金属元素代谢等生理过程。本研究采用RACE技术,克隆获得了菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)金属硫蛋白(RpMT)的全长cDNA序列。RpMT的cDNA全长为570bp,编码75个氨基酸,包含15个MT所特有的Cys-Xn-Cys结构。采用实时荧光定量PCR技术,分析了两种壳色菲律宾蛤仔(白蛤和斑马蛤)RpMT基因在Cd2+暴露后的表达变化。结果发现:Cd2+急性和亚慢性暴露均可导致两种壳色蛤仔消化腺和鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的显著上调;暴露后两种壳色蛤仔鳃组织RpMT基因表达量的增加幅度均高于消化腺组织,且以白蛤鳃组织基因表达水平的上调幅度较高。上述结果表明,RpMT可能在菲律宾蛤仔抵御Cd2+胁迫过程中发挥了重要作用。 相似文献
16.
In order to correlate the expression of detoxifying enzyme genes and Cd accumulation in black sea bream, we analyzed four tissues (brain, gills, liver, and muscle) from black sea breams that were exposed to four different concentrations of Cd (0, 2, 13, and 25 mg/L) for various durations (0, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h). The highest level of Cd was accumulated in the liver, followed by the gills, brain, and muscle. The accumulation of Cd was significantly correlated with the duration of exposure and the concentration in brain, gill, and liver tissue, but not in muscle tissue, and the rate of accumulation increased with Cd concentration. The expression of metallothionein II (MT II) mRNA exhibited a similar pattern as Cd accumulation, especially in that the expression of MT II mRNA decreased in muscle tissue with increases in exposure duration. In contrast, the expression of cytochrome P450 1A (CYP1A) mRNA was highest in the liver, followed by brain, muscle, and gill tissues, and in gills and muscle tissue of Cd-exposed fish, the expression of CYP1A mRNA fell below that of the control fish. Overall, the liver of black sea bream was the most sensitive to Cd exposure, and the expression of MT II mRNA was 200-fold greater than the control fish. These findings indicate that the detoxification mechanisms of black sea bream are influenced by both MT II and CYP1A and that the genes participate in the detoxification of different tissues. 相似文献
17.
EF-hand结构域在真核生物细胞内钙离子吸收和运输中发挥重要作用,在贝类中可能参与贝壳和珍珠质的形成。根据已报道的贝类中具有EF-hand结构域的碱基序列设计简并引物,从大珠母贝外套膜cDNA文库中筛选得到PMMG1基因(大珠母贝外套膜基因1)。PMMG1基因全长618 bp,开放读码框编码140个氨基酸,N-端的22个氨基酸肽段为信号肽。PMMG1氨基酸序列与合浦珠母贝PFMG1的一致性为56%,预测有两个EF-hand结构域。选取编码PMMG1成熟蛋白的cDNA序列插入pET-32a质粒构建表达载体,通过IPTG诱导,Ni2+-NTA亲和层析柱纯化,成功获得预期大小的融合蛋白。凝胶电泳迁移率的变化证明PMMG1蛋白具有结合Ca2+/Mg2+的活性,组织特异性表达表明PMMG1基因在外套膜的表达量远高于其他组织。大珠母贝外套膜基因PMMG1的克隆与表达研究为进一步研究该蛋白在珍珠质矿化中的作用、探讨珍珠质形成的分子生物学机制奠定了一定基础。 相似文献
18.
为研究不同类型Toll样受体基因在凡纳滨对虾免疫调控机制中的作用,实验首先通过荧光定量PCR方法检测了凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在不同组织中的表达情况。结果表明凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因m RNA在各组织中均有表达。其中,Toll1基因在肌肉,血淋巴,心脏和鳃均有较高表达,心脏表达量最高;Toll2基因在血淋巴,心脏和鳃均有较高表达,其中在鳃表达量最高;Toll3基因在鳃和心脏有较高表达,其中在鳃表达量最高。实验还对人工感染溶藻弧菌及白斑综合症病毒后凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在不同免疫组织的表达变化差异进行研究。感染白斑综合症病毒后凡纳滨对虾血淋巴及鳃中3种Toll样受体基因表达量均显著提高,并在各自达到表达峰值后逐渐下降直至恢复到感染前水平。感染溶藻弧菌后凡纳滨对虾血淋巴中3种Toll样受体基因表达量均显著提高;鳃中Toll1及Toll3表达量分别于感染后3h和12h有显著提高,而Toll2表达量无显著提高。由此推测3种Toll样受体基因均可能参与白斑综合症病毒感染所引起的免疫调控;而在溶藻弧菌感染所引起的免疫调控中,除了Toll1,Toll3参与鳃的免疫调控外,Toll2基因还参与血淋巴中的先天性免疫调控。长期感染白斑综合症病毒或溶藻弧菌后,凡纳滨对虾3种Toll样受体基因在血淋巴与鳃中的表达量均显著升高,这可能与虾体在长期感染过程中,需要不断保持较高免疫水平有关。 相似文献
19.
Lysosomal destabilization assays have been used as valuable biomarkers of pollutant exposures in a variety of bivalve and fish species. The responses of oysters, Crassostrea virginica, deployed at and native to various reference and degraded sites were evaluated for lysosomal destabilization during both summer and winter seasons. In both native and deployed oysters, lysosomal destabilization rates tended to be higher during the winter at both reference and polluted sites. There are at least two hypothetical explanations. Greater lysosomal destabilization rates may be related to physiological changes associated with mobilization of nutrient reserves during the winter and gametogenesis. However, lysosomal destabilization in deployed oysters was correlated with tissue metal concentrations. These data also support a second hypothesis that seasonal differences in physico-chemical factors (such as reduced levels of acid volatile sulfides) may increase the bioavailability of metals during the winter so that adverse effects are more pronounced. 相似文献
20.
低氧诱导因子基因(hifs)是由α和β构成的异源二聚体转录因子,在生物低氧应答中发挥着重要作用。本实验对花鲈4个hifs基因进行了序列分析及组织表达检测,并检测了各基因在低氧诱导后的mRNA表达变化。研究表明,通过全基因组比对、进化树分析和共线性分析,共鉴定出花鲈的4个hifs基因,分别为hif1α、hif2α、hif3α、hif1β。组织表达结果显示,hifs基因具有组织特异性表达特征。低氧((1.56±0.24)mg/L)诱导下,hifs各基因的响应时间和响应程度存在一定差异。肝组织中,低氧胁迫3和6 h后,hif1α、hif2α、hif3α和hif1β表达量均出现了显著升高,表明hifα和hif1β基因可能共同起低氧调控作用;而低氧胁迫12 h后,仅hif1α表达量显著高于对照组,表明hif1α基因在肝组织低氧调控12 h内持续起作用。鳃组织中,低氧胁迫3 h后,hif1α、hif2α、hif3α基因表达量出现了显著升高,而低氧胁迫6 h后,hif3α和hif1β基因表达量显著升高,说明在鳃组织前3h的低氧胁迫中仅hifα基因起调控作用,而6 h后hif3α和hif1β基因共同调控低氧胁迫。常氧恢复阶段肝、鳃组织中各基因表达量均与对照组无显著差异。本研究结果表明,4个hifs基因的组织表达具有特异性,同时对低氧的响应时间和程度不同,研究结果弥补了花鲈hifs基因及低氧应答研究的空白。 相似文献