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赤点石斑鱼人工配合饵料中蛋白质最适含量的研究 总被引：11，自引：1，他引：11
本文探讨了不同蛋白质含量的配合饵料对赤点石斑鱼（Epinephelusakaara）生长的影响。通过60d度验得出：在各配合饵料组中，蛋白质含量为49．52％的试验的相对增重率（46．84％）体长相对增长率（15．96％）、蛋白质效率（60．35％）和饵料转化率（29．85％）等均为最佳。配合饵料组鱼体肌肉营养成分（蛋白质、脂肪、氨基酸和鲜味氨基酸）也均优于对照组，而更接近野生鱼。经回归方程分析，赤点石斑鱼人工配合饵料中蛋白质最适含量为48．37％～49．24％。 相似文献
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常抗美 吴常文 吕振明 朱爱意 张建设 CHANG Kang-Mei WU Chang-Wen Lü Zhen-Ming ZHU Ai-Yi ZHANG Jian-She 《海洋与湖沼》2008,39(2):145-151
采用生化测定法,对野生及养殖曼氏无针乌贼肌肉的生化特征进行研究,并对其可能的产生机制进行探讨。结果表明,就常规生化组分而言,野生与养殖曼氏无针乌贼碳水化合物和粗脂肪含量并无显著差异(P>0.05);而在水分、粗蛋白等含量上则有显著差别(P<0.05),养殖群体含有较高的蛋白和较低的水分含量。就氨基酸组成而言,野生与养殖曼氏无针乌贼均含18种主要氨基酸,但在含量上养殖群体绝大多数氨基酸均显著高于野生群体(P<0.05)。在脂肪酸组成上,养殖群体较野生群体少一种脂肪酸(十五碳酸C15:0),而在含量上绝大部分脂肪酸与野生群体无显著差别(P>0.05)。该结果说明现阶段的人工驯养并未使曼氏无针乌贼品质下降,养殖群体完全可代替野生群体,成为人类理想的保健食品。养殖群体部分生化指标的变化可能与人工驯养条件下的饵料组成的优质化和单一化及生活环境的改变有关。 相似文献
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长江水系野生中华绒螯蟹(以下简称河蟹)蟹种比经过多代人工养殖的池塘群体蟹种具有更好的养殖性能,尚不清楚两种蟹种养成后成蟹的可食率及其营养品质是否存在差异。本研究采用养殖实验和生化分析方法,比较了长江水系野生和养殖蟹种经池塘养成成蟹的可食率、肥满度、常规生化成分、脂肪酸和氨基酸组成。结果显示:(1)在相似的体重条件下,野生群体成蟹的肝胰腺指数极显著高于养殖群体(P0.01),性腺指数显著低于养殖群体(P0.05),两群体间的出肉率、总可食率及肥满度无显著差异(P0.05);(2)两群体成蟹肝胰腺和性腺中的常规营养组成接近,但野生群体雄体肝胰腺和性腺中的碳水化合物含量显著高于养殖群体雄体(P0.05);无论雌体还是雄体,野生群体肌肉中的粗蛋白含量显著低于养殖群体,但野生雄体肌肉中的粗脂肪含量和雌体肌肉中的碳水化合物显著高于后者(P0.05);(3)就野生雌体脂肪酸组成而言,野生群体成蟹肝胰腺、卵巢和肌肉中的C18:1n9含量显著高于养殖群体雌体,但其C20:5n3、C22:6n3、ΣPUFA和ΣHUFA显著低于后者;就雄体而言,野生群体成蟹三种可食组织中的C18:2n6高于养殖群体,但其C20:5n3和C20:4n6低于养殖群体;整体上,肌肉中的HUFA含量显著高于肝胰腺和性腺;(4)就氨基酸组成而言,两群体雌体和雄体性腺中的氨基酸含量接近,均无显著差异,仅精巢中组氨酸和精氨酸含量存在显著差异;无论雌体还是雄体,养殖群体肌肉中的主要氨基酸和总氨基酸含量略高于野生群体,仅异亮氨酸和赖氨酸含量差异显著;此外,野生群体雄蟹肌肉中的亮氨酸、天冬氨酸、丝氨酸和组氨酸含量也显著高于养殖群体。综上,野生群体和养殖群体蟹种养成后成蟹的性腺指数和肝胰腺指数存在显著差异,但是两者总可食率和肥满度接近,整体上两群体脂肪酸组成存在较大差异,但是氨基酸组成较为接近。 相似文献
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中华乌塘鳢肌肉的生化成分和能值 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
测定了中华包塘鳢肌肉的水分、蛋白质、旨肪、碳水化合物等生经成分和能值，分析了其氨基酸的种类组成和含量。结果表明：（１）中华乌塘鳢肌肉中的蛋白质含量很高，占干重的８２．０１％－８７．８０％，脂类含量低，只有３．７７％－７．５０％；（２）中华乌塘鳢的比能值及能量与蛋白质的比值较低，分别为４．４９３－５。１９９ｋＪ／ｇ鲜重和２５．７９７－２８．３１４ｋＪ／ｇ；（３）蛋白质中氨基酸的种类齐全，含量高其中成 相似文献
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不同剂型的微量元素及不同水平的氨基酸螯合物对黄颡鱼（Pelteobagrus fulvidraco）生长及体组成的影响 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
黄颡鱼的基础饲料中分别添加无机微量元素和不同水平的氨基酸螯合态微量元素Cu、Fe、Zn、Mn，投喂平均体重为11．80g的黄颡鱼70天，研究饲料微量元素对黄颡鱼生长、饲料利用情况及肌肉组成成分的影响，并对肌肉、骨骼组织中微量元素的残留含量进行测定分析。结果表明，添加微量元素的各实验组的增重率、饵料系数、蛋白质效率均优于对照组。等量添加微量元素的氨基酸Ⅰ组明显优于无机微量元素组。氨基酸Ⅰ组的增重率显著高于无机组（P〈0．05），比无机组、氨基酸Ⅱ组、氨基酸Ⅲ组比较分别提高了16．86％、7．60％、8．03％。饵料系数、蛋白质效率在各组间有一定的差异，但均不显著（P〉0．05）。等量添加微量元素的氨基酸Ⅰ组各组织中微量元素的残留量高于无机组，微量元素含量高的氨基酸Ⅱ组残留量最多，但其增重效果不如氨基酸Ⅰ组（P〉0．05）。微量元素在黄颡鱼组织中的积累顺序为：骨骼〉肌肉。微量元素的添加对黄颡鱼肌肉的常规营养成分、氨基酸组成及风味未产生显著的影响（P〉0．05）。因此，在本实验条件下，每kg饲料添加氨基酸微量元素的适宜量为Cu4mg、Fe140mg、Zn20mg、Mn12mg。 相似文献
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采用RAPD技术对鮸状黄姑鱼(Nibea miichthioides)野生种群及人工繁育群体进行了DNA多态性检测。共采用40个随机引物进行扩增，其中35个引物在野生种群和人工繁育群体中都扩增出230个RAPD位点。野生种群和人工繁育群体的多态位点比率P分别为16．5％和15．7％；群体相似系数S为0．954和0．967；Shannon信息指数H0为0.113和0．104；基因多样性指数H为0．085和0．083；而两群体间的遗传距离D为0．022。所得结果表明两群体间具有非常相近的亲缘关系，且遗传多样性水平都比较贫乏。 相似文献
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日本黄姑鱼人工繁殖及苗种培育技术的初步研究 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
日本黄姑鱼Ｎｉｂｅａ ｊａｐｏｎｉｃａ （Ｔｅｍｍｉｃｋ ｅｔ Ｓｃｈｌｅｇｅｌ），俗称白 ，为石首鱼科黄姑鱼属的近海中下层鱼类，分布于我国的东海、南海及日本南部沿海［１］。日本黄姑鱼生长迅速、病害少、易于养殖，当年即可达商品鱼规格，经济效益显著，成为海水鱼网箱养殖诸多品种之佼佼者，倍受养殖业者欢迎。但其海区野生苗种来源有限，且规格不一，品种不纯，阻碍了大规模生产的发展。因此，开展日本黄姑鱼人工育苗，已成为水产科研部门与养殖业者共同关注与亟待解决的问题。有关日本黄姑鱼的人工孵化工作，日本在１９８… 相似文献
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龟足营养成分分析及评价 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
测定了龟足Pollicipes mitella柄部肌肉的营养成分，并对其营养价值进行综合评价。结果表明龟足柄部肌肉含粗蛋白19.28%、粗脂肪2.54％、灰分1.47％、水分74.47％和无氮浸出物（NEF）2.24％。17种水解氨基酸总量为18.08% ,其中7种必需氨基酸为6.63% ,必需氨基酸指数为82.63，鲜味氨基酸为6.77%。多不饱和脂肪酸的含量占总脂肪酸的39.77％,其中二十碳五烯酸(EPA)、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)分别占总脂肪酸的13.37％和20.67％。龟足含有十分丰富的Mg、Ca、Fe、Zn、Se,含量分别为1625.49、679.82、38.89、112.25和1.78μg.g-1。因此龟足肌肉具有较高的食用价值与保健作用。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献