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1.
海湾围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务累积影响研究——以福建兴化湾为例 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
以福建兴化湾为例,选用1959年海图、1986年和2000年遥感影像数据及围填海相关规划等为基本信息源,将研究区划分为农田、养殖池、盐田、草林地、裸地、岛屿及滩涂7种生态系统类型.采用GIS技术分析兴化湾不同时期由于围填海所造成的各生态系统类型面积变化,并借鉴Costanza等研究的生态服务功能单位价值系数,评估围填海对滩涂湿地生态服务造成的累积影响.在1959-2000年,兴化湾滩涂面积减少了21.35%,生态服务的年总价值由1959年的5.31×109元降至2000年的4.45×109元,损失达8.63×109元,损失幅度为16.35%;2000-2020年,围填海相关规划的实施将导致兴化湾滩涂面积急剧下降,生态服务的年总价值由2000年的4.45×109元降至 2020年的3.48×109元,损失达9.68×108元,损失幅度为21.77%,其损失量和损失幅度均高于1959-2000年40余年的损失. 相似文献
2.
渤海西北岸填海造陆的生态损失及其对海岸带可持续发展的启示 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
填海造陆已经成为全球沿海地区缓解土地短缺、促进社会发展和经济增长的重要手段。随着快速工业化和城市化过程,亚洲已经成为填海造陆的中心。从天津滨海新区到唐山曹妃甸新区,在渤海西北岸正在进行的填海工程其规模在世界上名列前茅。为了剖析海岸带发展的环境因素并促进其可持续发展,对渤海西北岸填海造陆的生态损失采取了回顾性和预测性评价,从生态系统服务角度货币化计算了供给、调节、支持、文化四大类10个方面的生态损失。结果表明：2000-2010年填海造陆的生态损失为9.719亿美元,2010-2020年新增填海造陆的生态损失将达7.021亿美元,其中气体调节和水产品供应方面的损失最大。针对填海造陆可持续发展,提出相关建议,包括：在综合评估基础上的合理规划;减少填海造陆面积;优化填海区土地结构;采用“低影响”开发模式填海;采用生态补偿机制,等。 相似文献
3.
福建兴化湾围填海湿地景观生态影响研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
基于遥感与GIS技术,运用景观生态学的原理与方法,选取景观特征指数,通过历史回顾和类比分析,从景观自然性和景观破碎化两个方面,分析了兴化湾围填海工程对湿地景观生态造成的影响及其生态效应.历史上兴化湾围填海工程造成滩涂湿地景观萎缩、景观自然性急剧下降,斑块面积缩小、斑块隔离程度增大、景观破碎化程度加剧;兴化湾围填海规划的实施,将使得兴化湾湿地景观生态人工化与破碎化的趋势进一步加剧,其最终后果将可能导致兴化湾生物多样性下降、生态服务功能严重衰退. 相似文献
4.
曹妃甸围填海工程的海洋生态服务功能损失估算 总被引：7，自引：1，他引：6
以曹妃甸围填海工程为例,采用直接市场法、影子工程法和替代花费法等构建了围填海工程的海洋生态系统服务功能损失的货币化评估模型与方法,并采用对比分析法,建立并探讨了曹妃甸围填海工程对周边海域生态服务功能影响的损失估算方法。结果表明:曹妃甸围填海一期工程占用海域滩涂面积10 500 hm2,由此每年造成海洋生态服务功能价值损失4 735.67万元,其中生物多样性维持功能损失占46.52%,气候调节功能损失占20.92%,空气质量调节功能损失占9.62%,食品生产功能损失占8.98%。曹妃甸围填海工程导致其东部海域生态系统服务功能价值损失每年为421.10万元,其中生物多样性维持功能每年损失1 242.04万元、食品生产功能每年损失452.99万元,而气候调节功能和空气质量调节功能因海洋浮游植物群落初级生产增加而出现功能增大,每年服务功能价值分别增加998.12万元和459.03万元。表明曹妃甸大规模围填海工程不仅对围填所在海域海洋生态系统服务功能造成彻底毁灭,也对围填周边海域海洋生态系统服务功能产生重要影响。 相似文献
5.
准确评估填海工程中海洋生态服务功能损失,建立合理的补偿制度,因地制宜采取适合的海洋生态修复措施来缓解经济发展与海洋生态保护之间的矛盾,是落实海洋生态文明建设的重要措施。文章以福建省莆田市某填海造地工程为例,采用价值量评估方法,估算填海工程造成的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失。经过评估,本次填海造成的海洋服务功能总的价值损失为1 451.23万元,其中供给功能、气候调节功能、文化服务功能、支持功能、污染物处理功能等各项功能价值损失分别占总价值损失的27.5%、32.8%、2.2%、12.3%、25.2%。研究提出建议采取"修复补偿为主"的制度,开展海洋生态修复。 相似文献
6.
利用市场价格法、影子工程法、替代成本法、成果参照法等构建了围填海对海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失评估模型,并对2012年天津滨海新区围填海造成的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失进行了定量评估。结果表明,2012年天津滨海新区围填海造成的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失总值为7 182.88万元,单位面积损失为447.25万元/(km~2·a)。其中供给服务功能价值损失最大,占价值损失总量的51.94%,其次为调节服务功能,占18.39%;支持服务功能价值损失位居第三,占14.87%;文化服务功能价值损失最小,占14.80%。研究结果与实际情况相差较小,可为围填海形成后的生态恢复和补偿经费提供依据。 相似文献
7.
依据2010年度胶州湾围填海面积数据,通过构建胶州湾生态服务功能,对胶州湾围填海造地造成的海洋生态服务功能价值损失进行定量评估.结果表明,胶州湾填海造地造成的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失总值为33 186.34万元/a.其中,供给功能价值损失最大(22 732.75万元/a),占总价值损失的68.50％;调节功能的价值损失次之,占总价值损失的18.89％;支持功能和文化功能价值损失所占比例最小. 相似文献
8.
为加强杏林湾生态环境保护,强化厦门自然保护地选划和滨海湿地保护管理,文章分析自园博园建设以来,海岸带开发对杏林湾生态功能的影响;基于生态系统服务价值理论,通过构建杏林湾生态修复效果评估指标体系,对杏林湾生态修复效果进行评估和分析。研究结果表明:杏林湾生态系统服务价值由2005年的6313.03万元提升至2018年的10415.93万元,区域开发过程中的保护措施对生态系统服务有促进作用,但尚未完全发挥杏林湾应有的价值,原生生境保护有待加强。运用"山水林田湖草"生命共同体和陆海统筹理念提出保护措施:通过划定自然保护地对荒野地进行严格保护,并开展以自然恢复为主的生态修复,从而进一步提升生态价值;针对杏林湾水污染问题,通过湖海共治提升水质,改善生态环境质量。 相似文献
9.
如何使我国围填海的存量资源得到高效可持续利用是当今围填海研究的热门课题,生态修复是实现这一目标的有效手段。本研究基于陆海统筹的理念,以福建可门工业园区为例,针对围填海造成的"占用滨海湿地、护岸硬质化、破坏海岛、海洋生物资源损失、排放污水、生境破碎"等生态环境问题,引入了"生态流"的概念,并且因地制宜,从"构建山海通廊、生态海堤、增殖放流、退堤还水、退养还滩、无居民海岛修复和污染防治"等方面构建了可门工业园区围填海空间生态修复规划,从而修复该区域的"通道、过滤、来源、储存和屏障"等生态功能,形成稳定向好的生态系统,提升生态服务价值,促进围填海存量资源可持续利用。最后通过可门工业园区的经验,为其他的围填海生态修复提出建议。 相似文献
10.
为揭示热带海域围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失,选取海南洋浦围填海造地海域,建立了围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失评估方法,并对海南洋浦围填海造地的海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失进行了评估。结果表明:海南洋浦围填海造地占用海域面积650hm2,由此造成海洋生态系统服务功能价值损失84.35亿元,其中物质供给功能价值损失71.65亿元,占84.94%,环境调节功能价值损失6.11亿元,占7.25%,文化娱乐功能价值损失5.91亿元,占7.01%,服务支持功能价值损失0.68亿元,占0.81%。在具体服务功能类型上,海域人工养殖生产功能、自然海域渔业生产功能和旅游休闲娱乐功能占洋浦经济开发区围填海造地的生态系统服务功能价值损失总量的91.82%。 相似文献
11.
The analysis of the structure of the cryolithozone, facies, and thicknesses of the Quaternary sediments and the results of the physicochemical mathematical modeling of the modern shelf of the western part of the Laptev Sea support the influence of the Late Pleistocene glaciations on the heat conditions and the distribution of the permafrost in the area. A ～200-m thick glacier formed under aerial conditions from atmospheric precipitation represented the metamorphosed snow cover. According to the modeling, the long-living (from 60?50 to 10?4 ky) glacier reduced the thickness of the permafrost rocks in the reviewed shelf area for 280–360 m. The Holocene marine transgression additionally decreased the thickness from 50–140 m on the inner shelf to 220–350 m on the outer shelf. The modern submarine cryolithozone 450-0 m thick is wide-spread in the studied region from the coast to the shelf boundary (isobaths of 130–140 m), where it pinches out at a distance of ～380 km from the coast at a depth of ～250 m above the sea level. 相似文献
12.
We analyze the components of the carbon system of the Sevastopol bay waters and the balance of main sediment-forming substances
using the data of field investigations in 1998–2008. The interannual variations of total inorganic carbon and the equilibrium
partial pressure of carbon dioxide in the bay water are noted. An increase in the flux of carbon dioxide into the bay and
in the content of organic carbon in bottom sediments is revealed, and an explanation of this phenomenon is given. The priority
accumulation of organic carbon in the sediments of the bay is established. We assess the interannual variation in the relative
abundances of organic and inorganic carbon as an index of the carbon cycle stability. 相似文献
13.
We generalize and analyze the state of investigations of the influence of river waters on the hydrologic structure of the
Black Sea. Specific features of the water, regime and hydrography of rivers flowing into the sea, data on the discharge of
rivers, and intrayear and interyear variability of the discharge are presented. We discuss and analyze works studying the
transformation of river waters, routes of desalinized sea waters, and their influence on the thermohaline structure and dynamic
regime of the sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
14.
V. A. Ivanov S. P. Lyubartseva N. Mikhailova N. B. Shapiro 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(6):509-524
We analyze the results of numerical calculations performed according to the three-dimensional interdisciplinary model of an
ecological system of the Black-Sea shelf zone near the estuary of the Danube. The complete system of equations of hydrothermodynamics
is solved together with transport equations of the advection-diffusion-reaction type used to describe the transformation of
a substance (nitrogen) between the components of the characteristic vectors of the ecosystem: plankton, detritus, and biogenic
elements (nitrates). We describe the distinctive features of the circumcontinental distribution of components obtained as
a result of numerical experiments and present arguments for the conclusion that the ecosystem of the Danube estuary water
area plays the role of a buffer zone between the press of the Danubian biogenic pollutions and the neighbouring areas of the
shelf zone and open sea.
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
15.
Ten years of semistationary studies of the interaction of the ice cover and the coastal relief of the Kandalakhsa Gulf in the White Sea allowed us to reveal the peculiarities of these processes in the warm and cold years and the mechanisms of the origination of ice forms, including ice tents, which govern the character of the tidal flats. Three dynamic fast ice zones are distinguished by their geomorphological location, morphology, and ice dynamics. The dependence of the mechanisms and volumes of the enrichment of the fast ice in the sediments on the coastal zone??s relief was established. At the coast of the Kindo Peninsula (Velikaya Salma Strait), the ice mostly contains fine-sandy sediments. Coarser sediments, including boulders, are occasional and frozen into the ice at the contact of the fast ice and the bottom. At the expense of the ice??s spreading by 4?C6 times in the warm years and 2?C4 times in the cold years, several thousand tons of sediments mostly from the tidal flat??s surface (100?C700 m3 from 1 km of coast in the wide tidal flats and <50 m3 on the steep coasts) are delivered to the water area. 相似文献
16.
Relationship between the path of the Kuroshio in the south of Japan and the path of the Kuroshio Extension in the east 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
A relationship between paths of the Kuroshio and Kuroshio Extension (KE) is investigated, using the satellite-derived altimetry
dataset of 1993–2008. When the Kuroshio takes the nearshore nonlarge meander path or typical large meander path and resultantly
goes through the deeper channel (about 2500 m) of the Izu-Ogasawara Ridge, the KE path adopts a relatively stable state with
the two quasi-stationary meanders. On the other hand, when the Kuroshio takes the offshore nonlarge meander path and then
passes over the shallower part of the Ridge (about 1000 m), the KE path tends to be convoluted, i.e., an unstable state. 相似文献
17.
I. E. Timchenko A. A. Primalenny V. D. Yarin E. F. Vasechkina E. M. Igumnova 《Physical Oceanography》2001,11(4):367-378
We use many-year archival observations of hydrologic and hydrobiologic state of the Sea of Azov for the identification of
the structure of a model of its ecosystem. The ecosystem model, supplemented with expert estimates of bioresource consumption
(fish reserve), contamination level, and possible ecologic fines for violation of the sea natural state, is formalized by
the method of system dynamics. Hereat, the major part of influence functions is found in terms of observational data with
application of self-organization algorithms. We also present the results of simulated experiments with the model of the ecosystem,
which enable us to analyse scenarios of its behaviour under the influence of various external factors (wind, river discharge,
water exchange with the Black Sea, etc.).
Translated by Peter V. Malyshev and Dmitry V. Malyshev 相似文献
18.
I. G. Ostrovskaya 《Physical Oceanography》1992,3(5):397-403
Three mathematical models are considered: a two-dimensional model for calculating the concentration fields of the ecosystem components on the shelf of the Republic of Guinea, a pointwise model for the annual variation of the components, and a two predators-prey model. These models are used to study the effect of hydrodynamic conditions on the state of the shelf ecosystem and for research into the causes which distort the balance between marketable and unmarketable fish.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov. 相似文献
19.
Al. A. Shreider 《Oceanology》2007,47(1):91-103
The first data on the temporal evolution of the slope of the buried depression of the Black Sea are obtained. The sharp change in the rate of the decrease in the slope steepness that occurred in the Late Miocene-Pliocene time reflects a reorientation of the vector of mutual movement and a related intensification of the collision between the Arabian and Eurasian lithospheric plates. 相似文献
20.
The study of the sedimentary body of the Bransfield Strait has made it possible to identify several sedimentary complexes, to construct the first electronic charts for the acoustic basement, and to establish four stages of the evolution of its floor, which updates the previous knowledge about the formation of the strait. At the first stage, there was an increase in tension stresses that were accompanied by the local splits of the continental crust at the periphery of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the second stage, a graben-like structure filled with the Lower stratigraphic complex was formed northward of the Antarctic Peninsula. At the third stage, the continuing processes of extension led to intensive explosive activity of the growing volcanic structures and filling of the graben with sediments of the Middle seismostratigraphic complex. The fourth stage, which has continued until recently, is characterized by quasi-linear localization of the major centers of volcanic activity in the band closer to the South-Shetland Islands and the formation of the Upper seismostratigraphic sedimentary complex. The evolution of the floor of the Bransfield Strait reflects the process of penetration of the American-Antarctic ridge to the continental lithosphere of the Antarctic Peninsula for the last million years. 相似文献