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1.
中国对虾血细胞酶细胞化学的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用电镜酶细胞化学技术 ,对中国对虾 (Penaeus chinensis)的血细胞和血清中的酚氧化酶、酸性磷酸酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化物酶的酶活性部位进行标记。实验结果显示 :酚氧化酶主要以酶原形式存在于大颗粒细胞的颗粒体中 ,酸性磷酸酶和碱性磷酸酶以酶原形式存在于小颗粒细胞的颗粒体中。健康虾和患病虾血细胞中酶活性的表现形式不尽相同 ,在病理情况下 ,颗粒细胞能以细胞解体的方式 ,排出细胞内的颗粒 ,转化成有活性的酶 ,以此提高血淋巴中这几种酶的活性。透明细胞可以吞噬排放颗粒后的颗粒细胞 ,透明细胞中由高尔基体合成的酸性磷酸酶等溶酶体酶主要用于透明细胞的细胞内消化作用。研究认为 :3种血细胞因含有不同的免疫酶以及酶的作用方式不同而具有不同的免疫功能 相似文献
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采用RT-PER原理和长片段扩增技术克隆短沟对虾和斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因。设计合成特异引物、提取血细胞总RNA，反转录后扩增获得的特异片段回收并克隆到pGEM-TEasyVector系统的T载体上，重组子进行碱基序列测定。结果表明，所克隆的短沟对虾酚氧化酶原基因含起始密码子A1B到终止密码子TGA的2055bp，编码684个氨基酸。斑节对虾酚氧化酶原基因含ATG到TGA的2061bp，编码686个氨基酸。短沟对虾酚氧化酶原推算分子量为78153Da，等电点pI为6．25；斑节对虾则为78581Da，pI为5．83，用DNA分析软件分析显示两种对虾酚氧化酶原基因具有高度的同源性，二者的碱基和推测的氨基酸序列同源性分别为93％和92％；对虾与其他节肢动物酚氧化酶原基因的同源性的高低与种类间亲缘关系相关；不同种类间酚氧化酶活性中心重要组成部分的2个铜结合位点、位于铜结合位点内的6个组氨酸以及与铜结合位点相邻的氨基酸序列高度保守。 相似文献
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中国对虾中肠盲囊的研究 Ⅱ中肠后盲囊的结构与功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用石蜡切片和超薄切片技术,借助光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察中国对虾中肠后盲囊的组织和细胞结构;运用酶细胞化学技术,标记特异消化酶,探讨后盲囊的生理功能。认为（1）在蜕皮问期,中国对虾后盲囊结缔组织贮存来自中肠的营养物质,后盲囊上皮细胞可吸收结缔组织中的营养物质,经细胞内代谢作用,将部分代谢产物以上皮细胞顶端分泌的方式排入盲囊腔,再由盲囊外部的肌肉收缩,将这些代谢产物排入肠道。在上皮细胞的分泌物中,含有具细胞外消化功能的消化酶。（2）在蜕皮期,后盲囊结缔组织中贮存的营养物可由循环系统输送到机体需要养分的部位,以补充机体在禁食期对营养物的需求。因此,中国对虾中肠后盲囊具有调节对虾机体营养物平衡和分泌部分消化酶的功能。 相似文献
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实验感染白斑杆状病毒（WSBV）的斑节对虾血液病理学研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
用光镜观察经人工感染白班杆状病毒（White Spot Baculovirus,WSBV)后患血型血斑病的斑节对虾Penaeus monodon的血淋巴涂片,研究了WSBV导致的淋巴细胞数量及结构异常,通过检测感染WSBV后患病虾与健康虾的血清主要生化指标,首次提示了两的主要差异及WSBV在宿主体内增残的时间过程,结果表明：患病虾淋巴细胞明显减少,无颗粒细胞难以找到,颗粒细胞和小颗粒细胞分别为健康虾的11．7％和4％,颗粒细胞内出现深染区,空白或异样突起,血涂片上偶尔发现有大型固定性吞噬细胞,在患病虾血清主要生化指标中,Ca^2 含量比健康虾显升高,患病虾为15．93mmol\L^-1,健康虾为10．71mmol.L^-1,相反,患病虾血清中总蛋白（Tp),总磷（PB）及乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）均比健康虾个体低,3含量依次为：52．07g.L^-1,0.34mmol.L^-1, 和35.27IU.L^-1,在健康虾个体血清中为：66．29g.L^-1,0.66mmol.L^-1及82.36IU.L^-1,而K^ ,Mg^2 ,含蛳无显差异,血沮中Ca^2 ,PB及TP的含量可以作为斑节对虾感染WSBV后出现白班病的血清生化特征,斑节对虾感染WSBV后不同时间内血清主要生化指标显示增残的时间顺序可能为：24h内主要进行核酸复制,24－48h主要进行囊膜蛋白的合成,病毒从入侵宿主要细胞到从细胞内释放的过程约需48h. 相似文献
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中国对虾中肠盲囊的研究：II中肠后盲囊的结构与功能 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
运用石蜡切片和超薄切片技术,借助光学显微镜和电子显微镜观察中国对虾中肠后盲囊的组织和细胞结构;运用酶细胞化学技术,标记特异消化酶,探讨后盲囊的生理功能。认为（１）在蜕皮间期,中国对虾后盲囊结缔组织贮存来自中肠的营养物质,后盲囊上皮细胞可吸收结缔组织中的营养物质,经细胞内代谢作用,将部分代谢产物以上皮细胞顶端分泌的方式排入盲囊腔,再由盲囊外部的肌肉收缩,将这些代谢产物排入肠道。在上皮细胞的分泌物中, 相似文献
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为查清免疫促进剂对日本蟳（Charybdis japonica）（俗称石蟹）自身免疫力的增强作用及机理，对脂多糖（LPS）、β葡聚糖（β—1，3-glucan）、灭活鳗弧菌和灭活哈维氏弧菌对日本蟳酚氧化酶（po）的产量与活性以及血细胞的数量与超微结构的影响进行了研究。结果表明，经4种免疫促进剂处理后，日本蟳PO产量和总酶活性都有显著增加，但PO的比活性与对照相比没有显著差异。日本蟳血细胞超微结构观察显示，多糖处理组小颗粒细胞和大颗粒细胞的糙面内质网和线粒体数量增加，颗粒数量减少、体积增大，而透明细胞的超微结构没有显著变化；灭活弧菌处理组小颗粒细胞中的颗粒数量明显减少，透明细胞中线粒体的数量显著增加。由此可见。多糖类和灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂对日本蟳非特异性免疫系统的影响不同，多糖类免疫促进剂主要提高酚氧化酶原激活组分PO的产量，进而提高PO总酶活性，而灭活弧菌类免疫促进剂主要提高透明细胞和小颗粒细胞的吞噬活性。 相似文献
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凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)感染白斑症病毒(WSSV)后大颗粒血细胞的变化 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
采用抗凡纳滨对虾大颗粒细胞的单克隆抗体，应用免疫细胞化学方法，分析了凡纳滨对虾人工感染白斑症病毒(WSSV)后血细胞中大颗粒细胞的变化。研究表明，凡纳滨对虾感染WSSV后，大颗粒细胞的细胞质较正常细胞的多；从WSSV感染凡纳滨对虾的第1天至第3天，大颗粒细胞的数量增加幅度较大。同时，大颗粒细胞占血细胞总数的比例也增加较大：第1天为15．2％，第2天为18％，第3天增大到45．9％，而后大颗粒细胞的比例稍有下降，到第8天下降到43．3％，但仍明显高于对照组(健康虾的大颗粒细胞比例为15．2％)。 相似文献
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研究凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)对多巴胺的免疫响应。结果表明:注射多巴胺对凡纳滨对虾血细胞数量、吞噬率和血淋巴酚氧化酶、溶菌、类α2-巨球蛋白活力影响显著(P<0.05),而对照组各免疫指标无明显变化。在实验时间内,多巴胺处理组各指标均呈峰值变化,3类血细胞、总血细胞数量和血淋巴类α2-巨球蛋白活力在3h时分别达到最小值和最大值,而血淋巴酚氧化酶、血细胞吞噬率和血淋巴溶菌活力于6h时分别达到最大值和最小值,同时各免疫指标变化与多巴胺的注射剂量具有明显的负、正相关性;其中颗粒细胞、半颗粒细胞数量和血淋巴酚氧化酶、类α2-巨球蛋白活力在12h后趋于稳定,透明细胞、总血细胞数量和吞噬率于18h后保持稳定,而溶菌活力在24h后保持平稳,稳定后各免疫指标均恢复至对照组水平。这说明多巴胺对凡纳滨对虾血细胞具有明显的调节作用,能在短时间内引起对虾免疫力的显著下降,并表现出明显的剂量效应性。 相似文献
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三类免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
在基础饲料中分别添加5％MB、0．2％免疫多糖和0．1％鱼虾抗宝，配制成3种试验饲料，以基础饲料为对照组饲料，每处理设3个平行样，对体长为6～8cm的凡纳滨对虾进行为期2个月的饲养试验，每半个月取样一次，以血清中的溶菌力、抗菌力、酚氧化酶、碱性磷酸酶为指标，探讨了该三类免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾非特异性免疫效应的影响，结果表明，除了个别情况外，试验组凡纳滨对虾血清中的溶菌力、抗菌力、酚氧化酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性等均高于对照组，由此推断，MB、免疫多糖、鱼虾抗宝这三类免疫制剂对凡纳滨对虾的非特异性免疫系统具有增强作用。 相似文献
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MALDI-TOF质谱技术研究海兔神经连索外表层的多肽组成 总被引：8，自引：1，他引：7
厦门蓝斑背肛海兔(Notarcusleachiicirrosus)中枢神经系统(CentralNervousSystem,CNS)缺少腹神经节。杂斑海兔(AplysiajulianaQuoy &Gaimard)和美国加州海兔(Aplysiacalifornia)的CNS均有腹神经节。生物质谱技术研究表明 ,美国加州海兔和厦门蓝斑背肛海兔的CNS的神经连索外表层含有丰富的多肽组成 ,部分多肽表现出转移特性。 相似文献
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Derek V. Ellis 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(1):51-63
This article reviews information recently available from existing marine and coastal mining for responses to environmental issues affecting marine mining at different depths. It is particularly but not exclusively concerned with those issues affecting seabed biodiversity impact and recovery. Much information has been gathered in the past 10 years from shallow mining operations for construction aggregate, diamonds, and gold, from coastal mines discharging tailings to shallow and deep water, and from experimental deep mining tests. The responses to issues identified are summarized in a series of eight tables intended to facilitate site-specific consideration. Since impacts can spread widely in the surface mixing layer SML, and can affect the biologically productive euphotic zone, the main issues considered arise from the depth of mining relative to the SML of the sea. Where mining is below the SML, the issue is whether it is environmentally better to bring the extraction products to the surface vessel for processing (and waste discharge), or to process the extraction products as much as possible on the seabed. Responses to the issues need to be sitespecific, and dependent on adequate preoperational environmental impact and recovery prediction. For deep tailings disposal from a surface vessel, there are four important environmental unknowns: (1) the possible growth of "marine snow" (bacterial flocs) utilizing the enormous quantities of fine tailings particles (hundreds or thousands of metric tons per day) as nuclei for growth, (2) the possibility that local keystone plankton and nekton species may migrate diurnally down to and beyond the depth of deep discharge and hence be subjected to tailings impact at depth, (3) the burrow-up capability of deep benthos and their ability to survive high rates of tailings deposition, and (4) the pattern and rate of dispersion of a tailings density current through the deep water column from discharge point to seabed. Actions to obtain relevant information in general and site-specifically are suggested. 相似文献
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G. Parthiban 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):223-235
Particle fluxes were measured 7 m above the sea bottom during the predisturbance, disturbance, and postdisturbance periods by using time series sediment traps attached to seven deep-sea moorings deployed in the INDEX experiment site in the Central Indian Basin. The predisturbance particle fluxes varied between 22.3 to 55.1 mg m -2 day -1 . Increased and variable particle fluxes were recorded by the sediment traps during the disturbance period. The increase observed was 0.5 to 4 times more than the background predisturbance fluxes. The increases in particle fluxes (~4 times) recorded by the sediment trap located in the southwestern direction (DMS-1) were the greatest, which could be the result of preferential movement of resuspended particles generated during the deep-sea benthic disturbance along the general current direction prevailing in this area during the experimental period. Also, the traps located closer to the disturbance area recorded greater fluxes than did the traps far away, across the Deep Sea Sediment Resuspension System path. This variability in recorded particle fluxes by the traps around the disturbance area clearly indicates that physical characteristics such as grain size and density of the resuspended particles produced during the disturbance had an important effect on particle movement. The postdisturbance measurements during ~5 days showed a reduction in particle fluxes of ~50%, indicating rapid particle settlement. 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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海上大直径钢管桩打桩过程中,桩周土体受到强烈扰动而发生强度弱化,掌握桩周土体强度弱化规律对于准确预测打桩过程、保证工程安全具有重要意义。为研究土体强度弱化规律,开展了环剪试验模拟打桩对桩周土体的扰动,测试土体强度随剪切速率的变化规律,建立了描述土体强度弱化规律的拟合公式,引入到打桩分析软件中。研究结果表明：土体的强度折减程度不仅与土体本身的性质有关还受到土体的埋深和剪切速率的影响,埋深越深土体强度折减程度越低,剪切速率越高土体强度折减越高,在打桩分析中可采用这里推荐的线性折减方法来模拟不同深度处土体强度的折减规律。 相似文献
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The advanced piston corer (APC) has been used by the Ocean Drilling Program since 1985 for recovering soft sediments from the ocean floor. The pullout force measured on extracting the core barrel from the sediment is shown to correlate with the average shear strength of the sediment core measured in the ship's laboratory. A simple rule of thumb is derived relating the shear strength of the sediment to the pullout force. Multiple APC holes at individual sites allow the consistency of the pullout measurements to be assessed. The effects of different operational procedures during APC coring are also explored. Although generally applicable, the correlation between pullout force and laboratory measurements of shear strength breaks down for some APC holes, possibly because of the disturbance of some sediment types during the APC coring process. A better understanding of the physical process of APC coring, and its effect on the properties of the sediment both inside and immediately outside the core barrel, would indicate what confidence can be put on the measurement of pullout force as a way of evaluating the in situ shear strength of deep sea sediments. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(11):161-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献