共查询到17条相似文献，搜索用时 343 毫秒
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胜利油田作业海域因受陆地影响显著,水浅滩阔且盐度较低,加之地理位置相对偏北,每年冬季都会发生不同程度的海水结冰现象,给海上油气勘探开发生产和各类工程设施造成影响。利用国家海洋局北海预报中心2005—2016年冬季的各类冰情监测数据并结合部分已有研究成果,对胜利油田作业海域的冰情进行了综合分析,给出该海域的冰情基本特征;在分析海冰防灾减灾形势的基础上,按照我国海冰防灾减灾工作总体部署和要求并结合油田海上生产作业的实际需求,提出了具体的海冰减灾对策与建议。 相似文献
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海冰参数的合理取值是海洋工程海冰灾害风险评估的重要内容。利用1950—2018年的冰情等级(5个等级)数据,进行了1950—2018、1950—1990、1991—2018三种情景下的回归分析,确定了不同时期的冰情等级概率分布密度函数。利用鲅鱼圈雷达观测站2002—2017年的海冰现场实测资料,分别对鲅鱼圈附近海域一般冰厚、最大冰厚、最小冰厚进行概率分布拟合。基于上述概率分布结果,给出不同冰情等级的重现期,进而对海冰作业条件给出的设计参考值进行评价。结果表明:1990年以后2级、3级冰情重现期相对1990年之前变小,4级、5级冰情重现期相对1990年之前变大,规范给出重现期范围已不能代表辽东湾冬季海冰情况。本研究成果可为辽东湾海洋工程可靠性设计提供重要数据支撑。 相似文献
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东营市是黄河三角洲的中心城市,北邻渤海湾,南邻莱州湾,全市海岸线长413 km,15 m等深线内浅海面积4 800 km^2,滩涂面积1 200 km^2,冬季沿岸每年总冰期在70 d左右,严重冰期约为30 d,浮冰外缘线37 km左右。海冰经常会对该市渔港、码头、浅海滩涂养殖和海上基础设施造成重大的影响。随着该地区海水养殖业的经济规模逐渐扩大,海冰对生产活动的影响更加显著。在冰情严重期,海上交通运输、油气开发以及渔业活动将被迫中断,海上设施和港工设施也将遭到破坏,甚至造成船毁人亡等重大事件。研究和分析海冰灾害的成因、分布、危害,以及为应对灾害提出相应的预防措施十分必要,但是限于历史观测资料的缺乏,目前尚未有对东营市海域海冰情况的系统研究。东营市海洋与渔业局自2009年以来对该市海域开展了连续的海冰监测工作,得到了一系列可靠的观测数据,因此,文章在近5年观测的基础上对东营市海域中海冰形成、发展以及海冰灾害的防范措施进行较为系统的介绍。 相似文献
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环渤海地区发达，是我国重要的经济和资源开发区，海上的人类活动如油气勘探开发、港口海岸工程及海上交通运输等在每年冬季海冰形成和发展期间都受到不同程度的影响，严重的冰情甚至造成海冰灾害。为了保障海冰覆盖的渤海海区内的船只、海上建筑物的安全，提前作好防冰的准备，海冰预报方法研究成为必要的一项工作。渤海海冰是典型的一年冰，它的增长和融化以全球气候为背景，主要由当地气象条件决定。对多年海冰资料进行分型可以得到海冰的冰型，把冰型内各冰样本对应的500hPa高度场进行分析得到该冰型对应的高度场型。获得了未来十天的高度场后，我们可以利用冰型和冰型所对应的高度场型之间一一对应的关系，进行渤海海冰未来十天的预报。预报的准确程度由获得的高度场和高度场型的相似程度决策。 相似文献
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开展海冰灾害风险评估和区划,有助于指导结冰海区沿岸各级政府制定和优化海冰防灾减灾决策,以最大限度地减轻海冰灾害造成的损失。本研究选取冰厚、密集度及冰期和各类承灾体密度、规模等作为评估指标,将河北省沿海县级行政区所辖海域作为基本评估单元,利用权重分析等方法,对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行综合评估。在此基础上,结合海冰防灾减灾的实际需求对河北省的海冰灾害风险进行空间区域的等级划分,并绘制风险等级分布图。所得结果较为真实地揭示了海冰灾害风险在河北省所辖海域的分布状况,可为河北省的海冰灾害风险管理等提供依据。 相似文献
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With improved observation methods, increased winter navigation, and increased awareness of the climate and environmental changes, research on the Baltic Sea ice conditions has become increasingly active. Sea ice has been recognized as a sensitive indicator for changes in climate. Although the inter-annual variability in the ice conditions is large, a change towards milder ice winters has been detected from the time series of the maximum annual extent of sea ice and the length of the ice season. On the basis of the ice extent, the shift towards a warmer climate took place in the latter half of the 19th century. On the other hand, data on the ice thickness, which are mostly limited to the land-fast ice zone, basically do not show clear trends during the 20th century, except that during the last 20 years the thickness of land-fast ice has decreased. Due to difficulties in measuring the pack-ice thickness, the total mass of sea ice in the Baltic Sea is, however, still poorly known. The ice extent and length of the ice season depend on the indices of the Arctic Oscillation and North Atlantic Oscillation. Sea ice dynamics, thermodynamics, structure, and properties strongly interact with each other, as well as with the atmosphere and the sea. The surface conditions over the ice-covered Baltic Sea show high spatial variability, which cannot be described by two surface types (such as ice and open water) only. The variability is strongly reflected to the radiative and turbulent surface fluxes. The Baltic Sea has served as a testbed for several developments in the theory of sea ice dynamics. Experiences with advanced models have increased our understanding on sea ice dynamics, which depends on the ice thickness distribution, and in turn redistributes the ice thickness. During the latest decade, advance has been made in studies on sea ice structure, surface albedo, penetration of solar radiation, sub-surface melting, and formation of superimposed ice and snow ice. A high vertical resolution has been found as a prerequisite to successfully model thermodynamic processes during the spring melt period. A few observations have demonstrated how the river discharge and ice melt affect the stratification of the oceanic boundary layer below the ice and the oceanic heat flux to the ice bottom. In general, process studies on ice–ocean interaction have been rare. In the future, increasingly multidisciplinary studies are needed with close links between sea ice physics, geochemistry and biology. 相似文献
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基于CryoSat-2卫星测高数据的北极海冰体积估算方法 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
近30年来,北极海冰正发生着剧烈的变化。海冰体积是量化海冰变化的重要指标之一。本文以2015年CryoSat-2卫星测高数据和OSI SAF海冰类型产品为基础。提取了浮冰出水高度、积雪深度、海冰密集度、海冰类型等属性信息,通过数据内插、投影变换、栅格转换、空间重采样等工作将海冰属性信息统一为25 km×25 km分辨率的栅格数据集。根据流体静力学平衡原理,逐个估算栅格像元对应的海冰厚度值,将其与对应的海冰面积相乘,估算了北极海冰密集度大于75%海域的海冰体积,并分析了海冰厚度和体积的月变化和季节变化特征。用NASA IceBridge海冰厚度产品对反演的海冰厚度进行验证。结果表明二者相关系数为0.72,有较高的一致性。北极海冰平均厚度春季最大,夏季最小,分别约为2.99 m和1.77 m,最厚的海冰集中在格陵兰沿岸北部和埃尔斯米尔半岛以北海域。多年冰平均厚度大于一年冰。冬季海冰体积最大,约为23.30×103 km3,经过夏季的融化,减少了近70%。一年冰体积季节波动较大,而多年冰体积相对稳定,季节变化不明显。 相似文献
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Sea ice characteristics between the middle Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay, Antarctica during the austral summer of 2003 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The antarctic sea ice was investigated upon five occasions between January 4 and February 15, 2003. The investigations included: (1) estimation of sea ice distribution by ship-based observations between the middle Weddell Sea and the Prydz Bay; (2) estimation of sea ice distribution by aerial photography in the Prydz Bay; (3) direct measurements of fast ice thickness and snow cover, as well as ice core sampling in Nella Fjord; (4) estimation of melting sea ice distribution near the Zhongshan Station; and (5) observation of sea ice early freeze near the Zhongshan Station. On average, sea ice covered 14.4% of the study area. The highest sea ice concentration (80%) was observed in the Weddell Sea. First-year ice was dominant (99.7%-99.8%). Sea ice distributions in the Prydz Bay were more variable due to complex inshore topography, proximity of the Larsemann Hills, and/or grounded icebergs. The average thickness of landfast ice in NeUa Fjord was 169.5 cm. Wind-blown snow redistribution plays an important role in affecting the ice thickness in Nella Fjord. Preliminary freezing of sea ice near the Zhongshan Station follows the first two phases of the pancake cycle. 相似文献
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A sea ice extent retrieval algorithm over the polar area based on scatterometer data of HY-2A satellite has been established.Four parameters are used for distinguishing between sea ice and ocean with Fisher's linear discriminant analysis method.The method is used to generate polar sea ice extent maps of the Arctic and Antarctic regions of the full 2013–2014 from the scatterometer aboard HY-2A(HY-2A-SCAT) backscatter data.The time series of the ice mapped imagery shows ice edge evolution and indicates a similar seasonal change trend with total ice area from DMSP-F17 Special Sensor Microwave Imager/Sounder(SSMIS) sea ice concentration data.For both hemispheres,the HY-2A-SCAT extent correlates very well with SSMIS 15% extent for the whole year period.Compared with Synthetic Aperture Radar(SAR) imagery,the HY-2A-SCAT ice extent shows good correlation with the Sentinel-1 SAR ice edge.Over some ice edge area,the difference is very evident because sea ice edges can be very dynamic and move several kilometers in a single day. 相似文献