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1.
采用序列相关扩增多态SRAP(Sequence-related amplified polymorphism)标记对国家级江苏文蛤良种场(筹)保存的广西北海(GX)、江苏南通(JS)、辽宁大连(LN)三个地理种群原种文蛤进行种质资源分析。结果表明:(1)15对引物在文蛤3种群共扩增223个位点,其中多态位点数为159个,多态性位点百分率为71.30%,显示了较高的多态性;(2)GX、JS、LN3种群的多态性位点百分率分别为69.12%、57.81%、51.85%,平均杂合度分别为0.2532、0.2162、0.1836,香农信息指数分别为0.3649、0.3127、0.2714,均以GX种群最高,表明GX种群遗传多样性更为丰富;(3)3种群扩增位点显性基因频率的分布规律揭示,与LN和JS两种群相比,GX种群中低频基因位点显著增加,而隐性纯合基因位点显著减少,表明GX种群中存在大量稀有等位基因。各地理种群原种文蛤遗传多样性水平相对较高,遗传改良潜力大,GX种群作为选择育种的基础群更为适合。 相似文献
2.
翡翠贻贝3个野生种群遗传多样性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
采用表型性状、RAPD和ISSR分子标记对取自广西北海、广东湛江和汕尾的3个翡翠贻贝Perna viridis种群进行遗传多样性分析。翡翠贻贝种群间表型性状(壳长、壳高、壳宽、软体部重、体重和肥满度指数)存在显著的差异(p<0.05)。11个RAPD引物共扩增出114条带,扩增片断大小为237—2099 bp,种群的多态性位点比例和遗传多样性指数分别为57.14%—60.78%和0.174 8—0.190 1。10个ISSR引物共扩增出134条带,扩增片断大小为218—2 695 bp,种群的多态性位点比例和遗传多样性指数分别为72.48%—75.22%和0.245 7—0.253 4。RAPD和ISSR分析都表明汕尾与北海翡翠贻贝种群间的遗传距离最大。结果表明,(1)翡翠贻贝种群具有较高的遗传多样性;(2)RAPD与ISSR标记适合于翡翠贻贝遗传多样性分析,但ISSR比RAPD能检测到种群间更高的遗传变异。 相似文献
3.
花鲈和鲈鱼群体的遗传分化研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术对3个中国花鲈(Lateolabrax maculatus)群体(威海,舟山和北海)和4个日本鲈鱼(L.japonicus)群体(东京湾、山口、有明海和八代海)进行了遗传分化研究。18条随机引物在7个群体中共扩增出159条谱带,其中多态性谱带133条(83.65%)。花鲈和鲈鱼群体间的平均等位基因数和平均有效等位基因数分别为1.836 5和1.524 2,Nei’s多样性指数和Shannon多样性信息指数分别为0.3075和0.4586。花鲈和鲈鱼群体内的遗传多样性分别为0.3156~0.3669和0.2982~0.5150。UPGMA聚类分析显示,舟山、威海和北海3个花鲈群体亲缘关系较近并形成一分支,而日本有明海与八代海的鲈鱼群体同花鲈关系较远,它们与另2个鲈鱼群体(东京湾和山口)形成另一分支。本文结果进一步从分子水平上支持将中国产花鲈和日本的鲈鱼划分为2个种的观点,并且RAPD数据表明花鲈和鲈鱼群体内都出现了明显的遗传分化。 相似文献
4.
橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼和荷那龙罗非鱼的AFLP分析 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
运用AFLP分子标记技术检测了橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼（Oreochromis mossambicus）和荷那龙罗非鱼（Oreochromis hornorum）的种群遗传多样性。提取2种鱼的基因组DNA，经EcoR Ⅰ和Mse Ⅰ限制性内切酶酶切并加接头，从16对选扩引物组合中选出3对扩增结果较好的引物进行PCR扩增。扩增产物经PAGE胶电泳、银染，检测其多态性。3对引物在2种罗非鱼的40个个体中共扩增出94条带，其中多态性条带76条，占总扩增条带的80．9％，2个群体的多态性条带比例分别为71．6％和52．4％。根据Nei氏（1978）统计分析得出橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼种群内遗传相似系数为0．765。荷那龙罗非鱼的为0，821，表明2个罗非鱼种群均具有较高的遗传多样性，橙色莫桑比克罗非鱼种群内遗传多样性相对更高些。2种罗非鱼的种间遗传距离为0．279，推测该杂交组合可能具有杂种优势。 相似文献
5.
文蛤、青蛤和四角蛤蜊的随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)的比较分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
利用随机扩增多态性DNA(RAPD)技术，对吕四海区的三种重要的水产贝类：文蛤、青蛤和四角蛤蜊的遗传多样性进行了分析和比较。用60个随机引物对三种贝类共24个样品进行随机扩增，从中选取了45个扩增效果比较稳定的引物用于群体分析，共得到了250个位点。根据Nei氏公式计算出3种贝类种间和种内的遗传相似性指数和相对遗传距离，并进行聚类分析。通过比较分析，3种贝类之间的遗传距离差异不大。相对与青蛤和四角蛤蜊，文蛤种内的遗传距离要小。 相似文献
6.
利用荧光标记扩增片段长度多态性(fAFLP)技术对文蛤(Meretrix meretrix)、青蛤(Cyclina sinensis)、菲律宾蛤仔(Ruditapes philippinarum)和硬壳蛤(Mercenaria mercenaria)4种帘蛤科贝类的群体遗传多样性和种间关系进行了研究。选择EcoRⅠ/MseⅠ进行酶切,使用6个E 3/M 3引物组合进行扩增,共获得1 096个位点,多态位点比率95.1%,片段长度50~456 bp。其中,文蛤、青蛤、菲律宾蛤仔和硬壳蛤分别得到681,715,702和694个位点,相应的多态位点比率为76.8%,81.7%,83.0%和75.1%,得到17个种特异性位点,可作为4物种特征标记。分析了群体遗传相似系数和遗传多样性指数以及种间遗传相似系数。结果表明,硬壳蛤群体遗传相似系数最高(0.670 9),遗传多样性指数最低(0.236 0);菲律宾蛤仔群体遗传相似系数最低(0.592 5),遗传多样性指数最高(0.261 8);根据遗传相似系数采用UPGMA法构建了4物种32个体的聚类图,表明文蛤与菲律宾蛤仔遗传关系最近,青蛤与其他3物种遗传关系较远。 相似文献
7.
无瓣海桑引种种群遗传多样性的ISSR分析 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
采用ISSR（inter—simple sequence repeat）分子标记技术对采白海南和深圳的2个无瓣海桑Sonneratia a petala种群共45个个体进行了遗传变异分析。11个ISSR引物共扩增出196条带，其中128条具多态性，多态位点百分率为65．31％。在种群水平上多态位点百分率为48．47％。Nei的基因多样性、Shannon信息指数在物种水平上分别为0．1556和0．2441，在种群水平上分别为0．1403和0．2142。无瓣海桑从海南引种到深圳后，遗传多样性水平有所降低。依据Nei的基因分化系数和AMOVA（analysis of molecular variance）分析结果，无瓣海桑种群间发生了一定的遗传分化，但绝大多数遗传变异发生在种群内的个体间。种群间遗传一致度为0．9645，遗传距离为0．0362。UPGMA聚类分析表明，来自同一种群的个体一般都聚在一起。 相似文献
8.
采用RAPD技术对鮸状黄姑鱼(Nibea miichthioides)野生种群及人工繁育群体进行了DNA多态性检测。共采用40个随机引物进行扩增，其中35个引物在野生种群和人工繁育群体中都扩增出230个RAPD位点。野生种群和人工繁育群体的多态位点比率P分别为16．5％和15．7％；群体相似系数S为0．954和0．967；Shannon信息指数H0为0.113和0．104；基因多样性指数H为0．085和0．083；而两群体间的遗传距离D为0．022。所得结果表明两群体间具有非常相近的亲缘关系，且遗传多样性水平都比较贫乏。 相似文献
9.
青岛裙带菜孢子体野生种群遗传多样性的AFLP分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
采用优化的基因组总DNA提取方法,按照经典的AFLP分析路线,对30株青岛近海野生裙带菜(Undaria pinnatifida)孢子体种群内遗传多样性进行了AFLP分析.利用1对引物扩增出38条清晰可重复的带,其中32条呈现多态性,多态位点比例为84.21%,根据引物扩增的指纹图谱,计算出的种群内部平均观测等位基因数(Na)为1.8421、平均有效等位基因数(Ne)为1.375 4、平均基因多样性指数,即Nei's基因多样性指数(H)为0.235 1,Shannon's 多样性信息指数(I)为0.368 4.该种群内遗传距离的分布范围从0.026 7～0.804 4,结果显示,野生种群内个体间各项遗传指数水平均较高,种群内遗传变异丰富.聚类分析表明,在遗传距离为0.21的阈值处,30个个体划分为2大类群,推测青岛野生裙带菜进化上在遗传距离为0.21时发生第一次分化. 相似文献
10.
梭鱼人工养殖群体与自然群体的随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)分析 总被引：54，自引：2，他引：52
利用随机扩增多态DNA(RAPD)技术,对黄河口海域棱鱼人工养殖群体与自然群体的遗传多样性进行了分析比较,以期由分子水平了解梭鱼的种群遗传多样性背景及人为干涉因素对梭鱼种群遗传多样性造成的影响.选用OPC组20个10碱基对(bp)的随机引物,对采自河北省黄骅市的24尾野生梭鱼和15尾人工养殖梭鱼进行了分析.选出11个扩增效果稳定的引物用于群体分析,扩增结果具有较好的可重复性.11个引物共检出112个位点,其中养殖群体中有94个表现多态,多态比例为83.93%;自然群体在96个位点上表现多态,多态比例为85.71%.经计算,养殖群体的遗传多样性指数为0.2124,自然群体的遗传多样性指数为0.2271;梭鱼两群体间的相似系数为92.82%,遗传距离为0.0718.研究结果表明,目前黄河口海域梭鱼群体的遗传多样性比较丰富,人工养殖过程对其未造成明显的影响,估计这与人工养殖过程中人为干涉因素少(如育苗历史短、亲鱼来源于自然群体、无定向选择和近亲繁殖等)有关.这一结果表明,梭鱼的人工养殖业在黄河口海域有很好的发展前景. 相似文献
11.
Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
12.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
13.
The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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15.
《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
16.
The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
17.
Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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19.
Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
20.
Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献