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1.
冷胁迫下红树植物白骨壤和桐花树叶片热值的变化   总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10  
对九龙江口不同土壤盐度的白骨壤和桐花树离体叶片进行1－2℃冷胁迫处理，结果表明，随着冷胁迫时间的延长，白骨壤和桐花树叶片的热值逐渐下降，电解质渗出率呈现不同程度的上升，其中土壤盐度高的澳头白骨壤和桐花树叶片的变化幅度较土壤盐度低的白骨壤和桐花树小。白骨壤和桐花树叶片总含水量在冷处理过程中变化不大，但其自由水含量呈显著下降趋势，而束缚水含量及束缚水与自由水含量的比值则呈显著上升趋势。还原糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量在冷胁迫过程中逐渐下降，蔗糖含量则逐渐上升。土壤盐度高的澳头白骨壤和桐花树叶片的自由水和束缚水含量的变化幅度大于土壤盐度低者，而还原糖、蔗糖、可溶性糖和淀粉含量的变幅则小于土壤盐度低者。  相似文献   

2.
红树叶片衰老过程中活性氧和保护酶活性的变化   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
测定了红树植物木榄(Bruguiera gymnorrhiza)和秋茄(Kandelia candel)幼叶、成熟叶和老叶间活性氧和三种细胞保护酶活性的变化。结果表明，在叶片衰老过程中，丙二醛和H2O2含量显著提高，超氧化物自由基产生速率加快，表明红树叶片衰老中膜脂过氧化作用增强，并且与H2O2和超氧化物自由基含量的上升相关。在3种细胞保护酶中，超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性逐渐降低，过氧化物酶(POD)活性显著提高，过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性在叶片成熟过程中增高，随着衰老而急剧降低，细胞保护酶酶活的变化直接影响了叶片衰老过程中活性氧代谢的平衡。  相似文献   

3.
九龙江口秋茄和白骨壤的渗透调节剂及其贡献   总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9  
于1994年和1995年,在福建省九龙江口龙海市海岸采集秋茄和白骨壤样品,采用原子吸收分光光度法、而定法和比色法分析了其叶片组织中无机和有机渗透调节剂的含量及其贡献。结果表明,秋茄和白骨壤的无机渗透调节剂在总渗透调节中的贡献分别为87.8％和87．4％,有机渗透调节剂的贡献仅分别为12．2％和12．6％。在无机渗透调节剂中,Na 和Cl-占主导地位,其次为K ,而Ca2 、Mg2 和NO3-的贡献很小。在有机渗透调节剂中,可溶性糖占主导地位,游离氨基酸和有机酸的贡献较小。另外,秋茄和白骨壤根据分析的无机和有机渗透调节剂浓度计算出的渗透调节能力均小于实测值,说明存在其它一些未知的渗透调节剂。  相似文献   

4.
运用半薄切片、超薄切片和组织细胞化学技术，在光镜和电镜下，观察研究中国对虾中肠结缔组织中的1种颗粒细胞，该细胞28～32μm大小，细胞核小，胞质颗粒呈多样性。亚甲基兰染色显示，细胞内颗粒具异染性，提示这些颗粒中含有肝素类成分；磷钨酸乙醇法染色显示，该细胞内有嗜铬颗粒并具有肥大细胞颗粒的染色性质；焦锑酸甲法显示，细胞中富含Ca^2 ；酚氧化酶孵育反应显示。酶活性出现在受病毒感染对虾肠壁结缔组织中的这种颗粒细胞中。研究表明：1．存在于中肠背侧结缔组织中的颗粒细胞，在分布位置、细胞形态和相关染色反应结果等方面不同于已往报道的血细胞，这是1种具有某些肥大细胞特征的结缔组织颗粒细胞；2．结缔组织颗粒细胞具有储存Ca^2 的功能；3．病毒感染，可使结缔组织颗粒细胞中的酚氧化酶原转化成有活性的酚氧化酶，提示这种细胞参与对虾的免疫防御反应。  相似文献   

5.
红树林是一种典型的湿地生态系统,研究其生态化学计量特征对了解不同演替阶段红树植物养分利用、分配以及环境适应策略具有重要意义。本文以广西山口红树林保护区由海向岸不同演替阶段的三种红树植物(白骨壤、秋茄和木榄)为研究对象,比较不同器官碳(C)、氮(N)、磷(P)以及沉积物中有机碳(sedimental organic carbon, SOC)、全氮(total nitrogen, TN)、全磷(total phosphorus,TP)的化学计量特征,分析三个演替阶段的红树植物不同器官和沉积物养分的生态化学计量特征。结果表明:C、N、P含量在三个演替阶段植物中均表现为叶、茎大于根(P<0.05),白骨壤叶和茎的N、P含量显著高于秋茄和木榄(P<0.05),不同演替阶段植物对于养分的利用策略不同,演替初期为竞争,演替后期为防御。相关性分析显示,秋茄茎与根中的P含量呈显著负相关(P<0.05),木榄叶与茎中的N含量、P含量均呈显著正相关(P<0.05),红树植物叶、茎的N、P含量与土壤SOC、TP以及C:N有显著的负相关性,随着由海向岸的群落演替,红树植物生长从N限制转为...  相似文献   

6.
采用硫酸铵沉淀、有机溶剂分离、Sephadex G-25分子筛层析等实验方法，从文蛤肉中提取了一种低分子量的多肽，命名为Mer2．本文以溴化二苯偶氮盐（MTT）法检测Mer2对体外培养的癌细胞的抑制作用．结果表明Mer2对体外培养的人肝癌细胞株（HepG2）、宫颈癌细胞株（Hela）、胆管癌细胞株（QBC939）、肺癌细胞株（SPC—A-1和LTEP—a-2）的生长均有很强的抑制作用，且抑制效果随着Mer2含量的增高和处理时间的延长而增强，证明Mer2具有广谱的抗癌活性．其中Mer2对人肝癌HepG2细胞株抑制作用最为显著，光学显微镜观察经Mer2细胞培养液处理后的细胞形态发生明显的改变，流式细胞仪实验的结果表明处理后的细胞周期发生明显的改变，并在G0／G1期前出现凋亡峰．  相似文献   

7.
福建九龙江口桐花树叶片的盐腺系统   总被引：6，自引：1，他引：6  
本文选用九龙江口沿岸红树林中桐花树的成熟叶片作材料,以徒手切片、石蜡切片和透射电镜进行观察,结果表明:盐腺系统包括5个部分,从叶肉向叶表排列是:收集细胞;基细胞;分泌细胞;收集室;盐腺盖。盐腺分泌细胞的结构特征:从叶片纵切面看,分泌细胞是一层长柱形细胞;从其平周切面看,则是个椭圆形的细胞群;在其短轴上,呈二列细胞,而其长轴则为一列由几个至20余个甚至达42个细胞并排而成的两列环,这现象属首次发现。宽向与狭向细胞排列可能与叶小脉输送从维管束来的盐分方向有关。单位面积盐腺系统数目和盐腺系统中分泌细胞数目均随土壤盐度的增加而增加,气孔数目则相反。  相似文献   

8.
莱州湾东南岸海水入侵区地下水中若干离子的主成分分析   总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7  
运用主成分分析方法探讨了海水入侵对莱州湾东南岸地下水地球化学特征的影响。分析结果表明，第一主分量是海水入侵强度的量度，K^ 、Na^ 、Mg^2 、SO4^2-、Cl^-的正向负荷量大，它们的增加意味着海水入侵的加剧，这间接表明可以用以上指标监测地下水的海水入侵。第二主分量是在第一主分量表示的海水入侵强度大致相同的情况下，可逆反应CaCO3 CO2 H2O可逆反应Ca^2 HCO3^-进行情况的量度。Ca^2 、HCO3^-、pH在第二主分量上的负荷量最大，说明水中溶解的CO2显著影响这三者的数值。Ca^2 与HCO3^-负荷量的符号相反，说明两者在含量上是相互消长的。以相关系数为基础作聚类分析，K^ 、Na^ 、Mg^2 、SO4^2-、Cl^-明显地聚为一组，而后三项指标之间的距离较大，并与上述Cl^--K^ 组也保持较远的距离。  相似文献   

9.
利用分光光度计比色法测定了温度、pH值和Hg^2＋等9种金属离子对体长24．2cm±0．7cm仿刺参（Apostichopus japonicus）消化道中蛋白酶活性的影响。结果表明，蛋白酶的最适温度为40℃，对热不稳定，最适pH为7．2。Hg^2＋，Mn^2＋，Ag^＋，Pb^2＋，Ba^2＋，Ca^2＋对蛋白酶的活性有抑制作用，抑制作用由强至弱依次为Hg^2＋〉Ag^＋〉Mn^2＋〉Pb^2＋〉Ca^2＋〉Ba^2＋，其中Hg^2＋和Ag^＋与对照差异极显著（P〈0．01），表现出极强的抑制作用；Cu^2＋，Zn^2＋，Mg^2＋则对酶活有一定的促进作用，其促进作用大小依次为Mg^2＋〉Zn^2＋〉Cu^2＋，Mg^2＋与对照差异显著（P〈0．05）。  相似文献   

10.
选取辽宁獐子岛近岸海域大叶藻样品,对其须根、根状茎和不同生长阶段叶片的灰分含量、热值和元素含量(碳、氮、磷)及其相关性进行研究,结果表明:在不同生长阶段,叶片长度随着生长顺序先增大后减小;灰分含量随着叶片生长逐渐升高,且极显著小于根状茎和须根(P0.01);不同部位干质量热值差异极显著(P0.01),以初生叶最高,为(14.89±0.040)k J/g,后逐渐减小,在须根中最小,为(8.15±0.079)k J/g;不同生长阶段叶片的去灰分热值差异不大,但极显著大于须根和根状茎(P0.01);碳、氮、磷含量均呈同一趋势:初生叶幼叶成熟叶1成熟叶2衰老叶根状茎须根;N/P比值为27.08,说明大叶藻存在P限制;N/P比值在根状茎中最大,须根中最小,这说明大叶藻存在能量的转移和存贮;大叶藻不同部位灰分含量与干质量热值、去灰分热值、碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的负相关(P0.01),干质量热值与碳含量、氮含量、磷含量之间呈极显著的正相关(P0.01);大叶藻不同部位的热值与碳、氮、磷元素含量之间均呈显著的线性关系(P0.05)。  相似文献   

11.
Avicennia marina is a typical mangrove species in the subtropical coastlines of China. The main objective of this study was to assess nutrient and caloric dynamics in A. marina leaves at different developmental and decay stages. Decomposition studies using litter bags suggested that the time required for the loss of half of the initial dry weight (t50) was 19 days. The extracts of A. marina leaves contained non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics (hydrolysable tannin), but no condensed tannin. Non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics contents did not differ significantly from each other at various developmental stages, but decreased rapidly during leaf decomposition. Avicennia marina leaves had high N levels, and both N and P concentrations decreased significantly during senescence. During decomposition, N concentration of the leaf litter increased gradually but the phosphorus concentration showed a decrease in the first week, and both N and P remained the same towards the end of the experiment. The gross caloric value (GCV) of mature leaves was significantly higher than those of young and senescent leaves, while ash-free caloric value (AFCV) did not change significantly during leaf development and senescence. During leaf decomposition, both GCV and AFCV increased gradually and remained the same at late stages. In subtropical Zhangjiang River Estuary, high N levels and lack of condensed tannins in A. marina leaves were responsible for the fast rate of decay. Non-tannin phenolics and tannin phenolics had no great effect on rate of decay. Nitrogen resorption during leaf senescence, and high litter decomposition followed by nitrogen immobilization are the important nutrient conservation strategy for A. marina.  相似文献   

12.
栉孔扇贝消化管的组织学观察   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
运用石蜡切片法和组织化学方法，对栉孔扇贝的消化管进行了研究，结果表明，整个消化管从腔内到腔外，都由黏膜上皮、黏膜肌层、结缔组织和外膜组成。黏膜上皮层由纤毛柱状细胞和杯状细胞组成，基膜很薄，皮下有一层有肌纤维，结缔组织中有丰富的血腔隙，除直肠的外膜为浆膜外，其余皆为纤维膜。纤毛和黏液在食物的运输中起重要作用。胃和晶杆囊上皮能分泌消化酶。胃上上有较弱的碱性磷酸酶和脂酶活性。胃和晶杆囊上皮及纤毛有酸性磷酸酶活性，晶杆囊上皮的核前细胞质中含铁，各部位不含钙。  相似文献   

13.
蓝藻钙信号的研究进展   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
近年来对钙离子在蓝藻信号传导中的潜在作用进行了研究。大量证据表明，蓝藻能够“感知”与“区分”不同的环境刺激，并以钙瞬变的形式产生反应。这是不同的环境刺激所引起的钙离子的内流或外流的结果。由氮缺乏所引起的钙信号对丝状蓝藻鱼腥藻异型胞的分化非常关键。鱼腥藻PCC7120中钙结合蛋白（CcbP）的发现为钙信号在蓝藻中的作用提供了进一步的证据，CcbP的降解或表达下调是氮缺乏时钙信号产生的主要原因。但是与真核生物相比，蓝藻钙信号的编码与解码机制还不清楚。因此，为了解钙信号如何在蓝藻中发挥作用，还要进行系统的、深入的研究，特别是从细胞水平了解钙信号的动力学特征。  相似文献   

14.
Rudolf  Novak 《Marine Ecology》1984,5(2):143-190
Abstract. Microbial colonization on the leaves of a shoot of the mediterranean seagrass Posidonia oceanica (L.) DELILE was studied using Scanning Electron Microscopy. Methods of field ecology such as transect, random plot and stratified sampling survey were applied to the microbial niveau to gain both qualitative and quantitative information on the microbial assemblage. While macro-epiphytic growth was significantly greater on the outer leaf sides, microbial colonization density was significantly higher on the inner leaf sides, both on leaf surface and epiphyte surface. Diatoms colonized the surface of incrusting algae and epiphytic animals in significantly lower numbers than the Posidonia leaf surface and were absent on erect epiphytic algae. Bacterial densities on epiphyte surfaces even exceeded values of the corresponding leaf surfaces on algal thalli near the leaf tips and on old leaves. Diatoms reach highest mean density on mature leaves and close to the leaf tips, while bacteria reach their greatest density on the oldest leaf and closer to the leaf base. Diatom density in general increases with exposure time of plant surface, while greatest bacterial density was observed at 7–10 weeks exposure. Basal leaf parts on younger leaves were dominated by rod-shaped bacteria, while distal leaf parts and old leaves were dominated by small coccoid bacteria. Surfaces of epiphytic algae were always distinctly dominated by small coccoid bacteria, and edges of thalli attracted high microbial densities. Microbial biomass (calculated from cell volumes using standard conversion factors) amounts to 2.3 g dry weight m-2 in the Posidonia stand where the shoot was sampled. The observed patterns of epiphytic colonization are interpreted as the result of a complex, dynamically changing system of interactions both within the epiphytic community and between the epiphytic community, the host plant, and it's environment. A model of the organization of the epiphytic community on Posidonia leaves is presented. “Ultra-ecology” is a term introduced to denote a type of SEM research in the micro-environment which is analogous to in situ investigation in “macroscopic” ecological work.  相似文献   

15.
Leaf mechanical traits are important to understand how aquatic plants fracture and deform when subjected to abiotic (currents or waves) or biotic (herbivory attack) mechanical forces. The likely occurrence of variation during leaf ontogeny in these traits may thus have implications for hydrodynamic performance and vulnerability to herbivory damage, and may be associated with changes in morphologic and chemical traits. Seagrasses, marine flowering plants, consist of shoot bundles holding several leaves with different developmental stages, in which outer older leaves protect inner younger leaves. In this study we examined the long‐lived seagrass Posidonia oceanica to determine ontogenic variation in mechanical traits across leaf position within a shoot, representing different developmental stages. Moreover, we investigated whether or not the collection procedure (classical uprooted shoot versus non‐destructive shoot method: cutting the shoot without a portion of rhizome) and time span after collection influence mechanical measurements. Neither collection procedure nor time elapsed within 48 h of collection affected measurements of leaf biomechanical traits when seagrass shoots were kept moist in dark cool conditions. Ontogenic variation in mechanical traits in P. oceanica leaves over intermediate and adult developmental stages was observed: leaves weakened and lost stiffness with aging, while mid‐aged leaves (the longest and thickest ones) were able to withstand higher breaking forces. In addition, younger leaves had higher nitrogen content and lower fiber content than older leaves. The observed patterns may explain fine‐scale within‐shoot ecological processes of leaves at different developmental stages, such as leaf shedding and herbivory consumption in P. oceanica.  相似文献   

16.
Growth Dynamics in Posidonia oceanica (L.) Delile   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Helmut  Pirc 《Marine Ecology》1985,6(2):141-165
Abstract. Amounts of photosynthate in the rhizomes, in photosynthetically inactive basal parts of the leaves and different old leaf blades were examined. Winter leaf growth was supported by mobilisation of starch in the rhizome. This winter growth enables Posidonia oceanica to utilize the increased energy influx in early spring via the substantial leaf area already developed and to approach highest productivity in spring. During summer and autumn considerable concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found in the leaves and rhizomes. Starch was stored in the rhizomes in concentrations of up to 6.8 % of dry weight. Levels of nitrogen and free amino acids were correlated with growth rates. The percentage of total nitrogen present as free amino acid-nitrogen decreased from November (35 %) to summer (less than 1 %), by which time leaf growth had stopped. In contrast to this, amounts of organic anions were low in winter and spring and reached their maximum in summer.
Within a shoot, sites of leaf growth were characterized by high amounts of total nitrogen and free amino acids (innermost leaves), while carbon Fixation was highest in the leaves #2–#4. Particularly high concentrations of soluble carbohydrates were found midway along leaf blades.
It is evident that this unusual growth rhythm of Posidonia oceanica was only possible because of the ability to store considerable amounts of carbon and nitrogen in the rhizomes.
The results of this investigation demonstrate on the one hand that the chemical composition of the plant is strongly correlated with growth and production, and on the other hand that it is dependent on environmental factors, such as energy influx and temperature, which change with season.  相似文献   

17.
Sediment deposition and production in SE-Asia seagrass meadows   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  
Seagrass meadows play an important role in the trapping and binding of particles in coastal sediments. Yet seagrass may also contribute to sediment production directly, through the deposition of detritus and also the deposition of the associated mineral particles. This study aims at estimating the contribution of different seagrass species growing across an extensive range of deposition to inorganic (carbonate and non-carbonate) and organic sediment production. Total daily deposition measured with sediment traps varied from 18.8 (±2.0) g DW m−2 d−1 in Silaqui (Philippines) to 681.1 (±102) g DW m−2 d−1 in Bay Tien (Vietnam). These measurements correspond to a single sampling event and represent sedimentation conditions during the dry season in SE-Asia coastal areas. Enhalus acoroides was the most common species in the seagrass meadows visited and, together with Thalassia hemprichii, was present at sites from low to very high deposition. Halodule uninervis and Cymodocea species were present in sites from low to medium deposition. The mineral load in seagrass leaves increased with age, and was high in E. acoroides because it had the largest and long-lived leaves (up to 417 mg calcium carbonate per leaf and 507 mg non-carbonate minerals per leaf) and low in H. uninervis with short-lived leaves (4 mg calcium carbonate per leaf and 2 mg non-carbonate minerals per leaf). In SE-Asia seagrass meadows non-carbonate minerals accumulate at slower rates than the production of calcium carbonate by the epiphytic community, consequently the final loads supported by fully grown leaves were, as average, lower than calcium carbonate loads. Our results show that organic and inorganic production of the seagrasses in SE-Asia represents a small contribution (maximum of 15%) of the materials sedimented on a daily base by the water column during the sampling period. The contribution of the carbonate fraction can be locally significant (i.e. 34% in Silaqui) in areas where the depositional flux is low, but is minor (<1%) in sites were siltation is significant (i.e. Umalagan and all the visited sites in Vietnam).  相似文献   

18.
The photosynthetic activity of Zostera marina, Zostera asiatica and Phyllospadix iwatensis shoots from populations of Hokkaido (Northern Japan) was determined using the pulse amplitude modulated (PAM) fluorometer. Several fluorescence parameters were measured as a function of irradiance and leaf age: electron transport rate (ETR), quantum yield, photochemical quenching (qP) and non‐photochemical quenching (NPQ). The leaf age determined by the leaf position in the shoot bundle strongly influenced the photosynthetic activity of Z. marina, Z. asiatica and P. iwatensis. Young leaves had the maximum electron transport rate (Zm: Leaf 1 = 15.7, Leaf 2 = 16.3; Za: Leaf 1 = 13.0, Leaf 2 = 12.2; and Pi: Leaf 1 = 12.5, Leaf 2 = 11.7) and showed higher photoprotection (NPQ) than old leaves. Among the studied seagrass species, Z. marina had the highest photosynthetic activity (ETRmax = 15.3), in accordance with the highest production in the field in comparison with the other two seagrass species. The PAM fluorometry technique showed to be effective in determining intraspecific (among‐leaves) and interspecific (among‐species) variation in seagrass photosynthetic activity.  相似文献   

19.
The crown foliage dynamics of Kandelia obovata (S., L.) Yong were investigated, including leaf recruitment, survival and leaf growth. Newly flushed leaves occurred successively throughout the year, with a maximum in July and a minimum in January. The highest leaf death was in August, whereas it was the lowest in January. The relative mortality rate of leaves seemed to depend on the season when new leaves flushed. The growth pattern of leaves varied among seasons. The maximum leaf area was significantly larger in winter than in autumn, but showed no significant difference between the winter and the other seasons. The half-expansion period and the intrinsic rate of increase were respectively longer and lower in winter than in the other seasons. Therefore, leaves flushed in summer grew faster in their initial stage and attained their maximum leaf area sooner than those flushed in winter. This most likely results from the difference in temperature between summer and winter. The crown leaf area was almost stable throughout the year, as if homeostatic control is likely to function. Stipule litterfall decreased significantly with increasing flower and propagule litterfalls, indicating that a high production of flowers and propagules results in low leaf recruitment. This may be because flower production and propagule growth impose a severe burden on K. obovata.  相似文献   

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