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1.
以胶州湾及青岛近海为研究区域,利用吹扫-捕集气相色谱法研究了二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸(DMSP,分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)在微表层与次表层中的浓度以及它们在微表层中的富集行为。结果表明,DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp在微表层中的浓度高于次表层,它们在微表层中的富集因子分别为1.17、1.84和1.51。研究发现,DMS及DMSPp浓度与叶绿素a(Chl-a)浓度有很好的相关性,但它们的周日变化与Chl-a并不完全同步。DMS/Chl-a和DMSPp/Chl-a的比值在次表层和微表层分别为4.35、13.47mmol/g和3.99、15.88mmol/g。胶州湾及青岛近海生态环境受人为活动干扰严重,使本海域DMS含量较高,从而贡献出较大的DMS海-气通量。  相似文献   

2.
于2013年10~11月现场测定了东海中二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP,分为溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究其水平分布特征、DMSPp的粒径分布及DMSPd的降解速率,并对DMS的海-气交换通量进行了探讨。研究结果表明,表层海水中DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的浓度平均值分别为(4.84±0.40)、(5.84±0.93)和(13.01±0.52)nmol·L-1。海水中DMSPd的降解速率在2.59~16.36nmol·L-1·d-1之间,平均值为(6.78±0.84)nmol·L-1·d-1。调查海域范围内,小型浮游植物(20μm)是DMSPp和叶绿素a(Chl a)重要贡献者。此外,秋季东海表层海水DMS的海-气交换通量为0.66~31.73μmol·m-2·d-1,平均值为(11.63±0.71)μmol·m-2·d-1。  相似文献   

3.
于2012年7—9月现场测定了北极挪威海和格陵兰海区域海水二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP,分溶解态DMSPd和颗粒态DMSPp)的含量,研究了其空间分布格局及其影响因素,探讨了表层海水DMS的生物周转和去除途径。结果表明,表层海水DMS、DMSPd和DMSPp的平均浓度分别为5.36nmol/L、15.63nmol/L和96.73nmol/L,受挪威海流和北极深层水影响,表层海水二甲基硫化物浓度呈现出由低纬度向高纬度海域递减的趋势。DMSPd和DMSPp浓度与Chl a浓度均有显著的相关性,说明浮游植物生物量是影响挪威海和格陵兰海二甲基硫化物生产的重要因素。表层海水DMS生物生产和消费速率平均值分别为18.19nmol/(L·d)、15.67nmol/(L·d)。DMS微生物周转时间变化范围为0.03~1.80d,平均值为0.49d,DMS海-气周转时间是微生物消费时间的90倍,说明夏季挪威海和格陵兰海表层海水中DMS微生物消费过程是比海-气扩散更具优势的去除机制。  相似文献   

4.
本文通过实验室培养研究了不同氮磷比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)以及铁浓度(10、100、1 000nmol·L-1)对球形棕囊藻二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)产生的影响。富磷浓度(36.12μmol·L-1)条件下的球形棕囊藻DMS和DMSP的产量明显高于贫磷浓度条件下(0.361 2μmol·L-1)的DMS和DMSP的产量,N/P比为50∶1时球形棕囊藻的DMS和DMSP产量明显高于其他N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1)的DMS和DMSP产量,但N/P比为50∶1时单位Chl-aDMS/DMSP产量在4个N/P比(0∶1、5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)中却最低。贫磷培养液的DMSPd在N/P比为0∶1时峰值显著高于其它N/P比(5∶1、20∶1、50∶1)条件下的DMSPd,并且N/P比为50∶1时DMS的释放量最大。低Fe3+浓度有助于球形棕囊藻藻液中DMSPd的形成,Fe3+浓度为1 000nmol·L-1时单位Chl-a的DMSPp产量最小,而单位Chl-a的DMS生产能力在Fe3+浓度为100nmol·L-1时得到加强。  相似文献   

5.
2009年12月对黄海进行了大面调查,研究了冬季黄海二甲基硫(DMS)和二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的浓度分布、DMS海-气通量及其影响因素。调查结果表明,DMS、溶解态DMSP(DMSPd)和颗粒态DMSP(DMSPp)的浓度分别为0.95(0.07~3.30)、1.18(0.22~3.54)和5.01(1.63~12.33)nmol·L-1。总体上DMS和DMSP的水平分布与叶绿素a(Chl-a)相类似,呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势。35°N断面的垂直调查结果显示,在水深小于50m的水体中Chl-a、DMS和DMSP浓度较高且分布相对均匀。相关性分析发现,仅DMSPp与Chl-a之间存在一定的相关性。利用Nightingale公式(N2000)估算了冬季黄海DMS的海-气通量,其平均值为2.16μmol·m-2·d-1。此外,根据大气气溶胶中甲基磺酸盐(MSA)和非海盐硫酸盐(nss-SO2-4)的浓度和比例,估算出生源硫释放对气溶胶中nss-SO2-4的贡献比例仅为2.85%,表明冬季黄海大气nss-SO2-4主要受人为活动排放控制。  相似文献   

6.
基于2012年和2014年中国北极科学考察航次白令海现场调查数据,分析白令海东陆架区二甲基硫(DMS)及其前体物质β-二甲基硫巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的空间分布特征和年际变化。结果显示,白令海东部陆架区DMS浓度呈自西向东递减的趋势,浓度平均值由2012年0.80 nmol·L~(-1)(范围为0.11~2.27 nmol·L~(-1))增加至2014年1.33 nmol·L~(-1)(范围为0.07~4.49 nmol·L~(-1))。DMSP浓度的空间变化与DMS不一致,高值区位于断面东部,主要受近岸阿拉斯加沿岸流以及育空河淡水输入的影响。2012—2014年,溶解态DMSP(DMSPd)和颗粒态DMSP(DMSPp)浓度平均值分别从4.21 nmol·L~(-1)、16.83 nmol·L~(-1)提高至14.94 nmol·L~(-1)、49.77 nmol·L~(-1),应是冷水团范围缩减以及浮游植物群落变化所引起的。DMS浓度同温度、c_(PO~(3-)_4)、c_(SiO~(2-)_3)显著相关,而DMS和DMSP浓度同无机氮浓度、盐度均存在显著相关性。表层海水DMS和DMSPd的生物生产速率均高于消费速率,且呈现出东高西低的趋势,原因是温度影响了微生物代谢活动。2014年的生产和消费速率均高于2012年的,主要由于表层海水DMS和DMSPd浓度升高和水团的年际变化。2012年和2014年表层海水中DMS微生物消耗速率平均值分别为13.66 nmol·L~(-1)·d~(-1)和33.87 nmol·L~(-1)·d~(-1),海-气通量平均值分别为3.66μmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1)和5.33μmol·m~(-2)·d~(-1),表层海水DMS通过海气扩散去除的周转时间分别是微生物消费的7.4和5.7倍。白令海东部陆架区表层水体中微生物消费是比海气释放更重要的DMS去除途径。  相似文献   

7.
本研究首次探究了西太平洋雅浦海沟北段从表层到超深渊海水中甲烷(CH4)及二甲基硫(DMS)的前体物质二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)的浓度变化情况。结果表明:雅浦海沟海水甲烷浓度变化范围为1.49~3.87 nmol/L。其上层海水甲烷平均浓度最高,有明显的次表层极大现象。雅浦海沟氧最小层海水的甲烷平均浓度最低;在500~1 000 m中层水中甲烷浓度有一定程度的增大,1 000 m以下至底层甲烷浓度继续升高。研究海区溶解态DMSP(DMSPd)和总DMSP(DMSPt)平均浓度的垂直变化随深度呈先增大后减小趋势,颗粒态DMSP(DMSPp)的平均浓度随深度呈波动式变化,在中层达到最大。雅浦海沟CH4和DMSP浓度垂直变化受浮游生物、微生物、光照、温度、压力、大洋环流等的复杂影响。在真光层海水中,CH4浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为负相关关系,在200 m至底层海水中,CH4浓度与DMSPd、DMSPp和DMSPt浓度表现为正相关关系,显示光照条件是造成雅浦海沟不同深度海水CH4和DMSP浓度相关性差异的关键因素。  相似文献   

8.
黄、渤海二甲基硫化物的浓度分布与迁移转化速率研究   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
于2015年8-9月对黄、渤海海域进行现场调查,研究了海水中二甲基硫(DMS)、β-二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSP)、二甲亚砜(DMSO)的浓度分布、相互关系及影响因素,测定了DMS的生物生产与消耗、光化学氧化和海-气扩散速率,对DMS的迁移转化速率进行综合评价。结果表明:表层海水中DMS、溶解态DMSP(DMSPd)、颗粒态DMSP(DMSPp)、溶解态DMSO(DMSOd)和颗粒态DMSO(DMSOp)浓度的平均值分别为(6.12±3.01)nmol/L、(6.03±3.45)nmol/L、(19.47±9.15)nmol/L、(16.85±8.34)nmol/L和(14.37±7.47)nmol/L,整体呈现近岸高远海低,表层高底层低的趋势。DMS、DMSPd和DMSOp浓度与叶绿素(Chl a)浓度存在显著的相关性。表层海水中DMS光氧化速率顺序为:kUVA > kUVB > k可见,其中UVA波段占光氧化的70.8%。夏季黄、渤海微生物消耗、光氧化及海-气扩散对DMS去除的贡献率分别为32.4%、34.5%和33.1%,表明3种去除途径作用相当。黄、渤海DMS海-气通量变化范围为0.79~48.45 μmol/(m2·d),平均值为(11.87±11.35)μmol/(m2·d)。  相似文献   

9.
于2010年7~11月对胶州湾夏、秋季浮游动物种类和丰度进行现场调查,并分析讨论了胶州湾夏、秋季浮游动物丰度的水平分布与环境因子(温度、盐度、水深、叶绿素a)和二甲基硫(DMS)、溶解态β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSPd)、颗粒态β-二甲基巯基丙酸内盐(DMSPp)的相关性。结果表明,胶州湾浮游动物丰度分布不均匀,8月湾内西部沿岸海域C1站位出现调查期间的动物丰度最大值(656.1ind/m3),最小值(1.492ind/m3)出现在10月胶州湾东北部的A2站位。浮游动物丰度具有明显的季节变化,秋季浮游动物丰度低于夏季浮游动物丰度。浮游动物丰度与盐度、叶绿素a含量、细菌生物量的相关性不明显,2010年10月浮游动物丰度与DMS呈显著正相关(P0.05),11月的浮游动物丰度与DMSPp呈显著正相关(P0.05),其它月份(7、8、9月)的浮游动物丰度与DMS、DMSPd、DMSPp浓度的相关性均不明显。由于浮游动物摄食活动对DMS释放的影响受多种因素的制约,因此浮游动物与DMS的相互作用需要进一步研究。  相似文献   

10.
秋季东海二甲基亚砜的分布与影响因素研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
高楠  张洪海  杨桂朋 《海洋学报》2014,36(4):110-117
2010年11月对东海进行了大面调查,研究了秋季东海表层水中颗粒态和溶解态二甲基亚砜(DMSOp和DMSOd)的水平分布和PN断面的垂直分布特征及其影响因素。结果显示,表层海水中DMSOp和DMSOd的浓度范围分别为2.49~85.5nmol/L和2.27~86.6nmol/L,平均值分别为(17.2±1.40)nmol/L和(15.3±1.29)nmol/L。DMSOp水平分布与叶绿素a(Chl a)相类似,呈现近岸高、远海低的趋势,而DMSOd浓度高值区主要集中在东海西南部上升流区域。分析PN断面的垂直分布可见,DMSOp在近岸底层水中浓度较高,而DMSOd浓度在表层出现高值。相关性分析的结果表明,DMSOp与颗粒态二甲巯基丙酸内盐(DMSPp)以及DMSOp/Chl a比值与盐度分别存在一定的相关性,说明DMSOp与DMSPp具有相似的来源及生理功能。此外,DMSOd与二甲基硫(DMS)浓度具有正相关关系,说明DMS的氧化是东海DMSOd的一个重要来源途径。  相似文献   

11.
《Marine Chemistry》2002,79(1):27-36
Preformed Cd and PO4 were investigated in the northwestern Pacific (Station CM05) and the Okhotsk Sea (Station CM06), and the relationship between the two elements was examined. At CM05, from the apparent oxygen utilization (AOU)–Cd and PO4 plot, the different molecular ratios of consumed O2 to regenerated Cd and PO4 were calculated to be 254,000 (Cd) and 96 (PO4) for the shallow layer (30–99 m) and 613,000 (Cd) and 170 (PO4) for the deep layer (below the oxygen minimum layer), which suggested the preferential remineralization of Cd and PO4 in the shallow layer. At CM06, regeneration ratios of O2/Cd, PO4 were obtained only in the shallow layer (29–124 m) as 227,000 (Cd) and 75 (PO4). The calculated preformed Cd and PO4 concentrations in the shallow layer were 0.59 nM of Cd and 1.6 μM of PO4 at CM05 and 0.35 nM of Cd and 0.95 μM of PO4 at CM06. These concentrations were much higher than those (close to 0) in the low-latitude area, which was attributable to the supply of these constituents from deep water by the strong winter convection. In the deep layer, at CM05, preformed concentrations were 0.64 nM of Cd and 1.4 μM of PO4. Preformed PO4 generally agreed with previously reported values in the Pacific, which suggested that the concentrations of the initial PO4 in the deep water were preserved as preformed through the movement to the northwestern Pacific. On the other hand, obtained preformed Cd in the northwestern Pacific deep water showed a somewhat higher value than that in the southwest Pacific. The possibility of the terrestrial input and remineralization of Cd by CaCO3 dissolution during the northward movement was considered. A plot of Cd and PO4 showed a linear relationship with slopes of 0.34 and 0.40 (nM/μM) at CM05 and CM06, respectively, which generally agreed with the reported values in the North Pacific.  相似文献   

12.
渤海、黄海、东海冬季海流场温度场数值模拟和同化技术   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
利用NASA高分辨率的卫星遥感资料SST,采用Nudging同化来模拟渤海、黄海、东海的三维温度场,减小用热通量作上边界条件所带来的误差.结果表明,模拟的海流场能较好地反映渤海、黄海、东海的环流特征.数据同化后的温度场优于未经同化的温度场.3个选择站点的同化值与实测值的均方根误差分别为1.307,0.526,0.744,用热通量资料模拟的水温与实测值的均方根误差分别为2.160,0.979,1.330.尽管只同化了海表温度,但数据同化对三维温度场结构都有影响.  相似文献   

13.
海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境问题及对策研究   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
陈春福 《海洋通报》2002,21(2):62-68
在分析海南省海岸带和海洋资源与环境优势的基础上,指出当前存在的5个主要问题,即海洋资源的综合开发利用缺乏统一的规划、海洋防护林和生物资源破坏严重、水质富营养化、海域污染等,并对存在问题提出今后的对策。  相似文献   

14.
体现执法威力 维护海上权益   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1       下载免费PDF全文
2004年,是我国海洋工作面临历史性机遇和挑战的一年。中国海监总队在国家海洋局的领导和关怀下,在局各有关部门和各分局、各沿海省(自治区、直辖市)海洋厅(局)的大力支持下,坚持以邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想为指导,认真贯彻党的十六大和十六届三中、四中全会精神,全面落实局党组2004年的重点工作,以执法能力建设为重点,以海盾系列专项执法、执法示范工作为主线,上下团结一致,与时俱进,开拓进取,认真履行职能,全力推进全国海监队伍建设和海洋执法监察工作。  相似文献   

15.
采用东海黑潮主流段长时间序列的实测温盐资料,研究了东海黑潮上层温度、上层盐度的变化及其与中国东部降水和地面气温的关系.结果表明,在过去50 a内,东海黑潮上层海温呈上升趋势,而上层盐度略呈下降趋势.东海黑潮上层海温和我国东部地面气温的关系在冬季十分密切,呈现出大面积显著的正相关,这与冬季南下冷空气的整体降温作用有关.夏季,长江中下游江水的增多致使大量长江冲淡水入海,可能是导致黑潮上层水盐度下降的一个原因,此时东海黑潮上层盐度与我国大陆东部降水呈负相关.  相似文献   

16.
This is a historical review of Canadian policy at the Third UN Conference on the Law of the Sea. Canadian objectives with regard to the territorial sea, fisheries, pollution prevention and the continental shelf are outlined and the role played by the Canadian delegation at UNCLOS is described. The article then examines the impact of the Convention on Canada, particular attention being paid to the Canadian Exclusive Economic Zone and the Canadian role in the controversy over seabed mining. The author concludes by arguing that Canada was a major beneficiary of the Convention, but that US opposition has placed the future of the Convention in jeopardy.  相似文献   

17.
The purpose of our work was to obtain the most possible detailed information about the composition, concentration, and structural features of the magnetic minerals contained in the rock to reveal the differences in the magnetic properties of the peridotites under various circumstances of the mantle magmatism and different conditions of metamorphism. To do this, we examined and analyzed the magnetic and petrographic characteristics of four collections of oceanic and alpinotype spinel peridotites. The main object for comparing the magnetic characteristics was the Gorringe ridge, which lies in the eastern part of the Atlantic Ocean. The peridotite samples from the Gorringe ridge differ from the other collections in many magnetic parameters: I n , χ, Q, I rs /I s , H c , H cr , and H m . The principal question of our work was to clarify the nature of the Earth’s crust where the Gorringe ridge formed. This subject was studied many times in the literature, but the researchers did not reach a common opinion. In accordance with our data, the spinel peridotites from the Gorringe ridge represent a subcontinental lithosphere mantle of the Iberian continental margin. During the metamorphism, the formation of magnetite occurred in the peridotites of the Gorringe ridge in several stages and had a regressive character. Our investigations explain the results of the analysis of the anomalous magnetic field over the Gorringe ridge, which is characterized by sharp roughness and high intensity of the local signchanging anomalies.  相似文献   

18.
Micronuclei (MN), nuclear buds (NB) and fragmented-apoptotic cells (FA) were analyzed in mature peripheral blood and immature cephalic kidney erythrocytes of flounder (Platichthys flesus), dab (Limanda limanda) and cod (Gadus morhua) from 12 offshore sites in the Baltic Sea (479 specimens) and 11 sites in the North Sea (291 specimens), which were collected during three research vessel cruises in December 2002, 2003 and in September 2004. The highest levels of environmental genotoxicity (frequencies of MN up to 0.5‰, NB – up to 0.75‰) and cytotoxicity (FA – up to 0.53‰) were observed in flatfishes from areas close to oil and gas platforms in the North Sea and in zones related to the extensive shipping and potentially influenced by contamination from large European Rivers (Elbe, Vistula, Oder). In dab from the offshore zones of the North Sea, the levels of nuclear abnormalities were higher as compared to those in dab from the Baltic Sea. Responses in immature kidney erythrocytes were higher than in mature erythrocytes from peripheral blood. MN frequency lower than 0.05‰ (the Baltic Sea) and lower than 0.1‰ (the North Sea) could be suspected as a reference level in the peripheral blood erythrocytes of flatfish.  相似文献   

19.
A conclusion about two extreme regimes existing in the large-scale circulation in the North Atlantic has been drawn based on an analysis of the inter-annual variability of the analogue to the Rossby index, as well as that of the heat and dynamic characteristics in separate areas of the north subtropical circulation. The former is defined by a high level of circulation both in the atmosphere and in the subtropical water circulation. In the current century this regime was realized mainly in the years pertaining to the middle and end of a 22-year solar activity cycle (a 22-year cycle). The relatively low level of atmospheric circulation and the slackened water mass transport are typical of the second regime. It dominated mainly during the years relevant to the beginning and second half of a 22-year solar activity cycle.Translated by Mikhail M. Trufanov.  相似文献   

20.
The upper Oyashio intermediate water, one of the source waters for the Sea of Okhotsk intermediate water, is exhibiting a warming trend. The historical data show that the upper Oyashio temperature increased by 2.4°C during 1953 to 2007 at the potential density of 26.75 at depths of approximately 170 m. This rate of warming is much faster than that of the global ocean and the Sea of Okhotsk. The upper Oyashio warming is likely linked to the penetration of warm water of the Alaskan Stream westward. One mechanism of this warm Alaskan Stream water penetration is associated with large Aleutian eddies.  相似文献   

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