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3种海洋微藻多糖提取工艺的研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
采用热水浸提法,通过一系列单因素试验,研究了提取时间、pH、温度和液料比对四爿藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻等3种海洋微藻多糖提取的影响。在此基础上,通过正交试验进一步优化多糖的提取工艺。最后,采用适宜提取工艺制备3种海洋微藻粗多糖样品,并测定样品蛋白质和多糖含量。单因素结果表明,提取时间、pH、温度和液料比均能影响四爿藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻多糖的提取。其中,提取时间显著影响新月菱形藻多糖的提取,提取pH对四爿藻和新月菱形藻多糖的提取有显著影响,而提取温度和料液比均能显著影响3种海洋微藻多糖的提取。正交试验结果表明,四爿藻、新月菱形藻和三角褐指藻粗多糖提取的适宜提取时间,温度,pH和料液比分别为80℃、60℃、80℃,240min、240min、120min;10、10、10;1:15、1:25、1:25。制备的粗多糖样品中蛋白质和多糖含量分别为0.59%、0.76%、1.50%和51.4%、17.2%、13.5%。很低的蛋白质含量和较高的多糖含量,表明采用上述试验确定的提取工艺获得的粗多糖样品纯度较高,利于样品的后续分离纯化。 相似文献
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仿刺参(Apostichopusjaponicus)因其高营养价值并富含多种生物活性成分,具有重要的经济价值。为了充分利用仿刺参加工下脚料,提高养殖经济效益,本文采用复合蛋白酶解法提取仿刺参消化道多糖,研究了酶解温度、时间、pH及加酶量对仿刺参消化道多糖得率的影响,并通过正交实验对仿刺参消化道多糖提取工艺进行优化,利用DEAE-sepharoseFastFlow层析柱对多糖进行纯化,通过傅里叶红外光谱(FT-IR)、气相色谱(GC)及核磁共振(13C, 1H谱)对多糖的结构及组成进行分析。结果表明,复合蛋白酶在pH 7,加酶量1.2?104 U/g,温度60℃酶解6h;利用Sevage法脱蛋白提取得到的仿刺参消化道多糖纯度均一,效果最佳。通过FT-IR结果判断其为糖类化合物,含有β型葡萄毗喃糖苷键;利用气相色谱确定该多糖主要由鼠李糖、岩藻糖、阿拉伯糖、甘露糖、葡萄糖和半乳糖六种单糖组成,其摩尔比为1︰32.86︰14.56︰1.66︰0.78︰10.43,其中岩藻糖的含量最高;核磁共振综合分析结果进一步证实仿刺参消化道多糖含有β型毗喃已糖,且主要是以l, 4-糖苷键相连接。 相似文献
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末水条斑紫菜以组织捣碎机粉碎,在10 mmol/L磷酸盐缓冲液(p H 6.8)中反复冻融3次,收集上清液,通过膨化床疏水层析技术分离R-藻红蛋白(R-PE),剩余残渣用于硫酸多糖提取。使用膨化柱分离,粗提液中约17%的藻红蛋白可以被回收,DEAE-Sepharose离子交换树脂纯化后,约12%的R-藻红蛋白得到回收,光谱纯度大于3.2,纯化得率为0.66 mg/g鲜紫菜。吸收光谱、荧光发射光谱以及凝胶电泳均显示该藻红蛋白属于典型三峰型R-藻红蛋白。利用藻红蛋白提取后的残渣,每克条斑紫菜可回收到30.5 mg的粗多糖,其中硫酸基含量为21.8%。实验证明,微波辅助抽提与热水浸提对硫酸多糖得率无显著影响。纯化的R-藻红蛋白与紫菜硫酸多糖可用于食品、化妆品添加,或药品、保健品的开发。本文对探索次等紫菜生物质的综合、高值化利用,进一步促进我国相关产品的开发与应用具有重要意义。 相似文献
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目的：优化枸杞多糖(LBP)的精制工艺,为LBP的开发提供参考。方法：以多糖提取率为指标,采用正交试验考察提取次数、提取时间、料液比对多糖提取工艺的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,以糖损失率为指标,利用正交试验优化活性炭除色素工艺,以蛋白清除率和糖损失率的综合评分为指标,采用正交试验优化酶-sevag法脱蛋白工艺。结果：最佳提取工艺为提取次数2次、提取时间30 min、料液比1∶10。最佳除色素工艺为活性炭用量1.0%、温度100℃、时间20 min;糖损失率为28.6%。最佳除蛋白工艺为酶用量1.5%、温度50℃、时间60 min;蛋白质清除率为28.2%,糖损失率为10.9%。结论：优选的LBP精制工艺稳定可行,适用于LBP产品开发。 相似文献
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藻胆蛋白和琼胶是来源于藻类的重要活性物质,随着藻胆蛋白和琼胶需求量的日益提升,寻找合适的提取原料尤为重要。本研究比较了中国8种常见江蓠(Gracilaria)的藻胆蛋白和琼胶含量,建立了一种环保的综合提取工艺并进一步优化了琼胶提取条件。研究结果显示不同品种江蓠的藻胆蛋白和琼胶含量有显著差异,张氏江蓠(Gracilaria changii)的藻胆蛋白和琼胶含量相对较高。以张氏江蓠为综合提取藻源,藻蓝蛋白的得率为0.073mg/g,藻红蛋白得率为0.088mg/g,通过单因素实验和正交模型优化琼胶提取工艺,最佳提取工艺为碱浓度4%,碱处理时间2h,碱处理温度65℃,琼胶得率为43.51%。结果表明,张氏江蓠有较高生物资源利用率,综合提取藻胆蛋白和琼胶可以提高张氏江蓠的应用价值,研究为张氏江蓠的综合开发提供理论依据。 相似文献
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为了能够有效利用糙刺参内脏蛋白,以水解度为主要指标,对酶解蛋白酶进行了筛选,并系统研究了酶解温度、p H、加酶量和水解时间等单因素对水解度的影响。在此基础上,利用响应面中心组合设计实验,对酶解工艺进行了优化,得到以温度、p H、加酶量及水解时间为因子的二次方程,通过方差分析和验证性实验得出,此二次方程能较好反应海参内脏团蛋白水解度的变化规律,得到最佳水解条件为:温度52.66℃,p H 6.71,加酶量2.5%(质量分数),酶解时间10 h,预测最高水解度为49.58%。最佳酶解条件下所得多肽74%以上分子质量小于500 Da。利用DPPH法测定最佳条件酶解所得多肽的抗氧化活性,3 g/L的抗氧化率达到了24.8%,利用ABTS法测定最佳条件酶解所得多肽的抗氧化活性,3 g/L的抗氧化率达到了0.255μmol/g。为海参内脏蛋白的利用提供了参考。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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The relationship between the flux of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests (i.e. tests which are supplied from open-sea sources alone) in a tidal inlet and that of bulk sediment was analysed, which can be expressed as two first-order linear equations. According to this relationship, in order to determine net sediment transport directions in the entrance, the test concentration in surficial sediments of the tidal basin can be compared against a ‘ critical level ’. The critical level is determined for the conditions that no net transport of bulk sediment is present within the entrance. If the observed concentration (averaged over the tidal basin) is higher than the simulated critical level, then the net sediment transport is directed to landward. This method is applied to the analysis of net sand transport at Christchurch Harbour, a tidal inlet system located in southern England. In this investigation, concentrations of exotic foraminiferal tests in the surficial sediments of the tidal basin and ebb tidal delta area were obtained from the analysis of sea-bed sediment samples. A series of probable critical levels were calculated based upon the data sets with regard to: (1) sediment discharge from the rivers; (2) magnitude of sediment discharge within the entrance during the ebb; (3) the test concentration outside the harbour; (4) the thickness of the moving layer; and (5) two parameters associated with dispersive processes. The results show that the concentration in the tidal basin sediment is higher than a number of simulated critical concentrations for representative cases. Consequently, the high level of the concentration of exotic benthic foraminiferal tests within the harbour should be explained as a result of landward net transport of sands within the entrance. 相似文献
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Rahul Sharma 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2000,18(3):237-250
Observations on seafloor features from subbottom profiling and seabed photography data show that the undisturbed and natural conditions before the benthic disturbance undergo a substantial change after operation of the disturber. The effects can be seen in the form of deep trenches and grooves, formed by the action of the sleds and the pumping of the sediment along its path, as well as sediment piles on either side of the track. Biological traces such as fecal coils, casts, tubes, burrows, and trails get obliterated in the areas of disturbance and resedimentation. The smooth, uniform nature of the seafloor observed in predisturbance phase shows microtopographic changes in and around the disturbed area as a result of sediment excavation and resettlement. Vertical mixing as well as lateral transport of sediment alter the geological, biological, physical, and chemical conditions on the seafloor, which need to be monitored over time to assess the process and the time taken for restoration of environmental conditions. 相似文献
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Vance P. Vicente 《Marine Ecology》1989,10(2):179-191
Abstract. Long-term changes in the distributional patterns of commercial sponges ( Spongia spp. and Hippospongia spp.) within the West Indian Region indicates that: 1) commercial sponges had a widespread distribution throughout the whole West Indian Region and were ubiquitous in very shallow water until about the first half of the present century; 2) they were fished commercially not only in the traditional northern Caribbean sites (Florida, Gulf of Mexico, Bahamas) but also in the Greater ( e. g. , Hispaniola, Jamaica) and Lesser Antilles; and 3) they became extinct throughout most of the Lesser Antilles ( e. g. , Puerto Rico, Vieques, St. Thomas) sometime during the first half of this century. Mortalities of spongiids within the Antilles were found to differ from other marine mortalities in that: 1) species disappeared from a large region; 2) species vanished from different habitats and depths; and 3) natural populations never recovered. Species richness patterns suggest that commercial sponge genera ( Spongia and Hippospongia ) evolved under slightly cooler elimatic conditions than those found at present, and that these extinctions occurred as a direct or indirect effect of positive thermal anomalies in sea surface and atmospheric temperatures between 1900–1950. The concept that species diversity is stable on a regional scale is questioned. 相似文献
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The behaviour of an axially pre-loaded cylindrical member of an offshore structure, hit by a supply ship, has been investigated. The effects of axial pre-loading on the dynamic properties of members, the extent of damage and propagation of dynamic instability in the tubular members have also been investigated. Numerical models have been validated using available experimental data from the literature although these are mostly static with no pre-loading. Axial pre-loading was found to change the dynamic characteristics of some cylindrical members quite dramatically while it had no significant effect on others. The study examined whether there was any change in the behaviour between local and global modes when the loading was dynamic rather than static. The effect of damping on the dynamic instability of axially pre-loaded tubes under lateral dynamic loads was also studied. It was observed that for some geometries the quasi-static response can be used to define the boundary between bounded and unbounded dynamic responses. The main contribution of this study, compared with previous investigations reported in the literature, is that both pre-loading and dynamic effects have been included. 相似文献