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1.
We analyzed the biogenic silica(BSi) content and produced a diatom-based summer sea-surface temperature(SST) reconstruction for sediment core GC4 from the Holsteinsborg Dyb, West Greenland. Our aim was to reconstruct marine productivity and climatic fluctuations during the last millennium. Increased BSi content and diatom abundance suggest relatively high marine productively during the interval of AD 1000–1400, corresponding in time to the Medieval Warm Period(MWP). The summer SST reconstruction indicates relatively warm conditions during AD 900–1100, followed by cooling after AD 1100. An extended cooling period during AD 1400–1900 is characterized by prolonged low in reconstructed SST and high sea-ice concentration. The BSi values fluctuated during this period, suggesting varying marine productivity during the Little Ice Age(LIA).There is no significant correlation between the BSi content and SST during the last millennium, suggesting that the summer SST has little influence on marine productively in the Holsteinsborg Dyb. A good correspondence between the BSi content and the element Ti counts in core GC4 suggests that silicate-rich meltwater from the Greenland ice sheet was likely responsible for changes in marine productively in the Holsteinsborg Dyb.  相似文献   

2.
The East Sea(Sea of Japan)is a marginal,semi-closed sea in the northwestern Pacific.The Ulleung Basin area,which is located near the subpolar front of the East Sea,is known to have high primary production and good fisheries in spring season.After episodic wind-driven events during the spring of 2017,horizontal and vertical profiles of physical chemical biological factors were investigated at 29 stations located in the Ulleung Basin area.In addition,growth responses of phytoplankton communities to nutrient additions were evaluated by bioassay experiments to understand the fluctuation of phytoplankton biomass.Because of strong northwestern wind,phytoplankton biomass was scattered and upwelling phenomenon might be suppressed in this season.The phytoplankton abundances in the coastal stations were significantly higher than offshore and island stations.In contrast,the nutrient and chlorophyll a(Chl a)concentrations and the phytoplankton biomass were quite low in all locations.Bacillariophyceae was dominated group(>75.1%for coastal,40.0%for offshore and 43.6%for island stations).In the algal bioassays,the phytoplankton production was stimulated by N availability.The in vivo Chl a values in the+N and+NP treatments were significantly higher than the values in the control and the+P treatments.Based on the field survey,the higher nutrients in coastal waters affected the growth of diatom assemblages,however,little prosperity of phytoplankton was observed in the offshore waters despite the injection of sufficient nutrients in bioassay experiments.The growth of phytoplankton depended on the initial cell density.All of results indicated that a dominant northwestern wind led to a limited nutrients condition at euphotic layers,and the low level of biomass supply from the coasts resulted in low primary production.Both supplying nutrients and introducing phytoplankton through the currents are critical to maintain the high productivity in the Ulleung Basin area of the East Sea.  相似文献   

3.
The present study is based on the materials collected from the middle waters of the South China Sea between 12°-15°N and 111°-118°E during May to July in 1978.The biomass of the phytoplankton (Y, dependent variable) is established to give the biomass of each Species and the environmental factors (i. e. water temperature, salinity, oxygen, silicate and phosphate contents), X1,X2...,X139tt are independent variables that are used to stepwisc regression analysis. Accordicg to the mathematical tests and the practical experience by which a lot of species are deleted and added to the equation, the authors consider that the 4th equation as shown below is optimal one for the model of the biomass on the phytoplankton from this waters.The optimal equation refers to text.  相似文献   

4.
酸洗法测定海洋沉积物有机碳和无机碳含量的致命缺陷   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  
Organic and inorganic carbon contents of marine sediments are important to reconstruct marine productivity,global carbon cycle, and climate change. A proper method to separate and determine organic and inorganic carbons is thus of great necessity. Although the best method is still disputable, the acid leaching method is widely used in many laboratories because of its ease-of-use and high accuracy. The results of the elemental analysis of sediment trap samples reveal that organic and inorganic carbon contents cannot be obtained using the acid leaching method, causing an infinitely amplified error when the carbon content of the decarbonated sample is 12%±1% according to a mathematical derivation. Acid fumigation and gasometric methods are used for comparison, which indicates that other methods can avoid this problem in organic carbon analysis. For the first time, this study uncovers the pitfalls of the acid leaching method, which limits the implication in practical laboratory measurement, and recommends alternative solutions of organic/inorganic carbon determination in marine sediments.  相似文献   

5.
Chemometric approach based on principal component analysis (PCA) was utilized to examine the spatial variances of environmental and ecological characteristics in the Zhujiang River (Pearl River) Estuary and adjacent waters (ZREAW) in the South China Sea. The PCA result shows that the ZREAW can be divided into different zones according to the principal components and geographical locations of the study stations, and indicates that there are distinct regional variances on environmental features and the corresponding phytoplankton biomass and community structures among different areas. The spatial distribution of ecological features was implied to be influenced by various degrees of the different water resources, such as the Pearl River discharges, the coastal current and the oceanic water from the South China Sea. The variation of the biomass maximum zone and the complex impacts on the spatial distributions of phytoplankton biomass and production were also evaluated.  相似文献   

6.
Chlorophyll a(Chl a),particulate organic carbon(POC)and biogenic silica(BSi)were determined in coastal waters adjacent to the Zhujiang(Pearl)River Estuary(ZRE)during summer,in order to examine the C:Chl a ratio of phytoplankton and phytoplankton carbon in the plume-impacted coastal waters during summer,as well as to assess the relative contribution of diatoms to the phytoplankton biomass,by the regression between Chl a,POC and BSi.Our results showed that the C:Chl a ratio(g/g)of phytoplankton was high(up to 142),likely due to high light intensity and nutrient limitation.The river plume input stimulated phytoplankton growth,especially diatoms,resulting in higher relative contribution of phytoplankton carbon(55%)and diatoms(34%)to POC in the plume-impacted region than those(33%and 13%)in high salinity area,respectively.Phytoplankton carbon(up to 538μg/L)in the plume-impacted region was much higher than that(<166μg/L)in high salinity area.Our findings were helpful to improve the biogeochemical model in coastal waters adjacent to the ZRE.  相似文献   

7.
Remote sensing applications are important in the fisheries sector and efforts were on to improve the predictions of potential fishing zones using ocean color. The present study was aimed to investigate the phytoplankton dynamics and their absorption properties in the coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea in different seasons during the year 2010 to 2011. The region exhibited 73 genera of phytoplankton from 19 orders and 41 families. The numerical abundance of phytoplankton varied from 14.235×103 to 55.075×106 cells/L. Centric diatoms dominated in the region and the largest family identified was Thalassiosiraceae with main genera as Skeletonema spp., Planktionella spp. and Thalassiosira spp. Annual variations in abundance of phytoplankton showed a typical one-peak cycle, with the highest recorded during premonsoon season and the lowest during monsoon season. The species diversity index of phytoplankton exhibited low diversity during monsoon season. Phytoplankton with pigments Chlorophyll a, Chlorophyll b, Chlorophyll c, peridinin, diadinoxanthin, fucoxanthin, β-carotene and phycoerythrobilin dominated in these waters. The knowledge on phytoplankton dynamics in coastal waters of the southeastern Arabian Sea forms a key parameter in bio-optical models of pigments and productivity and for the interpretation of remotely sensed ocean color data.  相似文献   

8.
For better understanding the phosphorus(P) cycle and its impacts on one of the most important fishing grounds and pressures on the marine ecosystem in the Yellow Sea(YS) and East China Sea(ECS), it is essential to distinguish the contents of different P speciation in sediments and have the knowledge of its distribution and bioavailability. In this study, the modified SEDEX procedure was employed to quantify the different forms of P in sediments. The contents of phosphorus fractions in surface sediments were 0.20–0.89 μmol/g for exchangeable-P(Exch-P), 0.37–2.86 μmol/g for Fe-bound P(Fe-P), 0.61–3.07 μmol/g for authigenic Ca-P(ACa-P), 6.39–13.73μmol/g for detrital-P(DAP) and 0.54–10.06 μmol/g for organic P(OP). The distribution of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP seemed to be similar. The concentrations of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP were slightly higher in the Yellow Sea than that in the East China Sea, and low concentrations could be observed in the middle part of the ECS and southwest off Cheju Island. The distribution of ACa-P was different from those of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP. DAP was the major fraction of sedimentary P in the research region. The sum of Exch-P, Fe-P and OP may be thought to be potentially bioavailable P in the research region. The percentage of bioavailable P in TP ranged from 13% to 61%. Bioavailable P burial flux that appeared regional differences was affected by sedimentation rates, porosity and bioavailable P content, and the distribution of bioavailable P burial flux were almost the same as that of TP burial flux.  相似文献   

9.
CHEMTAX analysis of high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC) pigment was conducted to study phytoplankton community structure in the northern Bering Sea shelf, where a seasonal subsurface cold pool emerges. The results showed that fucoxanthin(Fuco) and chlorophyll a(Chl a) were the most abundant diagnostic pigments, with the integrated water column values ranging from 141 to 2 160 μg/m2 and 477 to 5 535 μg/m2, respectively. Moreover, a diatom bloom was identified at Sta. BB06 with the standing stock of Fuco up to 9 214 μg/m3. The results of CHEMTAX suggested that the phytoplankton community in the northern Bering Sea shelf was dominated by diatoms and chrysophytes with an average relative contribution to Chl a of 80% and 12%, respectively, followed by chlorophytes, dinoflagellates, and cryptophytes. Diatoms were the absolutely dominant algae in the subsurface cold pool with a relative contribution exceeding 90%, while the contribution of chrysophytes was generally higher in oligotrophic upper water. Additionally, the presence of a cold pool would tend to favor accumulation of diatom biomass and a bloom that occurred beneath the halocline would be beneficial to organic matter sinks, which suggests that a large part of the phytoplankton biomass would settle to the seabed and support a rich benthic biomass.  相似文献   

10.
A three-dimensional (3-D) coupled physical and biological model was used to investigate the physical processes and their influence on the ecosystem dynamics of the Bohai Sea of China. The physical processes include M2 tide, time-varying wind forcing and river discharge. Wind records from 1 to 31 May in 1993 were selected to force the model. The biological model is based on a simple, nitrate and phosphate limited, lower trophic food web system. The simulated results showed that variation of residual currents forced by M2 tide, river discharge and time-varying wind had great impact on the distribution of phytoplankton biomass in the Laizhou Bay. High phytoplankton biomass appeared in the upwelling region. Numerical experiments based on the barotropic model and baroclinic model with no wind and water discharge were also conducted. Differences in the results by the baroclinic model and the barotropic model were significant: more patches appeared in the baroclinic model comparing with the barotropic model. And in the baroclinic model, the subsurface maximum phytoplankton biomass patches formed in the stratified water.  相似文献   

11.
以东海、黄海2006年4月、10月航次采集的沉积物样品为研究对象,结合沉积物中生物硅(BSi)含量的空间分布特征进而讨论BSi的反演潜力。研究发现,调查海域表层沉积物中BSi的含量介于0.018%~2.516%,平均值为0.726%,柱状沉积物中BSi的含量波动较小,相对稳定。整体而言BSi含量与相应年代的浮游植物现存量变化的趋势相近。经一元线性分析发现BSi含量与硅藻生物量的相关性显著。为进一步证实由BSi含量反演古生产力的有效性和可信度,采用Tun-nicliffe等的方法探讨了BSi含量在沉积物中的稳定性,调查结果表明,近150 a来BSi几乎没有降解,能够稳定地保存于沉积物中。综上可以初步判断沉积物中BSi含量可作为古生产力指标来反演古生产力的潜力。  相似文献   

12.
从20世纪80年代以来古生产力的重建研究一直是国内外海洋生态学研究的热点,但已有的大多数研究是在深海区;而陆架区的特点是来自陆源物质的影响往往比较明显,因此,研究难度远较深海区大。利用现代沉积物中的有机碳稳定同位素组成来估算海源碳的含量,在此基础上,结合调查区域表层沉积物中的几个初级生产力的代表性指标(浮游植物总量、叶绿素a浓度以及硅藻含量)的调查资料,寻求岩心中海源碳与古生产力指标的相关关系,再由南黄海冷涡沉积区3个典型柱状沉积物中海源碳重建了200a以来高分辨率的古生产力记录,这对陆架海生态环境演变规律的研究有重要意义。对重建所得到的南黄海近代初级生产演化因素的初步探讨表明,近200a来初级生产力波动升高与海水表层温度的升高趋势是一致的,但其最主要的控制因素还是营养盐的供应,其中陆源营养物质和污染物质的影响起到了重要的作用。  相似文献   

13.
二百年来黄海浮游植物群落结构变化的生物标志物记录   总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5  
对位于南黄海的柱状样10694进行了生物标志物分析,利用其生物标志物含量及比例变化重建了黄海过去210 a来的浮游植物生产力及群落结构变化.结果表明10694站位在过去100 a来生产力有上升的趋势,而这种趋势在过去40 a来尤为明显,浮游植物群落结构在过去100 a中有硅藻比例上升-甲藻比例下降的趋势.通过与近期历史资料的对比,得出初步结论:黄海过去100 a生产力上升及硅藻比例增加主要是与东亚冬季风和ENSO增强有关.结果表明,可以用生物标志物法重建过去百年来中国近海生态变化,并可以初步区分自然气候变化和人类活动对近海生态系统演变的影响.  相似文献   

14.
本文通过对阿蒙森海西北部陆隆AMS01岩心沉积物颜色、粒度及地球化学等多种指标分析，重建了该地区氧同位素9期(MIS9，大约距今34万年)以来冰盖与古生产力演变历史，结果表明:(1)岩心沉积物粒度与古生产力替代指标表现出明显的冰期–间冰期旋回变化特征；(2)MIS9、MIS7和MIS5等间冰期沉积速率较小，沉积物呈褐色，冰筏碎屑含量低，生源组分含量高，反映出该时期阿蒙森海地区气候温暖，冰盖发生了大规模退缩，冰盖–冰架–冰山等陆源冰对沉积物的影响减弱，海冰覆盖减弱，有利于浮游植物的生长和繁殖；(3)MIS8c、MIS8a、MIS6、MIS2等冰期沉积速率大，沉积物呈灰色，沉积物随之变粗，冰筏碎屑含量高，生源组分含量低，说明该时期冰盖大幅扩张，陆隆区成为近冰盖/冰架沉积环境，海冰和冰山密集，海洋生产力显著降低；(4)冰期、间冰期内，冰盖与古生产力也有不同程度的波动；特别是MIS8b期发育浅褐色间冰阶沉积，冰筏碎屑含量低，生产力水平与间冰期基本持平，说明阿蒙森海地区冰盖、海洋对气候变化的响应比东南极地区敏感。  相似文献   

15.
作为一种新的地球化学指标方法，多参数生物标志物法已被广泛应用于重建浮游植物生产力。这个方法假设沉积物中生物标志物含量基本可以反映光合层浮游植物的生产力。但对于这个假设还缺乏现场的证据验证，尤其是西太平洋边缘海地区现场证据。本文对南海表层沉积物中的浮游植物生物标志物含量分布进行了研究。通过对南海77个站位的调查，发现硅藻、甲藻和颗石藻3种主要浮游植物生物标志物的总含量变化范围为551147ng&#183;g^-1，陆源生物标志物C27＋C29＋C21正构烷烃总含量变化范围为57—732ng&#183;g^-1。浮游植物生物标志物高值主要分布在近岸区、越南外部及巽他陆架北部的2个上升流区等高生产力区。研究表明，生物标志物的含量分布与现代海洋调查和其他古生产力指标对比显示生物标志物法基本可以用来重建生产力。相对于总有机碳含量（Total organic carbon，TOC）和蛋白石，生物标志物指标可以更准确地重建南海生产力。同时我们也发现，由于氧化降解和陆源冲淡效应的影响，在南海北部陆坡区和吕宋西北上升流区表层沉积物中生物标志物的含量与表层生产力的变化出现偏差，因此，在南海利用沉积物中生物标志物含量重建生产力存在区域性限制。  相似文献   

16.
利用分级浸取分离法将黄海、东海陆架区沉积物氮分为转化态氮(TF-N)和非转化态氮,并将可转化态氮区分为4种形态:离子交换态氮IEF-N 、碳酸盐结合态氮CF-N 、铁锰氧化态氮IMOF-N及有机态和硫化物结合态氮OSF-N。 对各形态氮的平面、垂直和沉积剖面年际分布进行了分析,并进一步探讨了该区域氮形态与古生产力的替代指标——生物硅(BSi)的相关性,揭示了氮形态的地球化学特征及与浮游植物总量的关系。结果表明,黄海、东海陆架区表层沉积物中可转化态氮占总氮的百分比为16.81%,可转化态氮中4种形态氮的平均含量为:IMOF-N(66.65 μg/g)>IEF-N(22.96 μg/g)>OSF-N(17.40 μg/g)>CF-N(11.26 μg/g),IMOF-N是可转化态氮的优势形态;柱状沉积物中各形态氮垂直分布不同,长江口沉积物中各形态氮垂向变化幅度大于南黄海中部;离子交换态氮IEF-N和铁锰氧化态氮IMOF-N对浮游植物总量贡献较大。  相似文献   

17.
随着人类活动的增加和全球气候变化的加剧,东海生态环境受到了人类活动和自然环境变化的双重影响。本文选择位于东海长江口泥质区的柱状样DH3-1进行生物标志物分析,利用多种生物标志物含量及相对比例重建了东海近30年(1983-2010年)浮游植物生产力、群落结构和陆源输入相对贡献的变化,并探究人类活动与自然因素产生的综合影响。结果表明:近30年来,浮游植物生产力呈现上升趋势;约1992-2001年,硅藻比例下降、甲藻比例上升,约2001年后硅藻比例上升、甲藻比例下降。陆源有机质含量在约1992-2004年呈现增加趋势,约2004年后相对降低;海源有机质含量则呈现持续增加趋势。东海近30年来浮游植物生产力的升高主要是因为人类活动剧增与上升流引发东海营养盐输入量增加。群落结构与陆源有机质含量交替变化可能是由不同年份人类活动与自然因素的作用强度不同导致的。  相似文献   

18.
黄、东海柱状沉积物中生物硅含量的分析   总被引：15，自引：0，他引：15  
对东、黄海2 0 0 0年10月和2 0 0 1年5月2个航次所获得的表层及柱状沉积物样品进行分析,在单点提取测定方法的基础上采用连续提取方法,利用斜率校正法扣除非生物硅的干扰,测定了东、黄海柱状沉积物中生物硅的含量。从整个东、黄海海域来看,沉积物中生物硅的含量<1% ,属于低含量海域;讨论了沉积物样品处理方法对分析结果的影响,在此基础上分析了不同海区柱状沉积物中生物硅的分布特征以及沉积物中叶绿素、水体中硅酸盐、叶绿素、N/P比值等生态要素与沉积物中生物硅分布的相关关系。  相似文献   

19.
The paper presents the records of several paleoproductivity proxies (PP) (biogenic opal and Ba (Si_bio, Ba_bio), organic carbon (C_org) and carbonate Ca_carb, chlorin and benthic foraminifera abundance (BFA)) in sediments of the Okhotsk Sea for the last 80 kyr with a resolution of ∼100–300 years. The sediment age model was based on the AMS 14C data, records of benthic foraminifera δ18O, paleointensity of the Earth’s geomagnetic field and magnetic susceptibility. PP values demonstrate series of severe prolonged productivity drops in the Okhotsk Sea followed by a sharp increase during the last glaciation. On the basis of quantitative estimations of the paleoproductivity in the Okhotsk Sea during the cold MIS 2 and warm Holocene (Gorbarenko and Goldberg, 2005), it is suggested that the millennium scale relationship in productivity-climate changes of this basin was similar: an increase in the sea’s productivity was related with regional climate warming and vice-versa. The PP records of productivity/climate oscillations in the Okhotsk Sea during MIS 2–4 occurred contemporaneously with the North Atlantic cold Heinrich events (HE) and Greenland Dansgaard-Oyeshger interstadial (DOI). Observed successions of prolonged climate cooling events followed by rapid, abrupt warming are similar to climate and environmental oscillations in the N. Atlantic and Greenland, that confirms the millennium-scale climate changes synchronicities in the Northern Hemisphere including the far NW Pacific, the hydrology and climate conditions of which are close to those of the Okhotsk Sea. Synchronism of the N. Hemisphere severe cooling (including the Okhotsk Sea) with the Antarctic warming suggests that mechanisms of the “seesaw” effect (Blunier and Brook, 2001) in the low latitude heat redistribution between high latitudes of both hemispheres were more complicated than direct NADW formation forcing and encompasses the global atmospheric reorganization. Within the PP used a closer connection in the Okhotsk Sea millennium oscillations was observed for the C_org, BFA and chlorin; Ba_bio increases more closely to DOI. Si_bio variability does not show any evident correlation with productivity changes.  相似文献   

20.
渤海颗粒有机碳与生物硅的分布及来源   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  
海洋碳、硅循环及其相关联的生物地球化学过程是全球环境变化的热点问题,也是海洋科学关心的重要领域。利用2012年5月和11月份对渤海海域的调查结果,对该海域颗粒有机碳和生物硅的分布特征及来源进行了讨论。主要结论为:渤海有机碳以溶解有机碳为主,具有春季高和秋季低的特征;由陆地来源和海洋自生的有机碳组成,且以海洋来源的有机碳为主。渤海生物硅分布具有明显的梯度特征,河流输入同样对其含量的影响较为突出。渤海沉积物中生物硅含量较高,明显高于中国东部陆架海。渤海表层沉积物中生物硅主要是海源的,依次由浮游藻类、植硅体和海绵骨针所构成,其中浮游藻类占62.9%,陆源植硅体占31.1%。渤海沉积物发现了来自于草本植物的植硅体,这说明了陆地产生的植硅体对海洋生物硅的贡献。  相似文献   

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