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中国对虾体内1株益生菌的筛选与初步鉴定 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
为给对虾专用益生菌制剂的研制与应用提供理论依据和基础数据,研究了从白斑病毒(WSSV) 耐过中国对虾(Fenneropenaeus chinensis)肠道中分离的1株海洋细菌B12的益生特性和安全性,并结合形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析对菌株B12进行了分类鉴定.结果表明:菌株B12能抑制对虾致病性哈维氏弧菌 (Vibrio harveyi)和副溶血弧菌(V. parahaemolyticus)的生长,不分泌溶血素.对β-内酰胺类、头孢类、氨基糖苷类、喹诺酮类抗生素均敏感;对大环内酯类、四环素类抗生素均耐药;对糖肽类抗生素中度敏感.毒性试验表明菌株B12对中国对虾幼体没有明显毒副作用.该菌为革兰氏阴性可动杆菌,鞭毛极生,菌体大小为(0.5～0.6)×(1.1～1.2) μm,接触酶、氧化酶阳性,葡萄糖发酵产酸,能还原硝酸盐,产淀粉酶,不产明胶酶,不能利用丙二酸.16S rDNA的部分序列分析显示菌株B12与嗜盐单胞菌(Halomonas sp.)SB J85具有98.15%的相似性.形态观察、生理生化特征和16S rDNA序列分析证实B12为嗜盐单胞菌属(Halomonas sp.). 相似文献
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从南北极环境样品中分离到7株产脂肪酶的细菌，经16SrDNA序列分析表明，这些细菌分别属于假交替单胞菌属（Pseudoalteromonas）和嗜冷杆菌属（Psychrobacter）．采用p-NPP法对这7株细菌所产的脂肪酶进行酶学性质研究，结果显示这些酶的最适作用温度在30～40cC、最适作用pH值在7—8之间，在低温下能保持较高的剩余活力，对热敏感，属于适冷脂肪酶．其中假交替单胞菌（Psychrobacter sp．7342）所产脂肪酶具有低温下酶的剩余活力高、有效作用温度和pH范围广、热稳定性较好及对多种金属离子抗性强等特点．该菌株能利用多种单一氮源和碳源产酶，最适产酶温度为25℃．在此基础上进行正交实验分析得到了该菌株的最佳发酵条件为：蛋白胨和淀粉含量各为1．33％，酵母膏含量为0．3％，温度为25℃． 相似文献
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一株海洋几丁质酶产生菌的筛选及其产酶条件的初步研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
从胶州湾的海泥中分离到一株几丁质酶高产菌株。经16SrDNA序列分析,认为该菌属于假交替单胞菌(Pseudoaltermonas),并将其命名为SS01。对该菌产几丁质酶的最佳培养条件进行了研究,发现与其它几丁质酶产生菌相比,SS01菌株的最适产酶温度较低,酶活较高。在Zobell2216E培养基中,SS01菌株培养9h进入稳定期。胶体几丁质可诱导该菌几丁质酶的产生。在几丁质培养基中,SS01菌株产酶的适宜条件是:培养温度24℃,培养基起始pH7.0左右,蛋白胨为N源(5g/L),胶体几丁质为C源(5g/L),170r/min振荡培养130h,酶活可达116.2U/mL。 相似文献
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壳聚糖酶高产菌株的筛选和发酵条件的研究 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
从采集的土样中分离到1株产壳聚糖酶能力较强的菌株OU01,并对OU01进行了16S rDNA序列、形态及生理生化鉴定分析。16S rDNA序列分析表明该菌属于微杆菌属;该菌的形态特征与生理生化鉴定结果表明该菌与Microbacteriumsp.的相似性最高;因此将其初步鉴定为微杆菌属(Microbacterium)。同时对该菌的发酵条件进行了初步研究:该菌的最适培养基组成为(g/L):chitosan 10,(NH4)2SO420,MgSO4.7H2O 1.3,K2HPO4.3H2O 1.4,Glucose 1,Yeast extract 3,NaCl 5,起始pH=6.30。最适发酵温度为30℃,最佳发酵时间为96 h,在上述最优条件下,该菌株产酶达到118 U/mL。Microbacteri-umsp.OU01菌株为壳聚糖酶的研究和应用提供了新的来源。 相似文献
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用CMC平板筛选方法,从青岛近海海域海水中分离出一株产碱性纤维素酶的海洋菌株QM11,经16S rDNA鉴定,该菌株为Cytophaga fucicola.对该菌的生物学特性研究表明,其最适生长温度为27℃,生长温度范围为4～48℃,为耐冷菌;在pH7.0～8.0、含3.0%NaC1的培养基条件下,最适宜菌株生长和产酶;QM11所产碱性纤维素酶最适反应温度为40℃,最适反应pH为9.0,在碱性条件下具有较高的酶活性和较好的稳定性.Mn2+、Fe3+对酶反应具有促进作用,Cu2+、Pb2+对酶反应具有抑制作用. 相似文献
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从大型褐藻藻体分离获得一株具有高效降解琼胶和褐藻胶能力的革兰氏阴性菌菌株ST-6。16S rDNA序列分析结果表明,该菌株与海绵假单胞菌的相似度达到99%,NJ法构建系统进化树也与海绵假单胞菌归为一类,鉴定为海绵假单胞菌Pseudomonas pachastrellae ST-6。在2216E培养基、30℃培养条件下,海绵假单胞菌ST-6的生长曲线表明,接种10~48 h为菌株的指数生长期,48~72 h为生长稳定期。产酶结果表明,菌株ST-6在指数生长期时菌液的胞外琼胶酶相对酶活力较高,在接种48 h时,菌液的琼胶酶相对酶活力最高为249.15 U/m L。此外,发现菌株ST-6的琼胶酶和褐藻胶酶的分泌类型分别为非诱导型和诱导型。采用单因素分析法对其生长和产酶条件进行分析,结果表明,海绵假单胞菌ST-6最适生长条件为:温度25~35℃,33值5~9;最适产琼胶酶条件为:温度30℃,33值为7,琼胶浓度0.3%。最适产褐藻胶酶条件为:温度35℃,33值为9。在温度30℃、339和褐藻酸钠浓度0.15%的培养条件下,海绵假单胞菌ST-6获得最高胞外褐藻胶酶相对酶活力为135.54 U/m L。 相似文献
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一株产褐藻酸多糖的海洋假单胞细菌Pseudomonas sp.QDA的筛选和鉴定 总被引：9，自引：0，他引：9
根据已获褐藻酸多糖生物合成基因簇中褐藻胶裂解酶基因(αlgL)的序列设计特异性引物，利用PCR技术从海洋微生物中筛选到1株能够分泌胞外多糖的细菌。采用形态学观察和16S rDNA序列分析鉴定该菌株，结果为假单胞属细菌，命名为Pseudomonas sp.QDA；系统发育树显示该菌株与P.putida亲缘关系最近。菌株产生的胞外多糖可被褐藻胶裂解酶(AlgL)降解，并在紫外234nm处检测到特征性吸收，初步证明含有褐藻酸多糖。 相似文献
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从美国华盛顿州圣璜岛海域的8 种海绵样品的120 株共附生微生物中, 筛选出11 株细菌的粗提物能有效抑制硅藻附着。其中683 号菌株活性最高, 对5 种受试硅藻的平均抑制率达到98.0%。结合形态学特征和扫描电镜观察, 以及16S rDNA 序列分析, 鉴定该菌株为短小芽孢杆菌Bacillus pumilus。并采用正交试验对该菌株进行发酵条件优化, 结合粗提物的产量和抗硅藻附着活性进行统计学分析,确定了该菌株的最佳发酵条件是: 发酵温度25℃, pH 7.5, NaCl 浓度19.45 g/L, 蛋白胨浓度5 g/L。 相似文献
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为获得琼胶酶活性高产菌株,对采集的海水样品进行了产酶微生物的分离、筛选和鉴定。经过平板培养预筛和两次摇瓶培养筛选,从浙江省舟山市普陀区近海海水样品中分离到一株琼胶酶产生菌G-5,该菌株液体培养产酶活力可达到413.8 U/mL。G-5菌株的菌落呈乳白色、半透明、表面湿润;菌体革兰氏染色阴性,大小0.58~0.69 μm1.50~2.26 μm;光学显微镜下呈短杆状,略有弧形。G-5菌株的16S rDNA序列与NCBI数据库中15个弧菌属（Vibrio）菌株的16S rDNA有98%的同源性,可以确定G-5菌株是一株弧菌（Vibrio sp.）。 相似文献
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Arne Schnack-Friedrichsen Angela M. Davis Jim D. Bennell Dei G. Huws 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(4):221-243
The interdependence between the seismo-acoustic properties of a marine sediment and its geotechnical/physical parameters has been known for many years, and it has been postulated that this should allow the extraction of geotechnical information from seismic data. Though in the literature many correlations have been published for the surficial layer, there is a lack of information for greater sediment depths. In this article, a desktop study on a synthetic seafloor model illustrates how the application of published near-surface prediction equations to subsurface sediments (up to several tens of meters burial depth) can lead to spurious predictions. To test this further, acoustic and geotechnical properties were measured on a number of sediment core samples, some of which were subjected to loading in acoustically-equipped consolidation cells (oedometers) to simulate greater burial depth conditions. For low effective pressures (representing small burial depths extending to around 10 meters subsurface), the general applicability of established relationships was confirmed: the prediction of porosity, bulk density, and mean grain size from acoustic velocity and impedance appears generally possible for the investigated sedimentary environments. As effective pressure increases through, the observed relationships deviate more and more from the established ones for the near-surface area. For the samples tested in this study, in some instances increasing pressure even resulted in decreasing velocities. There are several possible explanations for this abnormal behavior, including the presence of gas, overconsolidation, or bimodal grain size distribution. The results indicate that an appropriate depth correction must be introduced into the published prediction equations in order to obtain reliable estimates of physical sediment properties for greater subsurface depths. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2000,23(1):55-61
Specific properties of the interannual sea level variations and annual tides in the Northwestern Pacific were studied. Several tide stations were monitored. The monthly mean sea level for the year of 1995 was analyzed at each tide station. A seismic event in 1995, some tectonic activity around the subject area, and the Kuroshio (the oceanic western boundary current) may possibly contaminate results which would have occurred from the astronomical annual tide alone. 相似文献
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The effect of different fixation and storage protocols on the flow cytometric (FCM) simultaneous analysis of bacterioplankton and phytoplankton in coastal seawater samples (Mediterranean coastal lagoons) was investigated. FCM measurements (cell number, fluorescence and scatter characteristics) were obtained through DAPI staining. Three fixatives [glutaraldehyde (GA), formaldehyde (FA) and paraformaldehyde (PFA)] and two storage (3 months duration) methods (5 °C and −196 °C) were tested. Two dominant populations were detected in studied samples: bacteria and eukaryotic picophytoplankton. Adding fixatives (2% final concentration) appears necessary to obtain FCM exhaustive counts of all the bacteria and phytoplanktonic cells. This was related to the permeation effect of fixatives which allowed a better DAPI staining of the cells. Maximum fluorescence, i.e. optimal staining of the cells was obtained with FA or PFA, and significant lower fluorescences with GA. Fixed samples stored at 5 °C induced rapid cell loss. Only storage in liquid nitrogen of samples fixed with FA or PFA, allows mid-term (≥4 months) preservation of bacteria or picophytoplankton cell numbers, and limited evolution of DAPI-induced fluorescence and scatter characteristics. 相似文献
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Coastal inundation associated with extreme sea levels is the main factor which leads to the loss of life and property whenever a severe tropical cyclonic storm hits the Indian coasts. The Andhra and Orissa coasts are most vulnerable for coastal inundation due to extreme rise in sea levels associated with tropical cyclones. Loss of life may be minimized if extreme sea levels and associated coastal flooding is predicted well in advance. Keeping this in view, location specific coastal inundation models are developed and applied for the Andhra and Orissa coasts of India. Several numerical experiments are carried out using the data of past severe cyclones that struck these regions. The simulated inland inundation distances are found to be in general agreement with the reported flooding. 相似文献
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《海洋学报(英文版)》2014,(9):F0003-F0003
<正>Acta Oceanologica Sinica(AOS)is a comprehensive academic journal edited by the Editorial Committee of Acta Oceanologica Sinica and is designed to provide a forum for important research papers of the marine scientific community which reflect the information on a worldwide basis.The journal publishes scholarly papers on marine science and technology,including physics,chemistry,biology, 相似文献
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Hoi-Soo Jung Kap-Sik Jeong Yong-Shik Chu Sung-Hyun Park Ki-Hyune Kim 《Marine Georesources & Geotechnology》2001,19(3):181-195
Grain size and water content in box-core sediments from the Clarion-Clipperton fracture zone (C-C zone) in the northeast equatorial Pacific were analyzed in detail to understand the downcore variations across a hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Grain-size distributions in the topmost core sediments show two modes: a coarse mode (peaked at 50 μm) and a fine mode (at 2-25 μm). The coarse mode disappears gradually with depth accompanied by the dissolution of siliceous fossil tests, whereas the fine mode coarsens due to the formation of authigenic minerals. Water content increases abruptly across a color boundary between an upper pale brown layer and a lower dark brown layer that is the hiatus between Quaternary and Tertiary layers. Abundant smectites and microvoid molds, which are created by the prolonged fossil dissolution in the underlying sediment, are attributed for the abrupt downcore variation of water content. Overall variations in grain size and water content in the topmost core sediments in the western C-C zone are possibly constrained by the dissolution of biogenic siliceous fossils. Variations in geotechnical properties related to these changes must be considered in the design of nodule collectors. 相似文献
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Shigehisa Nakamura 《Marine Geodesy》2001,24(1):27-33
This article concerns an interrelation between the sea levels and the western boundary flow near a tectonic boundary in a local zone in the Northwestern Pacific. In this zone, sea level variations at stations located on the coast facing the Pacific are studied to find the interrelation between variations of the Kurosio flow as an index of the distance of the flow axis off a specific coast. The result is discussed after data processing of the monthly means of the sea levels, and a notice is taken of variations caused by active crustal upheavals during a seismic event, a local earthquake. 相似文献
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This study tests the hypothesis that the in situ void ratio of surficial marine sediments may be predicted from shear wave velocity-depth data with a reliability equal to that of other methods currently available. Shear wave velocity is fundamentally controlled by the number of grain-to-grain contacts per unit volume of material and by the effective stress across those contacts. In this study, three previously established empirical formulae are used to predict void ratio from velocity-depth data. Field data were acquired along a transect off the northern Californian coast across which water depth increased from 35 to 70 m and seafloor sediment type varied from sand to silty-sand, respectively. A towed seafloor sled device was used to collect shear wave refraction data, and a marked, systematic decrease in velocity was observed along the line, ranging from 35-70 m/s for the coarse, near-shore material to 25-40 m/s for the finer, offshore deposits. Void ratios predicted from these velocities were compared with data measured directly from box-core samples. Of the formulae used for prediction, two agree remarkably well with the control data. Both predicted and control values increase from 0.6-0.8 for the sandy material to 1.1-1.5 for the silty-sand. Thus, this study does not disprove the hypothesis set and demonstrates the potential of field shear wave velocity-depth data as a means of delineating spatial variation in void ratio for surficial marine sediments in a remote, nondestructive manner. 相似文献
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Particulate samples were collected from the Changjiang river system during a flood period, in May 1997, and POC, stable isotope and lipids associated with particles were examined. Results showed the decrease (0.84% ～ 1.88%) of organic carbon content from the upper reaches to the estuary.δ13C values of particulate organic carbon was in the range of -24.9×10-3 to -26.6×10-3, which were close to the isotopic signature of continental C3 vegetation. Total particulate n-alkanes concentrations varied from 1.4 to 10.1μg/dm3,or from 23.7 to 107μg/g of total suspended matter. Fatty acids were present in all the samples, from 1.4 to 5.4μg/dm3, with saturated and unsaturated straight-chain and branched compounds in the carbon number range from C12 to C30. Both δ13C and the ratio of carbon content to nitrogen content indicate the predominance of terrestrial inputs (soil organic matter) among the particles. The biomarker approach has been used to identify the relative portion of terrigenous and autochthonous fraction in the particulate samples. The distribution of fatty acids suggests a striking phytoplanktonic and microbial signal in most particle samples. The terrestrial alkanes are used to estimate the contribution of terrestrial inputs along the mainstream. 相似文献