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阿尔哈达铅锌矿主要产于泥盆系的NW向断裂破碎带中，矿体具雁行排列、局部交叉产出的特征，以盲矿体为主；成矿早期可能以岩浆热液（399-407℃）为主，而中、晚期的热液以大气降水或混合水（194-287℃）为主；硫分别来源于岩浆热液、沉积地层和大气降水；铅同位素测试结果则显示了成矿（岩）物质的混源特点。矿床为与岩浆热液有关的受断裂控制的中温热液铅锌（银）矿。 相似文献
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石家铺子金矿床是岩浆期后热液叠加改造层控破碎带蚀变岩型金矿,其成矿时代为燕山早期,成矿温度180~300℃。岩石中元素丰度及其演化资料表明,本矿床成矿物质来自地层,部分来自岩浆岩。断裂构造严格控制金矿体的产出,并决定了工业矿体的规模及空间定位。硫同位素组成特征表明,硫源以深源同熔岩浆热液为主,部分来自地层。氧、碳同位素组成特征反映成矿溶液以岩浆水为主,混有少量变质水和大气降水。 相似文献
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杜荒岭金矿床是产于石英闪长岩、受压性、压扭性断裂和爆破角砾岩筒联合控制的浅成中温岩浆热液矿床。流体包裹体研究表明: ①流体包裹体的类型以气液两相包裹体为主,其次为纯液相包裹体、气相包裹体及少量含NaCl 子矿物三相原生流体包裹体,成矿流体属NaCl--H2O 体系; ②主成矿阶段均一温度为200℃ ～ 375℃,集中在230℃ ～ 320℃; 流体具有低密度( 0. 68 ～ 0. 94 g /cm3 ) ,低盐度 ( 3. 39 ～ 13. 07 ( wt%,NaCl) ) 的特征,成矿压力为7. 5 ～ 14. 3 MPa,估算成矿深度1. 2 ～ 1. 6 km; ③ 结合新近同位素、微量元素及年代学研究成果,认为杜荒岭金矿主要与晚燕山期岩浆活动有关,成矿流体源于岩浆热液,流体上升过程中发生隐爆和沸腾作用,同时伴有部分大气降水加入,导致成矿物质快速沉淀富集。 相似文献
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云南武定迤纳厂岩浆热液型铁-铜-金-稀土矿床流体特征研究 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
武定迤纳厂铁-铜-金-稀土矿位于我国云南省中部,大地位置上处于扬子板块西缘、康滇地轴云南段。其铁-稀土矿体主要以似层状、浸染状产出,铜金矿体以脉状、块状产于角砾岩内部和铁-稀土矿体内。根据围岩蚀变、矿物组合和矿化特征的差异,将其矿化作用划分为岩浆气液期、交代成矿期、热液成矿期和成矿后热液期4个期次。根据流体包裹体岩相学特征、成分特征、同位素特征等研究表明,岩浆气液期流体为富含碱质和挥发分的高氧化性岩浆,具有高温(500～600℃)、高压(150～200MPa)的特点并发生了流体不混熔,从而分离出交代成矿期岩浆流体。交代成矿期流体温度为中高温(170～550℃),压力为75～155MPa,与围岩碳酸岩发生交代反应,导致铁质和稀土沉淀,并使碳酸岩脱水而演化为变质热液。热液成矿期流体由岩浆流体变为变质流体,并与大气降水发生混合作用(均一温度为120～360℃,压力为31～112MPa),导致物理化学条件发生变化,流体中的Cu、Au不再以络合物的形式稳定于流体中,而是发生沉淀。至成矿期后,主要流体转化为单一低温(95～270℃)、低盐度(1.0%～17.9%)的低温大气降水。 相似文献
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南坑萤石矿床萤石包裹体特征及成因研究 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
对南坑萤石包裹体研究发现,成矿热液温度、压力、盐度低;成分以F~-,Ca~(2+)为主;CO_2/H_2O比值小;fo_2低;氢氧同位素组成与当地大气降水同位素组成特征相同,表明南坑产于花岗岩断裂破碎带中的萤石矿床,成矿热液与物质来源都与花岗岩岩浆期后热液活动没有发生直接联系,属于与大气降水活动密切相关的脉状萤石矿床。 相似文献
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传统的成矿理论,已由单一的岩浆热液成矿,发展为多成因的热液成矿理论,而以大气降水热液成矿理论的进展尤为突出.笔者1985年曾把大气降水热液矿床划分为3大类:①沉积(变质)岩源大气降水热液矿床;②岩浆岩源大气降水热液矿床;③近代大气降水含矿热卤水和地热体系. 1989年3月,在日本召开的第一届中日同位素地质讨论会上,日本的松久幸敬介绍了本洲北部Osorezan含金热泉体系H、O同位素研究成果,指出它是现代局部大气降水渗入地下淋滤第三纪火山岩而形成的富含H_2S的含金热泉体系,温度在90℃ 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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岩石密度和超高压岩石折返速率 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
在常温常压条件下对中国大陆科学钻CCSD主孔100-3000米岩心样品进行了密度测量,建立了密度连续剖面,并界定了不同超高压岩石的密度值。通过对比高温高压物性实验资料,岩石密度随着退变程度增强而降低,榴辉岩密度变化序列为3.52g/cm3→3.49g/cm3→3.07g/cm3→2.93g/cm3。超高压长英质岩石密度变化序列为3.00g/cm→2.80g/cm3→2.65g/cm3。上述实验资料是讨论不同折返阶段岩石所受浮力的基础,为研究折返速率大小提供了基本参数。本文通过折返板块运动平衡时,上浮力与粘滞力平衡这一关系式,定量研究了大陆俯冲板块的折返速率,认为密度差产生上浮力从而引起折返,温度对板块折返速率的影响最为显著;密度差大小、折返角度、折返板块大小对折返速率也有直接的影响。定量模拟分析表明,在温度高于850℃时,板块的折返速率可以超过100mm/a;当温度降至700℃时,折返速率则低于1.5mm/a。作者认为在折返早期,温度较高,板块快速折返至60-70km榴辉岩相深度;随着传导散热,温度降低,板块以较慢的速率折返至中下地壳。折返速率的估算表明,浮力是板块折返第一阶段(从>100km深部折返至<40km的中下地壳)的主要驱动力。 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献
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Mercury,arsenic, antimony,and selenium contents of sediment from the Kuskokwim River,Bethel, Alaska,USA 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
The Kuskokwim River at Bethel, Alaska, drains a major mercury-antimony metallogenic province in its upper reaches and tributaries. Bethel (population 4000) is situated on the Kuskokwim floodplain and also draws its water supply from wells located in river-deposited sediment. A boring through overbank and floodplain sediment has provided material to establish a baseline datum for sediment-hosted heavy metals. Mercury (total), arsenic, antimony, and selenium contents were determined; aluminum was also determined and used as normalizing factor. The contents of the heavy metals were relatively constant with depth and do not reflect any potential enrichment from upstream contaminant sources. 相似文献
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滇东南锡、银、铅、锌多金属矿床主要分布在个旧、白牛厂、都龙3个矿区,而滇东南较大的3个花岗岩体又分别出露在3个矿区或附近.花岗岩体均形成于燕山晚期,岩石化学、矿物成分相似,富含锡、银、铅、锌、钨、铜等成矿元素.矿床主金属元素组合与岩体之间的距离由远而近出现由锡、钨、(铍、铌、钽)→锡、钨、(铁)、铜、铟→锡、铅、锌、银、铟、(锑)有规律的变化.花岗岩浆是成矿物质来源和成矿热源.岩浆侵入初期使上覆地层隆起产生背斜(凹陷部位成向斜);同时使地层产生一系列裂隙、压性断层或层间断裂;岩浆侵入晚期,这些断层再次活动,表现为张性,岩浆产生的含矿热液沿由其活动所造成的断裂迁移、充填、交代、沉淀而形成矿床. 相似文献