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1.
福建大坪花岗斑岩体位于永定县城南部的大石凹—蓝地火山喷发盆地,具斑状结构,基质呈霏细结构、细-微粒结构。文章运用电子探针(EMPA)和激光剥蚀电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(LA-ICP-MS)等技术,对大坪岩体ZK10001钻孔中不同深度的岩石样品进行了矿物和岩石化学分析。分析结果表明,大坪岩体岩性为黑鳞云母碱长花岗斑岩,属于过铝质钙碱性花岗岩,具有较高的分异演化程度,Nb2O5和Ta2O5含量达到了花岗岩型稀有金属矿床的工业品位。铌钽矿物主要与黄玉、萤石的集合体呈稀疏浸染状、星点状产于基质间隙内,其次以星点状存在于石英和长石斑晶中。矿石矿物赋存特征与宜春钽铌矿床类似,可能具有一定的可选性和经济价值。大坪岩体的铌钽富集特征不同于斑岩型铜、钼矿床,与花岗岩型铌钽矿床也存在较大的差别,铌钽的富集过程经历了深部斑晶阶段和浅部基质阶段两阶段岩浆结晶分异作用,F等挥发分促进了铌钽在结晶残余岩浆中富集,在基质间隙间沉淀。大坪矿化岩体的发现暗示斑岩型铌钽矿床存在的可能性。 相似文献
2.
铌钽矿研究进展和攀西地区铌钽矿成因初探 总被引：12，自引：3，他引：9
铌钽矿主要产出类型包括伟晶岩型、富Li-F花岗岩型、碱性侵入岩型、碳酸岩型及冲积砂矿型。前2种类型以钽为主,后3种则以铌占主导。铌和钽大多以铌钽独立矿物(铌铁矿、钽铁矿、细晶石、烧绿石等)呈浸染状分布于含矿岩石中,也有部分以类质同象的形式分布于云母、榍石、霓石、钛铁矿等矿物中。关于铌钽矿的富集机制,一些学者认为可由富F-Na和稀有金属(铌、钽等)的花岗质熔体经结晶分异作用形成;另一些学者则根据铌钽矿化与岩石的钠长石化、锂云母化等紧密共生的特点,认为铌钽的富集是岩浆期后流体交代早期形成的花岗岩所致。攀西(攀枝花-西昌)地区的铌钽矿床(化)基本上都是沿着断裂带分布,矿体赋存于印支期碱性岩脉(碱性正长伟晶岩)中,有少数存在于碱性花岗岩中,与区域上邻近的正长岩体及花岗岩体关系密切。其矿石矿物主要为烧绿石、褐钇铌矿等。初步推断,攀西地区的铌钽矿与二叠纪地幔柱活动有关。碱性的正长岩体及花岗岩体与广泛分布的峨眉山玄武岩、辉长岩均是地幔柱岩浆活动的产物,长英质岩体(包括正长岩体和花岗岩体)是富铌钽岩石的母岩体。碱性伟晶岩脉(如炉库和白草地区)是碱性岩浆逐步演化的产物,含矿的碱性花岗岩是花岗质岩浆分异演化的结果。此外,在该地区的铌钽矿床中,铌钽矿物几乎都富集在钠长石化发育的地段,说明后期的热液交代对铌钽的富集也起到了一定作用。因此,攀西地区铌钽的富集是岩浆结晶分异和岩浆期后热液交代共同作用的结果。 相似文献
3.
内蒙锡林浩特石灰窑铌钽矿床是我国最近发现的一处大型稀有金属矿床.通过详细分析该矿床地质特征、控矿因素及其成因,主要获得如下认识:1)该矿床矿石属于碱性花岗岩系列;2)矿石中的铌钽矿物主要包括铌锰矿、铌钽铁矿、铌钽锰矿、锡锰钽矿和细晶石;3)该矿床可能是前期花岗岩岩浆结晶和后期热液交代综合作用的产物,热液交代是铌钽铷主要成矿阶段;4)从铌钽铷矿化成因和富集规律可知,金属矿化与钠长石化、云英岩化密切相关,且矿体赋存于蚀变花岗岩中,分布上严格受北东向构造的控制,因此,钠长石化、云英岩化的花岗岩是寻找上述稀有金属的直接找矿标志,同时石灰窑燕山早期花岗岩出露地段很可能是寻找稀有金属矿的有希望地区;5)围绕石灰窑花岗岩主岩体周围寻找晚期侵位的钠长石化花岗岩小岩体的隆起和浅部部位,是寻找钽铌铷矿的基本思路. 相似文献
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对本省钽铌矿床根据矿床成因采取四级划分原则进行了详细分类,按成矿作用分内生矿床和外生矿床二大类,按矿床成因及成矿地质条件分二个亚类,根据成矿阶段分七种矿床类型,根据与矿化有关的母岩体的标型矿物分十四种矿体类型,其中蚀变的花岗岩型钽铌矿床是主要类型,其次是伟晶岩型钽铌矿床,细晶岩型矿床因矿物细小,目前尚难利用.各种类型钽铌矿床(点)主要是位于构造隆起带内,分布于怀玉山、武功山、武夷山、于山和九岭等5个钽铌成矿带中.从华力西期至燕山期均有产出,其中以燕山中期为主要成矿期. 相似文献
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福建永定大坪铌钽矿化花岗斑岩体位于永定县城南部的大石凹-蓝地火山喷发盆地,对斑岩型铌钽矿床的产出具有重要的指示意义。本文通过岩相学、显微测温和激光拉曼等实验对大坪岩体ZK10001和ZK10401钻孔不同深度岩石样品中的流体和熔体包裹体进行了研究,试图揭示岩体的熔体-流体演化过程,分析铌钽等成矿元素的富集机制。观测结果表明,大坪岩体主要发育气液两相盐水溶液包裹体和硅酸盐熔体包裹体。流体包裹体均一温度集中在175～225℃,盐度集中在3%～7%NaCleq,密度集中在0.75～0.95g/cm~3,成矿流体主要为中低温、低盐度和低密度的流体,总体属于H_2O-NaCl体系。熔体包裹体主要分布于石英斑晶雪球结构的环带中,含有钠长石、石英和钽铁矿等子矿物。熔体包裹体完全均一温度较高,能够代表早期原始岩浆的组成。研究表明,大坪岩体的原始岩浆富铌钽等成矿元素和碱性组分,大坪岩体的铌钽矿化是岩浆高度分异的产物,铌钽的富集过程经历了斑晶阶段和基质阶段等两阶段结晶分异过程:在早期斑晶结晶阶段,少量铌钽矿物与斑晶一起结晶,并被斑晶包裹;岩浆演化晚期发生流体出溶现象,但未分异出大量流体,F等挥发分促进了铌钽在结晶残余熔体中富集,并在基质间隙中沉淀。大坪矿化岩体的存在指示出斑岩型铌钽矿床存在的可能性。 相似文献
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锡(有时是钨)矿化与钽铌矿化在空间上的联系,在找矿中已引起重视.目前已知的钽铌花岗岩型矿床,总是分布在锡(或钨)矿成矿区内,并常见有一种固定的分带性,表现在:钽铌矿化产于岩体顶部,而锡(或钨)矿化常出现在岩体附近或岩体顶部外接触带的脉体中.根据这一规律,研究锡石(或黑钨矿)的含钽性,对预测隐伏含钽铌花岗岩,在普查找矿中有着极其重要的意义.本文是根据作者在某一矿区进行钽铌花 相似文献
7.
内蒙古赵井沟大型铌钽矿床地质特征及成因 总被引：8，自引：2，他引：6
内蒙古武川县赵井沟矿床是近年来在内蒙古中部地区找到的一处大型铌钽矿床.铌钽氧化物储量为8000余吨(钽氧化物含量大于50％),其中,ω(Nb2O5)和ω(Ta2O5)的平均含量为0.011％和0.012％.铌钽矿化主要在早二叠世碱长花岗岩类侵入杂岩体内,呈浸染状和条带状产出,并且构成似层状、脉状和透镜状矿体.研究表明,碱长花岗岩、碱长花岗细晶岩和碱长花岗伟晶岩锆石U-Pb同位素年龄值分别为(277.14±0.82) Ma、(277.0±2.1) Ma和(276.6±2.1) Ma.鉴于铌钽矿化呈浸染状在含矿侵入杂岩体内产出,推测赵井沟矿床的成矿作用与海西期构造-岩浆活动有关.古大陆块体伸展构造条件下,富钠质钙-碱性岩浆作用为铌钽矿床的形成提供了动力和物质来源,而断裂构造为成矿物质沉淀聚集创造了空间条件.赵井沟矿床属富钠的过铝质花岗岩型铌钽矿床. 相似文献
8.
灵山岩体演化特征及其与稀有金属的成矿关系 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
从岩体时空分布、岩石化学成分、造岩矿物、副矿物、微量元素、稳定同位素、成岩温度、压力等特征，论述了灵山岩体演化与钽铌等稀有金属成矿的关系，简述了区内典型稀有金属矿床主要成矿地质特征及其与岩体的成因联系，进而肯定了区内钽铌等稀有金属找矿的良好前景，并提出了今后找矿的方向和建议。 相似文献
9.
湖南仁里超大型稀有金属矿床的成矿特征与成矿模型 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
湖南仁里铌钽矿床位于燕山期幕阜山复式岩体西南缘,是我国近年来新发现的超大型花岗伟晶岩型铌钽矿床,伟晶岩脉产在花岗岩内部裂隙或灌入冷家溪群片岩中。矿区伟晶岩可分为微斜长石型、微斜长石钠长石型、钠长石型和钠长石锂辉石型四个类型分带,且脉体呈NE-SW向分布。相对于北东部的伟晶岩,南西部的伟晶岩具有较高的分异度,铌钽矿化程度高,仁里矿区为幕阜山地区铌钽矿化浓集中心,是幕阜山地区铌钽等稀有金属主要产地。较大规模伟晶岩脉具有较完善的分带,铌钽矿化主要产在伟晶岩内部的中-粗粒白云母钠长石带和锂云母石英带。各伟晶岩脉总体上具有地表品位低,深部品位升高的特点,在标高411 m时,品位达到最高值(Ta_2O_5品位0.438%),说明仁里矿区深部具有较大找矿潜力。本文在总结仁里矿床成矿特征和成矿规律的基础上,分析了周边及深部的找矿方向,建立了复式岩体"体中体"成矿模型。区域找矿需要重视浅部低品位伟晶岩脉的深部评价,按照"北找钽铌、南找锂"的原则开展外围找矿工作。 相似文献
10.
四川攀西地区铌钽矿床成矿地质条件及找矿前景 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
四川攀西地区具有独特的铌钽成矿地质条件及物化探异常。已发现的铌钽矿床类型和铌钽矿床(矿化点)也佐证了区内具有极好的铌钽找矿前景。其中，火山岩型和热液型铌钽矿床可作为今后工作的重点。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献