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1.
天山乌鲁木齐河流域山区气候特征分析 总被引：12，自引：6，他引：12
乌鲁木齐河流域山区的地理特点使其气候特征与平原区不同；气温年变幅小，降水年内分配极不均匀。每年１１月至来年３月在海拔１０００－２４００ｍ处形逆温层。根据不同台站同期年平均降水量分析，天致在海拔１９００ｍ和３５００ｍ左右有两个较大降水带。气温与湿度随海拔的变化在不同高度带内并一不致。６０年代以来，其气温变化较平原地区要不得多，而降水量在减少的同时其变率增加。 相似文献
2.
贡嘎山地区的冰川水文特征 总被引：1，自引：3，他引：1
贡嘎山地区气候温和，降水量充沛，冰川消融强烈。冰川融水径流模数为１００－１４５Ｌ／（ｓ．ｋｍ＾２），冰川融水径流深高达２０００－４５００ｍｍ．冰川融水径流的年内分配比较均匀，冰川强烈消融期的５－９月，冰川融水径流占冰川区年总径流的８０％左右；径流量集中的６－８月，占６０％左右，冰川融水径流的年内变化气温的年内变化基本相一致，最大值出现在７月或８月。 相似文献
3.
艾比湖流域1957－2013年潜在蒸散、气温、降水变化特征分析 总被引：6，自引：2，他引：4
使用1957－2013年艾比湖流域6个气象站点的平均大气压、平均气温、最高气温、最低气温、平均相对湿度、平均风速、日照百分率以及降水量资料,通过Penman-Monteith方程计算出各个站的月和年潜在蒸散量．利用线性倾向估计、累积距平法和Mann-Kendall法分析了该流域近57年的潜在蒸散量、气温及降水量变化特征．结果表明：近57年来艾比湖流域年潜在蒸散量以－25．05 mm·（10a）－1的速度呈下降趋势．近7年的平均潜在蒸散量与过去50年相比较偏少77．36 mm．年平均气温以0．33℃·（10a）－1的速度上升．近7年的平均气温比过去50年的平均气温增加了1℃．年降水量以7．97 mm·（10a）－1的速度增多．近7年的平均降水量与过去50年的平均降水量相比增多32．45 mm． 相似文献
4.
湛江田洋玛珥湖孢粉组合与古气候变化 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
田洋玛珥湖位于我国雷州半岛热带亚热带地区，以其独特的封闭性与特殊的物化条件，成为研究全球古气候变化的重要场所。根据孢粉组合研究，按冷、暖，湿润、干燥的变化，把近40万a来的古气候划分为13个气候期。第11气候期（35万a B.P.)最热，年平均气温23℃以上；第7气候期（20万a B.P.)气候炎热，年平均气温23℃左右，是玉木／里斯间冰期；7万－1.2万a B.P.气候变冷，称玉木冰期。第3气候期（4.8万－3万a B.P.)相对温暖，称玉木亚间冰期，表现为湿热多雨。第2气候期（3.0万－1.2万a B.P.)最冷，年平均气温为14℃，称为玉木主冰期。第1气候期就是近1.2万a以来的温暖的全新世，年平均气温22℃左右。 相似文献
5.
念青唐古拉山拉弄冰川气象要素变化特征 总被引：3，自引：2，他引：1
利用在念青唐古拉山拉弄冰川垭口架设的自动气象站观测资料,分析了2006年9月1日至2007年8月31日的气温、气压、相对湿度和风等气象要素的日和季节变化特征.结果表明:拉弄冰川垭口气温日变化呈现升温快降温慢的特点,年平均气温为-8.1℃,最冷月为2月,最暖月为7月,其温度分别为-17.6℃和0.7℃;相对湿度日变化呈单峰单谷型,年平均相对湿度为53.4%,8月最大1月最小;气压日变化呈双峰双谷型,年均气压值为497.1hPa,9月值最大2月值最小,其气压分别为501.9hPa和489.9hPa;冬春季的风速日变化比夏秋季大,年均风速为4.2m.s-1,1月最大8月最小,其风速分别为7.5m.s-1和2.5m.s-1,全年盛行以偏南风和偏北风为主,约占全年盛行风向频率的75.2%. 相似文献
6.
东北冻土区积雪深度时空变化遥感分析 总被引：5，自引：5，他引：0
积雪作为冰冻圈的重要组成部分,对地面有保温作用,在消融时又吸收热量降低地面温度,影响冻土发育,对气候的变化十分敏感。利用微波遥感数据1979-2014年逐日中国雪深长时间序列数据集,采用GIS空间分析和地学统计方法,分析了东北冻土区积雪深度的时空变化规律及其异常变化。结果表明,东北冻土区多年平均雪深为2.92 cm,年平均雪深最高值出现在岛状多年冻土区,最低值出现在季节冻土区。东北冻土区年平均积雪深度变化以减少为主,占区域面积的39.77%,减少速率为0.07 cm·（10a）-1。东北冻土区年平均积雪深度在1986年发生突变,开始出现减少的趋势,这与气温突变年份较为吻合。受地形和气温变化影响,年平均积雪深度减少的敏感区域主要发生在岛状多年冻土区。气温是影响东北冻土区年平均积雪深度变化最主要的因素,降水量、风速、湿度、日照时数对积雪深度均有影响。季节冻土区积雪深度对气候的敏感性要大于多年冻土区。 相似文献
7.
热桩与空气间的对流换热规律研究 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
通过低温室内试验研究热桩与空气间的对流换热规律结果表明，热桩的热流量和放热系数随气温、风速的变化而变化，但因冷凝器特定外形热阻及热桩内凝结换热的影响，气温大于－１２℃和风速大于２ｍ／ｓ时，热桩与空气间的对流换热效率降低。 相似文献
8.
乌鲁木齐河径流主要来源于降水和冰雪融水，近３０年来由于夏季气温的回升及降水量减少，导致了冰川减薄。采用相关法对上游大西沟气温、降水及１号冰川物质平衡值进行趋势计算得出，乌鲁木齐河上游冰川区域夏季平均气温回升了０．１４℃；而６－８月降水总量减少２４ｍｍ，７－８月降水总量减少１９ｍｍ，年降水量减少１７ｍｍ；近３０年来１号冰川平均每减薄１４０ｍｍ水层，９０年代初冰川减薄厚度平均每年达１８１ｍｍ水层。根据 相似文献
9.
北极阿拉斯加巴罗地区Ｅｌｓｏｎ湖长６０ｃｍＡＢ—６７钻孔岩芯提供了过去４５０年连续的高分辨环境变化记录。综合分析２１０Ｐｂ测年、沉积物粒度、有机质、化学元素和微体古生物化石等资料，一致反映出巴罗地区过去４５０年的气候、环境变化过程存在如下３个阶段：１）大约１５４０～１７４０年，为低海面寒冷时期；２）１７４０～１８２７年，为气候转暖－海侵过渡时期；３）１８２７年至今，为继续海侵－气候波动变暖时期。其中１８００年前后和１９４０年前后，气温较高。１９２１～１９９３年巴罗的气温记录说明，北极地区气温不仅有明显的１０ａ和６０ａ周期变化，而且年平均温度变幅极大，达４．５℃。显示极地气候变化特别强烈并不反映大幅度升温。近２０年来的变暖趋势是１８２７年以来自然的气候波动变暖的继续。 相似文献
10.
若尔盖高原及其周围山地的冻土和环境 总被引：8，自引：4，他引：8
若尔盖高原内部年平均气温０．６～３．３℃，气温年较差１９．１～２１．２℃，已不具备多年冻土形成和保存的气候条件。据１９９２年７月间试坑和钻孔测温，在１．０～２．２ｍ深处地温为５～８．４℃，浅层地下水温６．０～７．８℃，由此判断不存在多年冻土，季节冻结深度为１．０～２．０ｍ。据冻土现象和试坑资料判断，周围山地海拔４１５０～４２００ｍ以上发育山地岛状多年冻土。区内沼泽演化表明，部分沼泽已疏干或向疏干趋势发展，草场退化和草原沙化已成为本区生态环境的重要问题，并已影响畜牧业发展 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献