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1.
新疆新源县城南石炭纪火山岩岩石学和元素地球化学研究 总被引：14，自引：0，他引：14
新疆新源县南部那拉提山北坡出露的石炭纪火山岩主要由玄武岩、玄武质粗面安山岩、粗面安山岩、安山岩、流纹岩和火山碎屑岩组成。该火山岩中玄武岩属于钙碱性系列，安山质岩石和流纹岩属于高钾钙碱性系列，其中轻稀土轻微富集而重稀土相对亏损，玄武岩富集大离子亲石元素、U、Th和Pb，亏损高场强元素。研究表明，该火山岩岩浆可能是由俯冲板片脱水产生的流体交代地幔楔后，地幔楔发生部分熔融的结果。微量元素模拟计算表明，该玄武岩岩浆可以由石榴石二辉橄榄岩经3％～6％的部分熔融得到；安山质岩浆可由玄武岩岩浆经15％-28％的分离结晶形成。 相似文献
2.
高镁安山岩为一类相对富镁的中性火山岩(SiO_2=54~65 wt%,Mg~#≥45),一般分布于岛弧环境,其形成往往与板块俯冲密切相关。位于大兴安岭中段的内蒙古阿尔山市五岔沟地区分布了面积达700 km~2的新生代火山岩,其岩性为安山质熔岩,这在中国东部新生代火山岩(以玄武岩为主)中非常罕见。这些新生代安山岩与新生代玄武岩一样,均是板内岩浆作用的产物,其元素地球化学特征与岛弧高镁安山岩相似:SiO_2变化于54.10~57.97 wt%之间,Mg~#范围在53~60之间;在微量元素标准化图上,具有富集大离子亲石元素、亏损高场强元素的特征,类似于典型的弧火山岩。因此,笔者定义五岔沟地区的新生代火山岩为板内高镁安山岩。五岔沟新生代高镁安山岩的主量元素变化范围非常小。与该区中生代火山岩相比,在一定的SiO_2下,具有偏高的MgO(4.95~6.64 wt%)和Fe_2O_3~T(7.78~10.28 wt%)含量,偏低的CaO(5.77~7.55wt%)、Al_2O_3(14.33~15.61 wt%)和K_2O(0.06~1.45 wt%)含量。在Harker图解上,这些高镁安山岩没有表现出明显的演化趋势,反映其未经历明显的岩浆演化过程,化学组成接近原始岩浆。与实验熔体对比,五岔沟高镁安山岩的成分大致与榴辉岩来源熔体相吻合,但具有相对偏高的MgO含量。因此,五岔沟高镁安山岩的源区很可能是地幔中再循环的地壳物质(榴辉岩),在熔体上升过程中可能与地幔橄榄岩发生了反应。 相似文献
3.
《吉林大学学报(地球科学版)》2015,(Z1)
安山岩广泛出露于汇聚板块边界,表明其成因与板块俯冲有关。另一方面,大陆地壳整体上被认为是地幔部分熔融的产物,平均成分为安山质,是与亏损地幔(DM)互补的地球化学储库。然而,地幔部分熔融的产物通常具有玄武质成分,这与大陆地壳的安山岩平均成分不符。这个问题一直困扰着地球化学家们。因此,揭示安山岩的成因对于理解大陆地壳的形成和壳幔分异历史具有十分重要的意义。目前普遍接受的汇聚板块边界安山岩的成因模型包括:1)玄武岩输入模型;2)安山岩模型。这两者的主要区别在于地幔来源的初始岩浆是玄武质还是安山质。玄武岩输入模型认为初始岩浆为玄武质,安山岩是由初始玄武质岩浆在壳内的分异如分离结晶、地壳混染以及岩浆混合等地质过程形成的。安山岩模型则认为初始岩浆为安山质,是富水地幔橄榄岩部分熔融或俯冲板片部分熔融产生的埃达克质熔体与地幔橄榄岩反应的产物。无论哪种模型,俯冲隧道内的板片-地幔相互作用是形成安山岩地幔源区的关键过程,俯冲地壳物质是形成汇聚板块边界安山岩重要的组分来源。板片俯冲进入地幔是引起地幔化学不均一性的重要地质过程。在大洋俯冲带,俯冲洋壳释放流体/熔体交代上覆地幔楔并引发地幔楔发生部分熔融,从而形成同俯冲弧岩浆岩。大陆俯冲带通常缺乏对应的同俯冲弧岩浆岩,但在造山带内部和仰冲板块边缘通常发育大量同折返和碰撞后岩浆岩,这些岩浆岩为研究俯冲陆壳物质再造和再循环及其壳幔相互作用提供了重要的研究载体。大别造山带是三叠纪华南板块向华北板块俯冲碰撞形成的碰撞造山带,发育有大量的碰撞后火成岩,其中含有安山质火山岩。我们对大别造山带北淮阳碰撞后安山质火山岩进行了详细的地球化学研究,包括全岩主微量、Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf同位素分析,锆石SIMS U-Pb定年、O同位素和Lu-Hf同位素分析。这些火山岩具有变化的Si O2质量分数(50.3%~63.9%),Mg O质量分数(1.2%~4.7%),Mg#(32.4~63.6),Na2O+K2O质量分数(5.0%~8.5%),其岩性主体为粗面安山岩,还有少量玄武粗面安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和粗面岩。锆石SIMS U-Pb定年结果显示,北淮阳安山质火山岩的形成年龄为早白垩世(123~130 Ma)。另外,它们含有丰富的残留锆石核,其U-Pb年龄为新元古代和三叠纪,分别与大别造山带超高压变质岩的原岩和变质年龄一致。它们具有弧型的微量元素分布特征,即富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)和轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE);具有富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素组成,即高的初始87Sr/86Sr比值(0.707 5~0.711 0),低的εNd(t)值(-23.1~-15.0)和εHf(t)(-29.8~-18.3)。锆石具有低的εHf(t)值(-31.0~17.8)和变化的δ18O值(4.4‰~6.8‰)。这些元素和同位素特征表明,北淮阳碰撞后安山质火山岩来源于富集的造山带岩石圈地幔。三叠纪华南陆块与华北陆块碰撞过程中,俯冲的华南陆壳在地幔深度发生部分熔融产生的长英质熔体在大陆俯冲隧道内交代上覆华北岩石圈地幔楔橄榄岩,熔体-橄榄岩反应形成了富沃富集的地幔交代体。该地幔交代体在早白垩世发生部分熔融就形成了北淮阳碰撞后安山质火山岩。因此,大陆俯冲隧道内的板片-地幔相互作用是形成碰撞造山带安山质岩石的关键过程。 相似文献
4.
大陆弧安山岩的形成是大洋板片向大陆边缘之下俯冲的结果,但是在具体形成机制上存在很大争议.针对这个问题,对长江中下游地区中生代安山质火山岩及其伴生的玄武质和英安质火山岩进行了系统的岩石地球化学研究,结果对大陆弧安山质火成岩的成因提出了新的机制.分析表明,这些岩石形成于早白垩世,它们不仅表现出典型的岛弧型微量元素分布特征,而且具有高度富集的Sr-Nd-Hf同位素和高的放射成因Pb以及高的氧同位素组成.通过全岩和矿物地球化学成分变化检查发现,地壳混染和岩浆混合作用对其成分的富集特征贡献有限,而其岩浆源区含有丰富的俯冲地壳衍生物质才是其成分富集的根本原因.虽然这些火山岩的喷发年龄为中生代,但是其岩浆源区形成于新元古代早期的华夏洋壳俯冲对扬子克拉通边缘之下地幔楔的交代作用.大陆弧安山岩地幔源区中含有大量俯冲洋壳沉积物部分熔融产生的含水熔体,显著区别于大洋弧玄武岩的地幔源区,其中只含有少量俯冲洋壳来源的富水溶液和含水熔体.正是这些含水熔体交代上覆地幔楔橄榄岩,形成了不同程度富集的超镁铁质-镁铁质地幔源区.在早白垩纪时期,古太平洋俯冲过程的远弧后拉张导致中国东部岩石圈发生部分熔融,其中超镁铁质地幔源区熔融形成玄武质火山岩,镁铁质地幔源区则熔融形成安山质火山岩.因此,大陆弧安山岩成因与大洋弧玄武岩一样,可分为源区形成和源区熔融两个阶段,其中第一阶段对应于俯冲带壳幔相互作用. 相似文献
5.
准噶尔古大洋作为古亚洲洋北部的重要分支及阶段性演化产物,其洋盆的俯冲、闭合时限以及盆地基底属性一直存在分歧。本文选取准噶尔盆地东北缘(乌伦古地区)石炭系火山岩来说明其岩浆来源及成因机制,通过主微量元素、Sr-Nd同位素分析结果,进一步阐明准噶尔洋盆在晚古生代的闭合时限。本次研究包括玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩三类火山岩,岩体显示低TiO2(0.60%~0.84%)、较高的全碱K2O+Na2O含量(1.18%~8.59%),玄武岩为岛弧拉斑系列,安山岩类的钙碱元素含量高,具有火山弧火山岩特征。中-低87Sr/86Sr(i)(0.703 250~0.704 559)、相对亏损的Nd同位素(+4.8~+6.8)以及tDM2(483~625 Ma)值表明玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩同为亏损地幔熔融岩浆分异结晶的产物,安山岩为地幔熔融岩浆后期分离结晶形成;微量元素与同位素地球化学示踪暗示玄武岩、玄武质安山岩和安山岩含有洋壳俯冲过程的脱水流体交代上覆地幔楔的消减组分,安山岩在深部岩浆房经历了壳-幔混合作用,受地壳成分的混染程度更大。大离子亲石元素(LILE)Ba、Sr和轻稀土元素、不相容元素(Th、U、K)相对富集,高场强元素(HFSE)Nb、Ta相对亏损,以及Pb、Zr、Hf的富集,说明该区属于与俯冲消减带相关的构造背景;结合本套火山岩高Ba/La(30.14~208.86)值、低TiO2(0.60%~0.84%)值,以及Ce/Nb比(8.71~12.05)、Th/Nb比(0.93~1.74)等,表明准噶尔洋盆于石炭纪沿着大陆板块下部持续俯冲,洋壳板片的俯冲脱水流体交代地幔楔后增生岛弧。该套中-基性火山岩建造佐证了准噶尔洋盆闭合时限为晚石炭世(ca. 305.5±4.4 Ma),结合区域地质资料分析,提出与俯冲带有关的岩浆通过岛弧拼贴增生到大陆地壳上,进一步为准噶尔盆地基底的岛弧拼贴成因提供了新依据。 相似文献
6.
选取塔里木东北部的笔架山二叠纪火山岩带为研究对象,通过年代学、岩石学和地球化学等研究,论证火山岩的亲缘关系以及火山岩与侵入岩的关系,探讨岩浆演化过程与源区性质。笔架山一带二叠纪火山岩分布于笔架山镁铁质-超镁铁质岩带北侧。火山岩的岩石类型主要有玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、安山岩、英安岩和流纹岩。流纹岩的LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为(285.0±2.9)Ma,属二叠纪乌拉尔世。该火山岩多属拉斑玄武岩系列。玄武岩、玄武质安山岩、安山岩的岩石学及地球化学特征表明,它们都是由拉斑玄武质岩浆通过分离结晶作用演化而成,玄武岩岩浆在上升过程中经历了一定程度的同化混染作用。玄武岩的w(TiO2)(2.35%~3.81%)、w(TFeO)(10.59%~13.87%)、w(P2O5)(0.35%~0.50%)高,属于高钛玄武岩系列,富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,Nd-Sr同位素组成具有OIB亲和性,地球化学特征显示出玄武岩的岩浆源区属尖晶石稳定域。笔架山二叠纪侵入岩和火山岩的时空关系、岩石地球化学特征和岩浆演化程度的研究表明:二者是同源岩浆分异的产物,岩浆进入现存岩浆房后,大量的堆晶相形成了镁铁-超镁铁质侵入岩,而演化的岩浆沿岩浆房顶部或旁侧的断层带溢出而形成基性-中性火山岩;酸性火山岩是由幔源岩浆的热量引起地壳重熔形成的。 相似文献
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阿吾拉勒成矿带位于新疆西天山伊犁地块东北缘,是一条极其重要的铁、铜、金多金属成矿带。松湖铁矿床位于该成矿带西段,矿区出露的地层主要为一套钙碱性系列的火山岩,岩石类型有安山岩、安山质火山碎屑、少量英安岩、流纹岩及等质的火山碎屑岩。铁矿体赋存于安山岩及安山质火山碎屑岩中。安山岩中锆石U-Pb谐和年龄为(343.2±2)Ma,属早石炭世维宪期。该组火山岩具有相似的稀土元素及微量元素地球化学特征,暗示它们应为同源岩浆演化的产物。其微量元素组成具有富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Th、K等)和轻稀土元素、亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta和Ti)的特点,显示活动大陆边缘火山岩特征。矿区安山岩的Nd同位素组成具有亏损型特征(εNd(t)=+2.09~+3.39,平均值为+2.59),而Sr同位素组成为富集型((87Sr/86Sr)i=0.7056~0.7060),显示其岩浆源区应为莫霍面附近的岛弧型地壳根部。 相似文献
8.
新疆东准噶尔滴水泉一带早石炭世火山岩年龄
及地球化学特征 总被引：5，自引：1，他引：4
滴水泉一带早石炭世火山岩分布于卡拉麦里蛇绿岩带南侧、准噶尔盆地东缘。岩石类型有玄武岩、玄武安山岩、安山岩、安山质角砾熔岩。岩石系列为碱性系列和拉斑玄武岩系列,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄为（336.6±3.7）Ma~（338.3±5.2）Ma,时代为早石炭世。火山岩富集LILE和轻稀土元素（（La/Yb）N=3.3~8.5）,Nb、Ta略显亏损, Isr值在0.70354~0.70411之间,εNd(t)值为+4.9~+6.6,源区可能是受到俯冲板片脱水流体交代的大陆地幔楔。地球化学特征表明,火山岩形成于板内环境,为后碰撞岩浆活动的产物,暗示准噶尔盆地东缘地区后碰撞岩浆活动至少从早石炭世就已经开始。火山岩中捕获的老锆石指示,准噶尔盆地东部可能存在古老基底。 相似文献
9.
东天山觉罗塔格地区底坎儿组火山岩地球化学特征及构造环境探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
底坎儿组火山岩是东天山石炭纪火山岩的重要组成部分,其分布范围北至吐-哈盆地南缘,南至沙泉子断裂,其地球化学特征对于探讨觉罗塔格地区的构造环境演化具有重要的意义。本文对底坎儿组火山岩的主量、微量及Sr-Nd同位素进行了研究,以探讨岩石成因及其形成的构造环境。结果表明,底坎儿组火山岩为一套钙碱性的玄武岩-安山岩-流纹英安岩组合,为石榴石-尖晶石橄榄岩地幔部分熔融的产物。玄武岩经历了橄榄石和单斜辉石的结晶分异,安山岩和流纹英安岩则经历了斜长石和磁铁矿的结晶分异。火山岩相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素,亏损高场强元素,玄武岩的微量元素配分型式与弧玄武岩相似,而部分安山岩及流纹英安岩的微量元素配分型式与上地壳相似。底坎儿组火山岩的Nd同位素特征[εNd(t)=-0.14~5.69]及微量元素地球化学特征显示其具有中等亏损地幔源区特征,岩浆来自于俯冲流体交代的地幔,岩浆演化过程遭受了有限的地壳混染。基性火山岩微量元素配分型式及构造环境图解表明其可能形成于弧后盆地环境。 相似文献
10.
内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代弧岩浆岩:年代学及地球化学证据 总被引：13，自引：8，他引：5
在内蒙古牙克石地区晚古生代岩浆岩中发现了岛弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩。火山岩由玄武岩、安山岩、英安岩及凝灰岩组成,属于钙碱性系列,它们富集大离子亲石元素(LILE)、轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)。玄武岩的SHPIMP锆石U-Pb年龄表明其形成于373.2±5.3Ma。锆石εHf(t)值为+14.67～+18.67,类似大洋中脊玄武岩(MORB)和现代俯冲带玄武岩的Hf同位素特征。上述特征说明,玄武岩很可能起源于受俯冲板片流体改造的亏损地幔楔,形成于活动大陆边缘。花岗闪长岩的结晶年龄为331.2±3.7Ma。岩石高SiO2、Sr,高Sr/Y比值,富集轻稀土元素,亏损重稀土元素和Y及高场强元素,铕异常基本不明显,具备埃达克岩的地球化学特征。锆石εHf(t)值较高(+12.78～+14.54),说明源区可能为亏损地幔或新生的玄武质下地壳。根据微量元素组成认为花岗闪长岩主要起源于晚古生代底侵的岛弧玄武-安山质下地壳。弧火山岩和埃达克质花岗闪长岩的发现表明,区内晚泥盆世-早石炭世发生过大洋板片的俯冲作用,可能与额尔古纳-兴安地块与松嫩地块的碰撞拼合密切相关。 相似文献
11.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
12.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
13.
S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
14.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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17.
《Chemical Geology》2007,236(1-2):13-26
We examined the coprecipitation behavior of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides under two different fluoride forming conditions: at < 70 °C in an ultrasonic bath (denoted as the ultrasonic method) and at 245 °C using a Teflon bomb (denoted as the bomb method). In the ultrasonic method, small amounts of Ti, Mo and Sn coprecipitation were observed with 100% Ca and 100% Mg fluorides. No coprecipitation of Ti, Mo, Sn and Sb in Ca–Al–Mg fluorides occurred when the sample was decomposed by the bomb method except for 100% Ca fluoride. Based on our coprecipitation observations, we have developed a simultaneous determination method for B, Ti, Zr, Nb, Mo, Sn, Sb, Hf and Ta by Q-pole type ICP-MS (ICP-QMS) and sector field type ICP-MS (ICP-SFMS). 9–50 mg of samples with Zr–Mo–Sn–Sb–Hf spikes were decomposed by HF using the bomb method and the ultrasonic method with B spike. The sample was then evaporated and re-dissolved into 0.5 mol l− 1 HF, followed by the removal of fluorides by centrifuging. B, Zr, Mo, Sn, Sb and Hf were measured by ID method. Nb and Ta were measured by the ID-internal standardization method, based on Nb/Mo and Ta/Mo ratios using ICP-QMS, for which pseudo-FI was developed and applied. When 100% recovery yields of Zr and Hf are expected, Nb/Zr and Ta/Hf ratios may also be used. Ti was determined by the ID-internal standardization method, based on the Ti/Nb ratio from ICP-SFMS. Only 0.053 ml sample solution was required for measurement of all 9 elements. Dilution factors of ≤ 340 were aspirated without matrix effects. To demonstrate the applicability of our method, 4 carbonaceous chondrites (Ivuna, Orgueil, Cold Bokkeveld and Allende) as well as GSJ and USGS silicate reference materials of basalts, andesites and peridotites were analyzed. Our analytical results are consistent with previous studies, and the mean reproducibility of each element is 1.0–4.6% for basalts and andesites, and 6.7–11% for peridotites except for TiO2. 相似文献
18.
S. M. Moosavirad J. Rasouli M. R. Janardhana M. R. Moghadam M. Shankara 《Arabian Journal of Geosciences》2013,6(10):3623-3634
This paper discusses the result of the detailed investigations carried out on the coal characteristics, including coal petrography and its geochemistry of the Pabedana region. A total of 16 samples were collected from four coal seams d2, d4, d5, and d6 of the Pabedana underground mine which is located in the central part of the Central-East Iranian Microcontinent. These samples were reduced to four samples through composite sampling of each seam and were analyzed for their petrographic, mineralogical, and geochemical compositions. Proximate analysis data of the Pabedana coals indicate no major variations in the moisture, ash, volatile matter, and fixed carbon contents in the coals of different seams. Based on sulfur content, the Pabedana coals may be classified as low-sulfur coals. The low-sulfur contents in the Pabedana coal and relatively low proportion of pyritic sulfur suggest a possible fresh water environment during the deposition of the peat of the Pabedana coal. X-ray diffraction and petrographic analyses indicate the presence of pyrite in coal samples. The Pabedana coals have been classified as a high volatile, bituminous coal in accordance with the vitrinite reflectance values (58.75–74.32 %) and other rank parameters (carbon, calorific value, and volatile matter content). The maceral analysis and reflectance study suggest that the coals in all the four seams are of good quality with low maceral matter association. Mineralogical investigations indicate that the inorganic fraction in the Pabedana coal samples is dominated by carbonates; thus, constituting the major inorganic fraction of the coal samples. Illite, kaolinite, muscovite, quartz, feldspar, apatite, and hematite occur as minor or trace phases. The variation in major elements content is relatively narrow between different coal seams. Elements Sc,, Zr, Ga, Ge, La, As, W, Ce, Sb, Nb, Th, Pb, Se, Tl, Bi, Hg, Re, Li, Zn, Mo, and Ba show varying negative correlation with ash yield. These elements possibly have an organic affinity and may be present as primary biological concentrations either with tissues in living condition and/or through sorption and formation of organometallic compounds. 相似文献
19.
Most sulfide-rich magmatic Ni-Cu-(PGE) deposits form in dynamic magmatic systems by partial melting S-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren to weakly-mineralized immiscible Fe sulfide xenomelts into which Ni-Cu-Co-PGE partition from the magma. Some exceptionally-thick magmatic Cr deposits may form by partial melting oxide-bearing wall rocks with variable degrees of assimilation of the miscible silicate and volatile components, and generation of barren Fe ± Ti oxide xenocrysts into which Cr-Mg-V ± Ti partition from the magma. The products of these processes are variably preserved as skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles, which play important to critical roles in ore genesis, transport, localization, and/or modification. Incorporation of barren xenoliths/autoliths may induce small amounts of sulfide/chromite to segregate, but incorporation of sulfide xenomelts or oxide xenocrysts with dynamic upgrading of metal tenors (PGE > Cu > Ni > Co and Cr > V > Ti, respectively) is required to make significant ore deposits. Silicate xenomelts are only rarely preserved, but will be variably depleted in chalcophile and ferrous metals. Less dense felsic xenoliths may aid upward sulfide transport by increasing the effective viscosity and decreasing the bulk density of the magma. Denser mafic or metamorphosed xenoliths may also increase the effective viscosity of the magma, but may aid downward sulfide transport by increasing the bulk density of the magma. Sulfide wets olivine, so olivine xenocrysts may act as filter beds to collect advected finely dispersed sulfide droplets, but other silicates and xenoliths may not be wetted by sulfides. Xenovolatiles may retard settling of – or in some cases float – dense sulfide droplets. Reactions of sulfide melts with felsic country rocks may generate Fe-rich skarns that may allow sulfide melts to fractionate to more extreme Cu-Ni-rich compositions. Xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and xenovolatiles are more likely to be preserved in cooler basaltic magmas than in hotter komatiitic magmas, and are more likely to be preserved in less dynamic (less turbulent) systems/domain/phases than in more dynamic (more turbulent) systems/domains/phases. Massive to semi-massive Ni-Cu-PGE and Cr mineralization and xenoliths are often localized within footwall embayments, dilations/jogs in dikes, throats of magma conduits, and the horizontal segments of dike-chonolith and dike-sill complexes, which represent fluid dynamic traps for both ascending and descending sulfides/oxides. If skarns, residues, xenoliths, xenocrysts, xenomelts, and/or xenovolatiles are present, they provide important constraints on ore genesis and they are valuable exploration indicators, but they must be included in elemental and isotopic mass balance calculations. 相似文献