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1.
辽西北票地区义县组地层层序与化石层位 总被引：14，自引：2，他引：12
辽西北票地区义县组是一套中生代火山-沉积地层.义县组火山活动具有明显的旋回性特征,主要由下部基性-中基性火山喷发-沉积旋回和上部酸性、偏碱性火山活动旋回组成.具体可划分6个岩性段,自下而上分别为底砾岩段,基性、中基性火山岩段,湖相沉积岩段,酸性、偏碱性火山岩段,上部基性火山岩段和顶部砾岩段.义县组底砾岩段和基性、中基性火山岩段的沉凝灰岩中产有丰富的以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石.湖相沉积岩段含有大量热河生物群化石,包括著名的中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石,该层位记录了侏罗-白垩纪界限附近重大的生物演化事件. 相似文献
2.
义县组研究的新认识 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
辽西地区义县组是一套中生代陆相火山-沉积岩系,主要由中-基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩及湖泊相(包含少量的河流相)沉积岩构成。依据火山活动的规律性,将义县组划分为4个岩性段,自下而上为：底砾岩 基性-中基性火山岩段;湖相沉积(或称珍稀化石层)岩 中性、酸性火山岩段;基性、中基性-酸性、偏碱性火山岩段和砾岩(包括沉火山角砾岩) 中酸性、偏碱性火山岩段。义县组中包含6个化石层位,其中义县组一段的底砾岩和基性、中基性火山岩的(沉)凝灰岩中产有丰富的以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石;二段的湖相沉积岩中含有大量热河生物群化石,包括著名的中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石,是义县组的最主要化石产出层位,且湖相化石层基本上为同一时期的产物。根据化石研究和同位素测定结果,将义县组的时代定为早白垩世。 相似文献
3.
北票—义县地区义县组岩石地层特征 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
北票-义县地区的义县组地层是一套火山-沉积地层,其中火山岩地层占80%以上,具有四个火山作用亚旋回,第一亚旋回以基性-偏碱的基性-中基性火山作用为特征,第二亚旋回以中基性-酸性的火山作用为特征,第三亚旋回以基性-中性火山作用为特征,第四亚旋回以中酸性火山作用为特征;义县组火山-沉积地层包含至少7个沉积夹层,可以进一步归纳为四套沉积层,即底砾岩层、下部火山岩中的沉积夹层、中部湖相沉积层和上部河湖相沉积层,沉积层中生物化石主要集中在3个主要层位.综合火山岩的旋回性特征,岩石组合、岩石产出特征,不同岩石组合的上、下接触关系和岩石形成环境的分析结果,结合同位素年代学及生物地层学的研究成果,区内义县组被划分成了4个岩性段.同位素年龄数据显示义县组时代为早白垩世,其形成年龄介于135~120Ma之间,含中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石的湖相沉积层是在125~127Ma之间形成的. 相似文献
4.
辽宁北票地区义县组地层划分与对比 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
辽宁北票地区义县组是一套中生代陆相火山-沉积岩系,主要由中-基性火山熔岩、火山碎屑岩及陆相沉积岩构成.依据火山活动的规律性,将本区义县组划分为4个岩性段,自下而上分别为:一段:底砾岩、基性-中基性火山岩段;二段:湖相沉积(或称珍稀化石层)岩段;三段:基性火山岩段;四段:砾岩段.其中,义县组一段产丰富的以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石.二段产大量热河生物群化石,包括著名的中华龙鸟、孔子鸟和辽宁古果等珍稀化石,是义县组最重要的化石产出层位.从西向东,义县期火山活动具明显的由早到晚、由基性-中性-酸性(偏碱性)的演化特征. 相似文献
5.
北票-义县地区义县组珍稀化石层位对比及时代 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
北票-义县地区义县组以火山-沉积地层为主体,具有4个火山活动亚旋回,生物化石主要形成于第一、第二、第四亚旋回期间,构成了3个产出层位.以中华龙鸟、孔子鸟、辽宁古果为代表的珍稀化石组合产在义县组二段中,形成于125~127Ma期间.枕状熔岩、淬火岩等特殊岩石的出现和高频层序地层研究表明,北票、义县地区的含珍稀化石沉积层(义县组二段)都处于相对较深的湖盆沉积环境,表现为湖扩展体系域沉积,两地含珍稀化石沉积地层层位基本相当.义县组形成于135~120Ma期间,属于早白垩世.多方面证据表明侏罗系-白垩系界限应当置于义县组底界. 相似文献
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四合屯-义县地区义县组火山活动的旋回性特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：3
在岩石学特征分析的基础上,结合本区广为发育的火山间歇期沉凝灰岩、凝灰质粉砂岩以及其中的古生物化石特征等,作者将四合屯-义县地区义县组火山活动分为早、中、晚3个火山活动旋回,即早期以玄武岩、玄武安山质火山岩类为主的基性、中基性旋回;中期以流纹质及英安质火山岩类为主的中酸性旋回;晚期以玄武岩为主的基性旋回.义县组火山活动早期的基性、中基性旋回还可进一步分为4个亚旋回,在其中的沉凝灰岩中发育有以鹦鹉嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物化石.各旋回或亚旋回的底部不同程度地发育有爆发-沉积相的沉凝灰岩或内陆湖泊相沉积岩.包括珍稀动植物在内的热河生物群化石则产于义县组火山活动中期的沉凝灰岩以及钙质页岩之中. 相似文献
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四合屯—大康保地区义县组火山—沉积岩地质特征 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
四合屯－大康堡地区所出露的义县组火山－沉积岩可分为上、中、下3个层位。下部层位是以玄武质、玄武安山岩质以及安山质火山岩类为主的基性、中基性火山－沉积岩;中部是以流纹质及英安质火山岩为主的中酸性火山－沉积岩;而义县组的上部层位是以玄武岩、玄武玢岩为代表的基性火山岩。薄层状的沉凝灰岩、凝灰质粉砂岩及钙质页岩等作为火山活动间歇期的产物,常不同程度地发育于义县组火山溶岩或集块岩的底部。野外工作发现：在义县组下部层位的沉凝灰岩层中发育有以鹦嘴龙为主的古脊椎动物类化石;四合屯－大康堡一带富含有热河生物群化石的沉积层属义县组火山－沉积岩系的中部层位。稀土元素分析表明,在相同层位的火山－沉积岩岩,沉凝灰岩,凝灰质粉砂岩和钙质页岩及其与火山熔岩存在密切的相关性;而不同层位间则存在一定的差异性。稀土元素配分特征不反映出,不同的义县组火山－沉积岩内、凝灰质粉砂岩和钙质页岩及其与火山溶岩存在密切的相关性;而不同层位间则存在一定的差异性。稀土元素分特征还反映出,不同的义县组火山－沉积岩层位之间具有相似的物源关系。 相似文献
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辽西义县组基性、中基性火山岩内沉凝灰岩层的发现及其意义 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
义县组岩性以基性、中基性火山岩、火山碎屑岩为主，局部发育有富含“热河生物群”化石的沉积层。在这些沉积层之下、义县组复成分底岩之上，发现有4个沉凝灰岩层，与基性、中基性火山岩呈互层状产出，其岩性以沉凝灰岩或含砾凝灰质粉砂岩为主。这些凝灰岩层厚度虽小，但分布较广泛，走向延伸稳定。根据辽西地区中生代火山岩活动的基本规律，沉凝灰岩层与基性、中基性火山岩的空间展布特征及野外地质综合研究将义县组早期火山活动划分出5个火山作用旋回，并确认四合屯、黄半吉沟、尖山沟、以及上园、大康堡、河夹心等地富含“热河生物群”化石的沉积层均属于同一火山旋回（第五旋回）的产物。这一发现极大地丰富了辽西地区中生代陆相盆地火山－沉积作用的研究内容，并将促进火山活动与生物灭绝事件方面的研究工作。 相似文献
9.
研究区中、新生代火山喷发作用频繁,火山岩分布广泛,火山、沉积地层命名不一,层位及其与主要含煤地层的关系存在争议。通过对区内义县组、吐呼噜组、冮台山组、榆树沟组、大兴庄组和大凌河组等火山岩的野外调查研究和采样,用SHRIMP法进行了U-Pb同位素年龄测定,得出仅1块样品年代属古近纪,其他10块样品的U-Pb同位素年龄都在115.5～132Ma,且大多数集中在125～127Ma,时代应属早白垩世中期。早白垩世火山-沉积岩系按岩性、岩相和层序自下而上可分为4个喷发-沉积旋回:义县组-金刚山组旋回、吐呼噜组-九佛堂组旋回、榆树沟组(冮台山组)旋回和沙海组-阜新组旋回。义县组总体为裂隙式喷发的玄武安山岩、粗安岩和粗面岩夹湖相沉积岩,吐呼噜组为中心式喷发的英安岩,冮台山组为裂隙式玄武安山质潜火山岩,金刚山组和九佛堂组是火山喷发间歇期的湖相沉积,沙海组、阜新组是火山活动期后的含煤沉积。研究区东部彰武—黑山一带广泛分布的大兴庄组火山岩与阜新盆地南部义县县城附近义县组火山岩的年龄相当,都比主要含煤地层八道壕组(沙海组)的时代要老,而所谓覆盖在含煤地层之上的晚白垩世大凌河组火山岩实际是早白垩世火山岩,时代比含煤地层更老,据此否定了火山岩覆盖之下寻找早白垩世煤的希望。 相似文献
10.
辽宁义县—北票地区义县组地层层序——义县阶标准地层剖面建立和研究之一 总被引：30，自引：1，他引：30
义县地区广义的义县组可解体为王家屯组 (暂命名 )和义县组 ;分属王家屯和义县火山旋回 ,前者为偏酸、偏碱性 ,后者主体为中基性、末期为中酸性火山岩系 ,并广泛发育潜火山岩相的玄武玢岩、安山玢岩和火山集块角砾熔岩筒。该区有七个主要沉积层 ,自下而上分别为王家屯组马神庙层、义县组老公沟层、业南沟层、砖城子层、大康堡层、朱家沟层和金刚山层 ;产有较丰富的无脊椎动物、脊椎动物和植物化石。以砖城子层、大康堡层和金刚山层为界 ,义县火山旋回可划分为 4个亚旋回 ,分别代表火山活动的初始期、主期、晚期和末期。北票四合屯地区的义县组相当义县地区义县组的第一和第二亚旋回 ,含鸟类化石的主沉积层 (尖山沟层和上园层 )可与砖城子层对比 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献