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西藏洞中拉铅锌矿床成因探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
洞中拉铅锌矿床是冈底斯中东段念青唐古拉中生代岛链隆起带,及色日绒-巴嘎弧内裂谷带中重要矿床.初步总结了矿床形成机制,认为矿化得益于多期多阶段岩浆活动,晚燕山早期中酸性岩体上侵贯入与碳酸盐岩接触交代形成早期矽卡岩.经多次构造改造,矿区岩浆岩、地层发生大规模构造变形,形成近SE向的"M"型同斜倒转褶皱.后期热液沿褶皱轴面劈理贯入,在裂隙及转折端虚脱部位富集成矿,矿区碳质板岩起到很好屏蔽效应.洞中拉矿床为典型矽卡岩型铅锌矿床,提出新的成矿模式,认为矿区找矿重点在矿区中东段. 相似文献
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华南大陆中生代以来受华北板块、西南缘特提斯洋以及东部古太平洋板块会聚作用形成了多序次的构造变形及多期岩浆与成矿事件, 并造就了多个重要的多金属成矿区带。文章在梳理成矿区带典型矽卡岩型矿床矿化期次、矿体分布及成矿机理等关键科学问题的基础上, 利用构造变形序次及其控岩控矿的规律性完善了典型矿床成矿过程及成因机理。通过对闽西南铁多金属成矿带、赣东北塔前-赋春钨铜多金属成矿带以及滇东南老君山钨锡矿集区开展构造变形解析, 结合已有研究成果, 厘定出相对完整的印支期、中晚侏罗世及白垩纪3期变形序列, 但其作用时限、构造性质、规模强度及变形样式却表现不一。通过构造控岩分析并结合已有同位素年代学得出, 不同成矿区带都存在与变形序列相一致的岩浆或变质热事件, 进而利用变形序列与岩浆期次对应规律明确了与马坑式铁多金属矿床、朱溪钨铜矿床以及南秧田钨矿床相关的多期岩浆活动。在此基础上识别出多阶段矿化事件并提出3个典型矿床都存在多期叠加复合成矿的认识。从构造对矿床就位机制控制的角度分析了马坑式矿床分散多变矿体、朱溪矿床垂向大跨度矿化及深部巨型矿体、南秧田矿床层-脉叠加矿体分别受赋矿地层褶皱拆离、大规模双重逆冲以及2期构造变形复合控制的机理。文章最后探讨了不同阶段华南重要成矿区带构造变形及岩浆成矿的动力学背景。 相似文献
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河北承德大庙铁矿床地质构造特征与找矿预测 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
大庙斜长岩杂岩体位于华北克拉通北缘,是我国唯一岩体型斜长岩杂岩体,赋存了丰富的Fe-Ti-P矿床.对该杂岩体的岩石学、矿床成因研究已经较为深入,但是矿田构造研究较为薄弱.本文主要从大庙矿床地质特征分析入手,通过控矿构造分析和成矿期构造应力场的恢复,结合成矿特征分析,建立大庙矿床找矿预测模型,开展找矿预测.在大庙杂岩体内,先后找到了大庙、黑山、马营和罗锅子沟等中—大型矿床,它们都具有典型的岩浆矿床特征,具有岩浆熔离、分异和贯入式成矿特征;系统的野外地质调查和翔实的构造解析表明,大庙杂岩体的侵位受控于EW向隆化-平泉和大庙-红石砬子的断裂构造,杂岩体内NE和NW向两组断裂构造控制了杂岩体内铁-铁磷矿带的发育,NS向断裂则主要为成矿后构造,往往错断了铁矿体.在黑山矿区,野外观测发现含矿苏长岩利用了固结斜长岩中发育的节理,呈脉状贯入,在节理交汇部位铁矿体变大变富;通过节理和矿脉走向的详细测量和吴氏网统计分析,推测大庙矿区成矿期含矿苏长岩的侵位受控于区域上近似NS向的挤压应力作用.根据大庙杂岩体的岩浆侵位时代、岩相-矿体的接触关系、控矿构造和成矿特征,复原了大庙杂岩体的成矿-构造演化过程:最早期区域构造活动控制了斜长岩的侵位,没有发生矿化;苏长岩的侵位,伴随发生了早期的结晶分凝式矿化;块状苏长岩的侵位导致了晚期的熔离-贯入式矿化的形成;成矿期后,大庙杂岩体还经历了多期次的构造变动、抬升和剥蚀.在此基础上,建立了大庙铁矿床的找矿预测模型,并系统分析了大庙矿田不同矿区的深部和外围的找矿潜力,认为黑山和大庙矿区的深部、黑山矿区东侧和北侧、大庙杂岩体的东部边缘可能被中生界覆盖的区域等地段都具有很好的找矿空间,大庙矿区铁矿资源潜力巨大. 相似文献
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本文通过对西藏自治区工布江达县沙让矿区钼矿地质背景、地质特征、矿床成因分析,认为钼矿成矿控制因素有岩浆活动、构造作用及硅质热液变质作用。矿区岩浆岩多期次侵入有利于成矿,严格控制了钼矿床的形态、产状、规模等;区域断裂构造及次级断裂、裂隙构造为成矿热液提供了运移通道和容矿场所,含矿热液充填于断裂及裂隙中有利于富集成矿。 相似文献
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沙柳河矿区位于柴达木盆地东南缘阿尔茨托山南东段阿尔茨托山复式向斜南翼。为研究沙柳河矿区铅锌多金属矿床成因类型,分析了矿区地质背景、矿床(体)特征、岩(矿)石化学成分及含量,研究认为矿区是以铅锌为主的多金属矿床,矿体主要产于金水口岩群地层,沿一定的地层层位分布,具多期多阶段成矿特征。矿床的形成和演化经历了火山喷溢沉积作用成矿期、岩浆期后成矿作用期和表生作用期三个阶段,矿床成因受地层、岩浆岩、构造关系密切,矿床类型初步定为变质岩中矽卡岩型铅、锌多金属矿床。 相似文献
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湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床褶皱构造及其控矿规律与动力成矿作用 总被引：4，自引：2，他引：4
湘西沃溪金锑钨矿床为一著名的大型综合矿床。本文介绍了矿区地质概况,较详细地研究了区内褶皱构造的发育特征;厘定了仙鹅抱蛋箱状倾伏背斜的存在,并将矿区内的褶皱构造划分为四级,认为不同级别的褶皱在不同期次的构造活动中存在着叠加行为;指出褶皱构造对该矿床具有多期、多级、等距、定位的控制作用,探讨了褶皱构造动力成矿的基本原理,并以此原理为指导,分析了该矿床的成矿机制,认为各期各级褶皱构造的脉动式叠加复合,使其褶皱构造动力成矿作用得到了强化,并最终形成了该矿床及其空间展布格局。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献