共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 46 毫秒
1.
刘传正 《中国地质灾害与防治学报》2018,29(6):1-7
应急演练是建设灾害风险适应性强的社会和有准备的防灾减灾文化的重要途径。一般地, 应急演练是按照综合预案或专门预案编制脚本开展的。应急演练的目的是检查应急预案是否具有科学性、实用性、全面性和可操作性, 检验提升应急机构、人员协同应对能力和装备、物质、勤务等的保障能力。作者陈述了模拟、实战、综合、专项等演练类型及其组合应用。结合地质灾害防治需要, 讨论了不同层面应急演练的目的要求, 包括综合演练、公共管理、城乡社区、工程企业和技术支持等。从管理决策科学技术支持的角度, 提出了地质灾害调查评估、监测预警和应急处置等方面应急演练的基本要求。 相似文献
2.
通过对支援柬埔寨、几内亚桩基工程的施工实践,总结出在境外工程项目的管理中,要制定相应的管理制度与突发事件的应急预案,在施工过程中要注意政局变化,加强卫生疾病的防治,进行必要的物质储备和规避风险等注意事项及解决方法．对地勘单位拓展海外市场提出了建设性意见,具有一定的借鉴意义。 相似文献
3.
从区域安全建设到风险管理体系的形成--从第一届世界风险大会看灾害与风险研究的现状与发展趋向 总被引：20，自引：3，他引：17
综述了第一届世界风险大会关于灾害与风险科学研究的进展,分析了其发展趋势,并对我国加强这一领域的研究提出了对策。灾害与风险研究的目标正在趋向一致,都集中在为可持续发展模式提供科学依据;基于灾害研究的区域安全建设正在向基于风险研究的区域风险管理体系转变,由此认为可持续发展模式就是接受一定风险水平条件下的区域发展模式,一定风险水平依赖于由区域经济水平与社会文化体系相关联的区域安全建设水平;加强我国灾害与风险科学研究的学科建设、国家实验室建设、重大项目的组织与实施已势在必行;重点开展灾害脆弱性评价体系与评价模型、风险评价体系与风险评价模型、典型区域灾害与风险管理范式、灾害与风险应急控制预案（情景分析）、灾害与风险区划等方面的研究。为此把灾害科学和风险科学,与全球变化科学和可持续发展科学统一纳入到地球系统科学体系之中,以加强与完善我国在这些领域的综合多学科交叉研究能力。 相似文献
4.
《地下水》2017,(6)
柯坪县位于塔里木盆地西北缘,柯尔塔格山南麓,是阿克苏地区最西端的一个县。受北部、西部天山屏障的阻隔,气候具有明显的差异,暴雨年际变化大,且季节分配不均,历史山洪灾害频发。通过对该县山洪类型、形成原因、危害类型、治理措施及存在问题进行论述,认为柯坪县山洪灾害主要是山前暴雨洪水,突发性、随机性很强,危害性较大,应采取修建防洪护岸、植树造林等工程性措施和建设预测预报自动监测系统和应急抢险预案等非工程性措施加大对山洪灾害的防御和治理力度,同时针对防洪工程简陋、抗洪能力差、防御标准低、防洪险工段点多、线长、面广,农民负担沉重主流摆动、河岸冲刷严重治理难度较大等问题,争取治理工程项目建设,建设监测预警系统和群测群防体系,为柯坪县防灾减灾提供基础支撑。 相似文献
5.
工程项目风险贯穿于整个项目的全寿命周期,即从项目的可行性研究直至验收终结。分析工程项目的运行规律,可知工程项目存在的风险具有客观性与普遍性、不确定性、可变性、可预测性、潜在性、阶段性、行为相关性、结果双重性及全面性等特征。管控工程项目风险就是项目所涉当事人,特别是项目班子在正确认识风险归属的基础上,利用各种风险识别方法及风险分析方法,对工程项目进行风险识别、风险评估,有重点的对风险依存时间、规模及项目进程进行管理,并在工程项目的实施中,积极采取减轻、预防、转移、规避、自留与后备等措施,对项目所涉风险进行有效控制,尽力减少和规避工程项目风险带来的损失,扩大风险事件的有利结果,以达到可靠实现项目总目标的目的。 相似文献
6.
《四川地质学报》2014,(Z2)
地质灾害治理工程项目区别于其它工程项目,存在"高风险、低效率、多事故"的特点,它的施工作业面往往处于灾害已发生的地质不稳定区域,大型机械化设备很难进场,同时受地质不稳定因素影响,作业区域在暴雨、暴晒等自然因素干扰下极易产生二次灾害,对我们现场作业人员的生命财产安全造成很大的威胁。因此,地质灾害治理工程的项目管理也应区别于普通的工程项目管理,要在施工过程中实现安全、工期、质量、费用等管理目标,必须建立一套基于现代项目管理理论的管理体系,选用素质全面的项目经理,组建精干高效的项目组织机构,实行科学有效的项目管理制度,才能确保地质灾害治理工程项目安全、快速、优质的完成。 相似文献
7.
近年来,特大城市极端暴雨内涝和流域洪水叠加导致的洪涝灾害风险呈增加趋势,造成了重大人员伤亡和财产损失,亟待开展流域洪水和城市内涝灾害链联防联控研究。融合气象科学、水文科学、信息科学、防灾减灾科学等多学科理论与方法,重点解决城市外洪内涝组合致灾机理与灾害链风险传递规律关键科学问题;突破流域-城市一体化协同监测与早期风险感知技术、城市外洪内涝链生灾害智能预警与定向发布技术、跨尺度洪涝耦合模拟与联合防控场景推演技术、城市洪涝联防联控应急预案编制与智能化决策技术等4项关键技术。构建以空天地气象水文协同观测、社会经济多源信息汇聚分析、灾害动力模型推演为基础的联防联控应急指挥决策业务系统,突出实时性、动态化、精准性和智能化,支撑特大城市外洪内涝全过程预报、预警、预演、预案“四预”业务实践。 相似文献
8.
9.
临潼是著名的旅游城市,也是山洪灾害的防治区。通过气象、地质地貌、人类活动及水利工程标准几个因素对临潼城区山洪灾害成因的分析,归纳了山洪灾害的类型。摸清山洪灾害防御现状和存在的问题,研究临潼城区山洪灾害的防御措施。包括：宣传培训、实地演练、制定预案、完善监测预警、通信建设、风险分担机制、政策法规建设、工程措施、工程建设和防灾设施日常管理。通过防御措施分析,规避和减少区域山洪灾害损失。 相似文献
10.
公路突发地质灾害应急机制是保障人民生命财产安全和降低灾害破坏程度的有效手段,为了科学、合理地构建公路突发地质灾害应急机制,运用系统工程理论,采用结构解释模型(ISM)方法确认并分析了应急机制构成的主要要素及其相互影响关系,建立了多层递阶解释结构模型。应用该模型,对应急机制体系进行了分析,将相关要素进行了分级,并分析了要素之间的纵向和横向关系。构成公路突发地质灾害应急机制的8个要素被划分成5个层次。应急预案是应急机制构建的综合成果,对减灾和防止次生灾害的发生起着直接的作用;而应急预案能否发挥其应有的作用,还受到后勤保障和实施速度的影响;会商机制可以有效的保证后勤保障和实施速度;险情监测、安全隐患检查、灾害调查又为会商的顺利进行提供了大量的资料和数据;而信息机制又是这些要素的基础。要素间的相互关系被清晰的揭示,为公路应急机制体系的建设和完善提供了科学依据。 相似文献
11.
Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
12.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
13.
14.
Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
15.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
18.
摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献