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本文以黄土高原临夏盆地巴谢河流域的上正滑坡为例,采用14C同位素年代学方法,结合文献查阅和实地走访,建立了该滑坡的多期次滑动的年代学框架。研究显示,上正滑坡至少经历了3个期次的活动:约33 ka B.P.,5~7 ka B.P.和距今约160年。这一年龄框架与此滑坡的变形破坏特征和成因机理相结合,对认识滑坡的发展演化规律有着重要的意义。这一地区普遍存在的滑坡多期次的活动,能够对这一区域的地质构造和气候演化提供科学数据,对黄土-泥岩滑坡的成因机理和演化规律加深科学认识,并能对现今的地质灾害防治措施提供借鉴。? 相似文献
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青海玉树活动断裂带的多期古地震滑坡及其年龄 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
2010年青海玉树Ms 7.1级地震发生后,笔者在开展玉树灾区地震地质灾害调查中发现13处古地震滑坡遗迹。调查结果表明,玉树古地震滑坡主要集中分布在玉树活动断层两侧5km范围内,规模普遍较大,多具有多期活动特征,且与周围古地震相伴生,空间上体现出发震断层对其发育的控制作用。同时,古地震滑坡地形地貌、沉积特征、年代学特征等方面的证据表明,其常具有原地复发的特征。据古地震滑坡堆积体的AMS14C测年结果,认为目前发现的典型古地震滑坡主要发生在全新世中晚期,并集中分布在5个时期,与古地震探槽揭示的古地震事件期次及发生年代具有较好的对应关系。进一步对比古滑坡规模和分布范围,发现玉树断裂带在全新世中晚期发生2次规模较大的古地震滑坡事件,与地震探槽揭示的古地震特点相符。研究结果表明,群发性古地震滑坡是识别古地震事件的重要地貌标志,可从年代学上揭示古地震事件发生的具体时间,对于补充古地震事件资料和恢复古地震在时间与强度上的分布都具有重要意义。 相似文献
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据区域地质灾害调查,三峡库区发育有数以千计的滑坡.年代学研究表明,三峡地区的滑坡均发生于第四纪中更新世中后期,并具有明显的阶段性特征,滑坡的高发期大致为:(41~37)×104 aBP、(31~27)×104 aBP和(17~5)×104 aBP.滑坡发育与区域新构造抬升和河流地貌形成的地质过程相一致,且主要发生在第四纪的间冰期,表明滑坡与构造抬升、气候变暖、长江河道快速下切贯通发展具有一定的耦合关系.三峡地区尚未发现年龄超过54×104 aBP的滑坡,据此推测长江贯通三峡的时间可能在早更新世. 相似文献
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金属成矿省成矿年代学研究的新进展 总被引：5，自引：0，他引：5
以华北地台北缘金属成矿省地质历史演化为实例讨论近１０年国内外成矿年代学研究的若干新进展,内容涉及成矿年代学研究的金属成矿省等级体制成矿的年代学背景,代表性地区的金属矿床成矿年代演化,金属成矿省成矿事件的年代鉴证,成矿年代省和成矿代区的建立。文中重点提出,成矿年代学科,不同于矿床成矿年代和同位素测年技术。它是在一定的成矿区域内矿床成矿年代区域的和地质历史演化,做出成矿热事件和建立成矿年代省的年代鉴让 相似文献
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甘肃永靖黑方台地区灌溉诱发作用与黄土滑坡响应 总被引：3，自引：0，他引：3
黑方台地区自灌溉以来,诱发了大量的滑坡,但缺乏系统地对研究区的滑坡历史分析研究 在黑方台滑坡历史分析的基础上,研究灌溉引起的地下水位上升过程与滑坡的历史关系,对比分析不同时期的地下水位对滑坡稳定性、滑坡体积及后壁垮塌速度的影响.历史数据分析表明,灌溉引起的水位上升与滑坡发生的频率、体积存在明显的相关性,选取的典型滑坡稳定性计算结果显示滑坡具有多期逐级后退式特征,随着灌溉时间的增长,滑坡体积逐渐减小,但发生频率逐渐增大,基于DEM数据计算的滑坡变形也验证了计算结果.研究成果基本反演了灌溉引起的黄土滑坡历史过程,对黑方台滑坡的综合治理提供了数据支撑. 相似文献
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成矿年代学以成矿地质年代时间维为主线,应用地质构造、岩石、矿物、矿床和同位素地质等多学科综合技术方法,在维时空上研究成矿地质历史演化和规律。开展成矿年代学研究,不仅是运用的年代学测定方法,精确地确定一个具体太床的成矿年代,更重要的是要分析成矿的序列性,研究成矿与异常地质事件的耦合关系,进而研究各种不同构造尺度上的成矿演化规律。成矿年代学研究近年来取得了重要进展。 相似文献
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碎屑颗粒裂变径迹热年代学 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
碎屑颗粒热年代学是以同位素封闭温度理论（Dondson,1973）为依据，以沉积地层中年龄未发生重置的碎屑颗粒为研究对象，从而研究其沉积源区剥露特征及热淀化历史的一种年代学方法。最近20年来，随着测试技术的发展，碎屑颗粒热年代学方法被广泛应用到地质学研究中。在国内，碎屑颗粒热年代学的研究尚处于起步阶段。碎屑颗粒热年代学是否可以成功地应用于地质学研究呢？通过对临夏盆地详细地研究，获得了碎屑颗粒裂变径迹热年代学数据、传统的裂变径迹热年代学数据和生长地层的数据。碎屑颗粒热年代学数据表明，构造活动发生在约8Ma B P，这次构造活动使积石山开始隆升，使临夏盆地和循化盆地解体（郑德文等，2003）。来自积石山的传统的裂变径迹热年代学研究结果和临夏盆地、循化盆地的生长地层研究结果都表明临夏盆地西部的积石山于约8Ma B P开始隆升。这表明碎屑颗粒热年代学可以成功揭示构造活动的信息。 相似文献
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基于GIS技术,利用信息量模型开展区域滑坡灾害危险性预测研究,编制滑坡灾害易发分区图,为滑坡灾害的风险预测及实时预警预报提供基础资料。以浙江省永嘉县为例,利用MAPGIS二次开发得到的信息量专业模块,结合永嘉县历史滑坡灾害和2004年以来新发生的灾害点,分别评价了研究区的历史滑坡灾害危险性和现状滑坡灾害危险性;提出用历史滑坡灾害危险性图件结合新发生的灾害点来验证评价模型;将历史灾害点和新灾害点结合生成滑坡灾害危险性预测图件的预测过程;研究成果经在永嘉县的实际验证分析,2004年后3次台风期间（2004年的“云娜” 台风,2005年的“海棠”和“麦莎”台风）发生的有准确地点的滑坡灾害点全部位于滑坡灾害易发区内,表明采用的模型具有较好的实用性和可靠性;采用历史统计和快速聚类相结合的方法进行危险性等级的划分,克服了前人研究工作中人为划分易发区的缺陷,更科学、客观。 相似文献
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《地球科学进展》2017,(3)
构造地貌学被誉为揭开高原隆升历史的钥匙,但一直受困于年代学的制约。低温热年代学的成熟和进步可为构造地貌研究提供精确的年代学支持。综述了最近几年青藏高原隆起过程研究动态,重点讨论高原构造地貌学的发展问题。建议选取构造地貌发育过程中的直接信息载体(地质地貌岩体)以及相关沉积(新生代盆地沉积物、现代河流沉积物、阶地序列),采用多矿物(磷灰石、锆石等)裂变径迹和(U-Th)/He热年代学这些优势互补方法进行综合研究。通过对这些相互区别又相互联系的信号载体进行系统的年代学分析,据此可重建高原各块体的构造地貌发育过程。提出了几种可能的构造地貌发育模式,并指出低温热年代学信号解译中应当注意的问题。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献