首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
相似文献
 共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 78 毫秒
1.
栾川群沿秦岭造山带和华北克拉通两大构造单元的结合部分布,其时代归属和构造意义长期存在争议。本文从锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素角度对栾川群进行物源分析和区域对比分析,为合理地理解华北克拉通南缘晚前寒武纪构造演化提供重要证据。栾川群上部大红口组浅变质粗面岩的结晶年龄为854±8Ma,成因以古元古代晚期陆壳物质的再循环或改造为主。栾川地区栾川群变碎屑岩中最年轻的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和大红口组浅变质粗面岩及相关侵入岩的结晶年龄限定栾川群沉积时代在917~844Ma,属于新元古代青白口纪。白术沟组中上部、煤窖沟组和鱼库组变碎屑岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄和Hf同位素特征一致,碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄集中在1.85~1.10Ga之间,北秦岭地体是最可能的物源区;Hf两阶段模式年龄(T_(DM2))为1.33~2.92Ga,揭示源区经历了~1.45Ga、~1.8Ga、~2.1Ga和~2.5Ga四期元古代陆壳增生。栾川群白术沟组下部和白术沟组中上部至鱼库组之间截然不同的碎屑锆石年龄谱图表明白术沟组沉积期间物源区由华北克拉通转变为北秦岭块体,沉积构造背景由被动大陆边缘转化为碰撞造山和后碰撞伸展环境。北秦岭地体原来应属于华北克拉通的一部分,至少在华北克拉通南缘至东缘地区曾存在与北秦岭地体类似的中、新元古代构造带。该构造带强烈地参与了Columbia超大陆裂解和Rodinia超大陆汇聚及裂解过程,在新元古代早期与华北克拉通曾短暂的拼合并造山,转变为华北克拉通周缘沉积盆地的主要物源供给区。  相似文献   

2.
塔里木盆地东南缘的阿尔金山被认为是塔里木克拉通变质基底的主要出露地区之一。 本文通过阿尔金山北坡不整合在太古代-古元古代变质基底之上的安南坝群中的碎屑岩和中南阿尔金中深变质岩石(原定为阿尔金岩群)的锆石U-Pb年代学研究,来确定塔里木盆地东南缘变质基底的性质及所经历的多期构造热历史。研究结果显示,塔里木盆地东南缘的安南坝群中含砾砂岩的碎屑锆石年龄集中在1.92Ga左右,少量在2.0~2.4Ga,表明其碎屑物质主要来源于下伏的太古代-早元古代米兰岩群和相关的深成侵入体。在中阿尔金地块和南阿尔金俯冲碰撞杂岩带的深变质岩石中,锆石U-Pb年代学数据表明其记录有新元古代早期(920~940Ma)、新元古代晚期(760Ma左右)和早古生代(450~500Ma)三期构造热事件,新元古代早期的构造热事件与塔里木(或晋宁)造山作用有关,它普遍存在于塔里木盆地周缘的和南中国地块(扬子克拉通)的变质基底岩石中,与Rodinia超级大陆汇聚相关;新元古代晚期的构造热事件也同样广泛存在于塔里木盆地周缘和扬子克拉通之中,被认为与Rodinia超大陆的裂解作用有关。因此,在新元古代时期,阿尔金的地质演化历史与扬子克拉通非常相似,而与华北则有很大的不同,锆石U-Pb测定还表明中南阿尔金的深变质岩石普遍遭受了早古生代的变质作用的改造,显示它们普遍卷入了早古生代的碰撞造山事件之中,成为早古生代碰撞造山带的组成部分。  相似文献   

3.
华北克拉通是否同华南克拉通一样保存有与Rodinia超大陆聚合和裂解有关的年龄记录是理解华北克拉通元古宙构造演化的重要科学问题.本文对位于华北克拉通燕辽裂陷槽的北京西山地区的寒武系和侏罗系碎屑岩进行锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年代学研究,目的是通过碎屑锆石年龄揭示华北克拉通前寒武纪尤其是古元古代末-新元古代重要地质事件.定年结果显示,北京西山寒武系徐庄组的钙质细砂岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在~1.38Ga和~1.14Ga.此外,还有~ 1.56Ga、~912Ma、~814Ma、~740Ma、~630Ma和~507Ma的年龄组.侏罗系窑坡组长石质岩屑细砂岩和粉砂质泥岩中碎屑锆石年龄峰值主要集中在~2.5Ga、1.88~1.8Ga、~1.74Ga、~1.6Ga和186Ma.此外,还有~2.77Ga、~2.0Ga、~1.2Ga、~488Ma、~256Ma和~233 Ma的年龄组.这三个岩石具有较低的成分和结构成熟度,指示较近的物源区,其碎屑物质可能大部分来自华北克拉通内部和北缘,因此其碎屑锆石的年龄组可记录华北克拉通前寒武纪重要地质事件.~2.77Ga、~2.5Ga、2.1~ 2.0Ga和1.88~1.8Ga的年龄组分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件;~ 1.74Ga、~ 1.6Ga、~ 1.56Ga、~1.38Ga、~912Ma和~814Ma的年龄组记录了华北克拉通最终克拉通化后开始的古元古代末-新元古代的多期裂谷事件.与1.3~ 1.0Ga、~740Ma和~630Ma的年龄组相对应的岩石在华北克拉通出现甚少,而该时期的岩浆岩和变质岩在华南克拉通广泛发育,且可能与Rodinia超大陆汇聚和裂解的不同阶段相对应.华北克拉通显生宙碎屑岩中碎屑锆石保存的古元古代末-新元古代地质事件的记录对探讨华北克拉通在元古宙的地质演化及华北克拉通与华南克拉通的关系可提供重要的依据.  相似文献   

4.
河南嵩山地区位于华北克拉通南缘,其早前寒武纪结晶基底主要由新太古代登封群表壳岩、TTG质片麻岩和古元古代嵩山群石英岩,以及新太古代-古元古代的花岗质岩石组成。五佛山群角度不整合覆盖于登封群和嵩山群之上,主要由石英砂岩组成,夹少量的粉砂质页岩和薄层灰岩,为该地区太古宙-古元古代结晶基底之上分布广泛的第一沉积盖层。探讨其沉积时代和物质来源,对揭示华北克拉通南缘前寒武纪地壳演化过程具有重要意义,并可为华北南缘前寒武纪地层框架的建立和对比提供依据。本文对五佛山群底部马鞍山组两个石英砂岩样品的碎屑锆石进行LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄测定,获得最年轻的207Pb/206Pb年龄分别为(1732±11)Ma和(1655±22)Ma,说明五佛山群形成时代的下限为古元古代晚期,与华北克拉通南缘熊耳群火山-沉积岩系之后的其他沉积盖层年代相当。五佛山群碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄范围为2816~1655 Ma,主要集中于2100~1800 Ma之间(约占60%),年龄主峰值为(1.93±0.10)Ga,部分年龄分布于2500~2100 Ma之间(约占24%),说明其沉积物质主要来源于古元古代的地质体,相比华北克拉通其他地区同时代的沉积地层碎屑锆石年代学研究结果,本区来自太古宙的物源极少。五佛山群马鞍山组碎屑锆石的U-Pb年龄反映了嵩山地区在1.93 Ga左右发生过重要的构造-热事件,与华北克拉通古元古代中期发生的变质作用时间(约1.91 Ga)一致。碎屑锆石εHf(t)值为–14.3~4.6,Hf的两阶段模式年龄分布于2363~3672 Ma之间,明显大于其207Pb/206Pb年龄,大部分锆石的Hf同位素组成集中于2.50 Ga和2.80 Ga地壳演化线区域内,揭示了新太古代为华北克拉通南缘重要的陆壳生长期。  相似文献   

5.
本文收集大量锆石U-Pb年代学数据,通过制作年龄-频数图谱,简略探讨了西伯利亚克拉通、华北克拉通、东北地区微地块以及内蒙古大石寨地区的演化史,并对大石寨二叠系与其周边块体的锆石年龄作比较分析,进而探讨了大石寨地区二叠系的物源问题。碎屑锆石年龄-频数图表明,大石寨地区二叠系碎屑锆石年龄可以划分出古生代年龄段(500~250 Ma),中—新元古代年龄段(1.6~0.8 Ga),新太古一古元古代年龄段(2.6~1.7 Ga)。华北克拉通北缘与西伯利亚克拉通南缘基底年龄均1.6 Ga,其二者都不能反映大石寨地区二叠系物源年龄信息,而大石寨地区二叠系碎屑锆石年龄峰值与东北地区地块年龄峰具有很好一致性,说明二者锆石年龄峰值反映的构造岩浆事件一致,表明大石寨地区二叠系物源应来源于东北地块而不是华北克拉通和西伯利亚克拉通。同时,东北地区大量古老基底锆石年龄数据的存在,暗示东北地块可能独立于上述两大板块而存在,并响应中亚造山带内存在古老微大陆的观点;东北地块由诸多微小块体拼贴而成,并分别与西伯利亚克拉通和华北克拉通碰撞拼接,缝合线分别是贺根山一黑河缝合带与西拉木伦缝合带。  相似文献   

6.
蓬莱群是胶北地区最主要的晚前寒武纪沉积盖层,对研究华北克拉通东南缘晚前寒武纪演化有重要意义.为确认蓬莱群沉积时代与物源特征,本次研究选取栖霞地区蓬莱群辅子夼组中上部的长石石英岩为研究对象,对锆石CL图像、U-Pb年龄以及稀土元素组成开展研究,发现碎屑锆石主要为岩浆锆石,年龄峰值主要集中在1 100、1 200 Ma以及1 600 Ma,缺乏年龄大于1.8 Ga的锆石;其中,最年轻碎屑锆石年龄为1 094±39 Ma,结合前人资料,蓬莱群辅子夼组沉积时代被限定在新元古代初期;不同地区的蓬莱群在辅子夼组中部以上物源区是统一的,在辅子夼组下部沉积时期物源发生变化.在区域上,蓬莱群物源特点与朝鲜祥原超群、以及我国辽东细河群、鲁南土门群、徐淮地区淮南群、豫西地区栾川群等华北东缘、南缘新元古代沉积盆地物源相似,物源主要来自华北克拉通以外的古陆.结合古地磁、中—新元古代岩墙分布等资料,推测发育格林威尔期造山带的克拉通如Laurentia-Siberia-Baltica或Sao Fransico-Congo克拉通与华北克拉通南缘拼合,提供物源.   相似文献   

7.
阿拉善地块性质和归属的再认识   总被引:12,自引:4,他引:8  
张建新  宫江华 《岩石学报》2018,34(4):940-962
阿拉善地块被认为是一个前寒武纪微陆块,其归属和演化历史长期存在争议。一部分学者认为其为华北克拉通的组成部分,是华北克拉通的西延;一部分学者认为与扬子或塔里木克拉通具有亲缘性;还有一些学者认为具有独立的地质演化历史。本文综合近年来阿拉善地块的研究进展,结合我们新的研究资料,梳理了阿拉善地块自新太古代到显生宙的岩石组成、构造热事件及年代格架,得出以下主要认识:1)阿拉善地块的早前寒武纪变质基底记录了2.7~3.0Ga陆壳生长、~2.5Ga TTG岩浆-变质事件,2.0~2.3Ga岩浆事件,以及1.9~1.95Ga和1.80~1.85Ga两期重要的变质事件,具有与华北克拉通相似的岩石组成和地壳演化历史;2)阿拉善地块发育与华北克拉通相似的中-新元古代沉积岩系,其碎屑锆石具有来源华北克拉通本身的物源区特征,反映出阿拉善地块直到中元古代-新元古代早期仍可能是华北克拉通的一部分;3)阿拉善地块显生宙的多期岩浆-构造-变质事件可能主要是中亚造山带早古生代以来造山作用的响应,而不是阿拉善地块与华北克拉通碰撞的产物。从奥陶纪到早二叠世,阿拉善地块可能处在古亚洲洋向南俯冲的活动大陆边缘环境;4)河西走廊-贺兰山南部早古生代沉积岩系(大黄山群和香山群)不属于阿拉善地块,而是祁连造山带的组成部分,其碎屑锆石组成和代表的物源特征不能作为阿拉善地块与华北克拉通在早古生代彼此分离的证据。  相似文献   

8.
为了探讨华北板块北缘晚古生代的隆升历史和古亚洲洋的闭合过程,利用碎屑岩的锆石U-Pb年代学、Hf同位素和锆石微量元素组成对北京周口店太平山南坡晚石炭世-早二叠世地层进行物源分析,并判定源区的大地构造背景.5件样品的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄主要分布在3个时代:显生宙(285~425 Ma)、古元古代(1 700~2 450 Ma)和新太古代(2 500~2 747 Ma).前寒武纪的锆石年龄主要集中在2.5 Ga和1.8 Ga,与华北克拉通的前寒武纪基底岩石相似.显生宙的锆石年龄主要集中在308~297 Ma,最年轻的峰值年龄在299~291 Ma,在误差范围内与地层沉积年龄相似,因此这些最年轻的碎屑锆石属于早二叠世同沉积锆石.29颗同沉积锆石的Hf同位素结果显示,原始176Hf/177Hf比值介于0.282 021~0.282 318,εHf(t)值介于-20.1~-9.6.显生宙锆石的年龄谱特征以及Hf同位素组成与内蒙古隆起同期的岩浆锆石特征十分相似,因此显生宙碎屑锆石可能来源于内蒙古隆起,并伴随有少量来自北侧兴蒙造山带南部的早古生代岛弧碎屑的输入.二叠纪同沉积锆石的微量元素特征表明锆石结晶的岩浆源区具有大陆岛弧的构造属性.上述数据表明:(1)华北板块北缘在晚石炭世-早二叠世为活动大陆边缘;(2)晚古生代古亚洲洋向华北北缘的持续俯冲消减导致了内蒙古隆起的快速隆升;(3)古亚洲洋闭合的时间应晚于早二叠世.   相似文献   

9.
刘欢  李怀坤  田辉  常青松  张健 《地质学报》2021,95(8):2436-2452
华北克拉通南缘"豫陕裂陷槽"发育大量中—新元古代地层,其中汝阳群和洛峪群分布于渑池—确山地层小区,其形成时代一直存有争议.本文针对汝阳群和洛峪群沉积岩进行了系统的碎屑锆石年代学研究工作,结合地层发育和岩石组合分析,为建立华北克拉通南缘中—新元古代地层框架提供依据.根据云梦山组下部碎屑锆石中获得年轻锆石年龄平均值1723.6 Ma,结合前人从洛峪群凝灰岩夹层中获得的年代学资料(1611±8 Ma、1640±16 Ma、1638±9 Ma、1634±10 Ma),将汝阳群-洛峪群的沉积时限限定在1720~1600 Ma之间.本文所采集的云梦山组、白草坪组和崔庄组样品中碎屑锆石207Pb/206Pb年龄分别在2657~1739 Ma、2712~1780 Ma和2654~1819 Ma之间,说明三个组沉积物质主要来源于古元古代地质体,部分为新太古代地质体.鲁山地区发育的新太古代—古元古代的太华杂岩,登封地区发育的新太古代登封群以及古元古代嵩山群和花岗质岩石等,均可为中—新元古代沉积岩提供物源.豫西地区汝阳群-洛峪群碎屑锆石中~2.7 Ga、~2.5 Ga、2.1~2.0 Ga和1.85~1.8 Ga的年龄谱峰值分别对应华北克拉通早前寒武纪发生地壳生长、克拉通化、裂谷和造山等重要地质事件.越来越多资料显示华北克拉通在2.2~2.0Ga时期存在强烈的岩浆活动,豫西地区~2.1 Ga的岩浆作用也逐渐被识别出来.  相似文献   

10.
中国西秦岭碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄及其构造意义   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
西秦岭是北接华北克拉通、西接祁连与柴达木、南接松潘—甘孜地块的东秦岭造山带的西延。文中研究了该区从前寒武纪到三叠纪的碎屑沉积岩。这些碎屑沉积岩中分离出的锆石由LA-ICPMS(激光剥蚀等离子体质谱)进行了U-Pb定年。全岩Nd亏损地幔模式年龄类似于扬子克拉通年龄,主要分布于1.55~1.98Ga,峰值为1.81Ga,而与华北克拉通主要为古元古代与太古宙的模式年龄形成明显的对比。泥盆系中的碎屑锆石930~730Ma的U-Pb年龄指示其与扬子克拉通具亲缘性。930~730Ma是源区地壳的强烈增长阶段。二叠系—三叠系的碎屑沉积岩主体以含老于1600Ma的碎屑锆石为特征。碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄与Sm-Nd同位素组成指示此时华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石成为二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩的重要物源。扬子克拉通在三叠纪时与华北克拉通拼接。西秦岭二叠系—三叠系碎屑沉积岩含有高达50%的华北克拉通南缘的基底岩石。  相似文献   

11.
东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。  相似文献   

12.
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning.  相似文献   

13.
郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论   总被引:13,自引:3,他引:13  
据1:5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料,就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因,其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应,以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上,讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。  相似文献   

14.
塘口水电站大坝基础座落在断层和裂隙较发育的龟裂纹灰岩上,岩体完整性差、透水性强,多年运行后,大坝灌浆廊道和排水廊道出现多处集中性漏水,为确保大坝安全和电站正常发电,根据渗漏性质和成因,采用对灌浆廊道补充帷幕灌浆,对排水廊道进行固结+帷幕+回填灌浆。通过灌浆处理后,效果良好,表明灌浆工程有效的将导致坝基渗漏的上下游的裂隙通道封闭,并顺利的经受了随后的汛期洪水考验,大坝安全得到保障。  相似文献   

15.
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen.  相似文献   

16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析   总被引:10,自引:0,他引:10  
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。   相似文献   

17.
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix.  相似文献   

18.
The Global Stratotype Section and Point (GSSP) for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy (SSS) proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy (ICS). The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob's Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs.  相似文献   

19.
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″.  相似文献   

20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base.  相似文献   

设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号