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碳酸盐岩构造裂缝发育模式探讨 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
从影响碳酸盐岩构造裂缝发育的主要因素入手,结合研究实例解剖分析,分别从岩性、层厚、风化作用、断裂作用、褶皱作用和区域构造应力场以及热液改造7个方面探讨了各种因素如何控制构造裂缝的发育程度和分布规律,并提出各种因素分别控制裂缝发育的概念模型。在考虑单一条件下,认为较粗粒的碳酸盐岩比较细的碳酸盐岩更易发育裂缝;薄层比厚层更易发育裂缝;风化壳顶部比下部更易发育裂缝;断裂附近比远离断裂更易发育裂缝;褶皱的转折端比翼部更易发育裂缝;区域应力场的应力集中部位更易比其他地区发育裂缝。热液改造裂缝可分为水力作用型和后充填型。 相似文献
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应用薄片、铸体和阴极发光等室内分析技术,对鲁西隆起奥陶系碳酸盐岩及济阳坳陷潜山奥陶系钻井岩心样品进行了成岩作用及储集特征详细研究。奥陶系碳酸盐岩原生孔隙消失殆尽,次生成因的孔、洞和缝是主要储集空间。其中裂缝储集层在各层段均有发育,但白云岩段优于其它岩性段;构造缝主要分布在构造轴部和断裂带附近,溶蚀缝在不整合面附近较为发育。孔洞型储集层主要发育在白云岩层段,以晶间孔、晶间溶孔和晶内溶孔为主要储集空间;有少量有效孔隙分布在灰岩段,以铸模孔、粒内溶孔和粒内孔为主。马家沟组八陡段顶部发育溶蚀角砾岩、纹层状结晶灰岩,砾间缝、晶间缝和溶洞为主要储集空间。白云岩段是奥陶系碳酸盐岩主要储集层段,构造因素、岩性和成岩作用(尤其是胶结作用和溶蚀作用)是造成奥陶系碳酸盐岩储集层剖面分布差异性的主要控制因素。 相似文献
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普光气田为一边水、高含硫、多裂缝的碳酸盐岩气藏。为防止边水通过裂缝网络进入储层,造成水淹,对裂缝进行了成因机制和控制因素的系统研究。普光气田长兴组和飞仙关组碳酸盐岩储层自沉积以来主要经历了三个不同力源方向的构造挤压运动,形成了一系列与地层变形和断层相关的剪切缝和扩张缝。认为裂缝的发育程度主要受控于构造运动,地层变形越强,裂缝越发育;与断层相关的裂缝系统主要发育在距断层1 200 m的范围内,离断层越近,裂缝越发育。裂缝发育程度还受岩性、岩层厚度、岩石结构组分、储集物性等因素的综合影响。岩性不同,裂缝发育程度不同;裂缝发育密度随岩层厚度、粒屑含量的增加而减小,随填隙物、基质含量的增加而增大。裂缝主要发育在孔隙度较差的储层中,储层孔隙度较好时,裂缝相对不发育。 相似文献
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构造裂缝发育程度是碳酸盐岩地区构造裂缝定量研究的重要方面,对碳酸盐岩裂缝油气藏的储层预测具有重要意义。论文基于野外地质实际考察,研究岩性、地层厚度、构造性质等因素对构造裂缝的影响,建立比较系统的构造裂缝发育分布规律,建立构造裂缝发育的地质模型。白云岩的裂缝密度明显大于灰岩类的裂缝密度。地层越厚裂缝密度越小,但裂缝规模较大。走滑断裂控制的构造裂缝的裂缝密度与距断裂的距离呈指数关系且存在"断裂控制的裂缝带","断裂控制裂缝带"与断裂的性质、规模和断距等因素密切相关。提出不同性质断裂"断裂控制裂缝带"宽度与断层破碎带宽度的比值K,这个比值的发现对断裂控制的裂缝油气勘探开发具有重要的应用价值。 相似文献
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依据国内外页岩气大量资料和测试数据,对影响页岩裂缝发育的岩性和矿物组成、有机碳含量、岩石力学性质、异常高压等非构造因素和构造因素进行了定性或半定量分析,初步探讨了页岩裂缝发育与含气量之间关系。结果表明:页岩中石英、长石和碳酸盐岩含量高,岩石的泊松比低、杨氏模量高,脆性大,容易在外力作用下形成天然裂缝和诱导裂缝,其发育程度一般与页岩中脆性矿物的含量呈正相关关系。高有机碳含量或异常高压页岩裂缝发育。裂缝发育程度与有机碳含量关系可以划分为4类。页岩裂缝发育程度与总含气量和游离气量呈正相关关系,页岩裂缝越发育,其含气量越大,产气量也越高。裂缝对页岩气藏的形成具有双重作用,一是裂缝可以作为天然气和地层水的有效储集空间和快速运移通道,有利于页岩层系中游离态天然气体积的增加和吸附态天然气的解吸,裂缝密度越大,走向越分散,产气量越高;二是裂缝规模过大,可能导致天然气散失。北美地区页岩裂缝发育带内的页岩气勘探成功率高,产气量高,中国四川盆地下古生界海相富有机质脆性页岩层中天然气有良好显示或高产气井均与裂缝发育密切相关。 相似文献
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碳酸盐岩次生溶蚀孔洞是优质的储集空间,为油气的运聚提供条件。为研究溶洞发育的控制因素,选取广西东兰-凤山地区石炭纪-二叠纪碳酸盐岩溶蚀特征进行分析。镜下显示,研究区岩石类型为亮晶生屑灰岩、颗粒灰泥灰岩、含颗粒灰泥灰岩、晶粒灰岩和灰泥颗粒灰岩等,孔隙类型主要为粒间溶蚀孔、粒内溶蚀孔、晶间孔和微裂缝。研究发现,影响洞穴发育的主要因素有构造、岩组类型、流体性质、气候及岩溶古地貌。构造控制洞穴发育规模,在构造破碎带及其附近容易发育大规模洞穴;目的层大套灰岩是溶蚀的物质基础,力学强度较大的亮晶生屑灰岩易于形成大型洞穴,当岩石含较多灰泥或发生重结晶时,溶蚀难度增加;酸性流体、温暖潮湿气候和岩溶斜坡地貌,为洞穴发育的有利条件。其中,构造对洞穴发育的控制作用最大。 相似文献
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下古生界碳酸盐岩地层是塔里木盆地油气勘探的重点层系,而裂缝系统是影响碳酸盐岩储层非均质性的重要因素,裂缝的空间发育分布不仅影响着储层的岩溶改造,还在一定程度上控制了油气的运移聚集。近年来,随着在塔里木盆地阿满过渡带的走滑断裂带取得一系列重大油气勘探发现,断裂的控储、控藏作用逐渐得到重视。为研究碳酸盐岩地层中裂缝的空间发育规律及控制因素,结合前人研究成果,对柯坪地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩野外露头剖面进行了详细解剖。结果表明,裂缝在垂向地层中具有层控性发育的特征,层序边界、岩性界面、岩层界面等沉积界面控制了碳酸盐岩地层裂缝的发育,裂缝的终止端多位于该类界面处或附近;同时,裂缝的发育还受岩层厚度的影响,当岩层厚度较小时,裂缝密度总体上随岩层厚度的增大而增大,而当岩层厚度超过一定值1.0～1.5 m时,裂缝密度趋于恒定。碳酸盐岩地层裂缝的层控性发育对流体在地层中的流动具有重要影响,力学界面处裂缝的大量终止促使裂缝系统内流体的主要流动方向发生改变,从而影响岩溶作用的发育和分布,力学界面附近是形成区域性岩溶孔洞、洞穴系统的有利部位。 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2021,(4)
裂缝对碳酸盐岩储层油气产能有重要的影响。在总结碳酸盐岩裂缝的分类、成因、主控因素、识别与预测等方面的基础上,认为对非构造缝的分类、命名及其含义仍存在较大争议。裂缝成因主要包括构造作用、成岩作用、异常高压作用、剥蚀作用和风化作用。粒度和孔隙度对构造缝发育的影响机理有待进一步深入研究。沉积相对构造缝发育有一定的影响,但同一沉积相内岩性组成复杂,难以准确揭示裂缝发育的影响机理。直接研究岩性对裂缝发育影响更利于揭示裂缝形成机理。基于成岩演化序列对裂缝进行研究可明确裂缝形成时的岩石特征,为深入讨论构造缝发育的主控因素提供了基础。层间缝、缝合线、异常高压缝和溶蚀缝等非构造缝发育的主控因素有待进一步深入研究。近几年地震技术识别裂缝突破不大,非常规测井识别裂缝领域以声波远探测技术发展最快。常规测井识别裂缝一直是研究的热点问题,不同学者提出了40余种裂缝识别方法。测井、地震信息裂缝预测法预测结果可靠性高,是目前主流的裂缝预测技术。规范裂缝分类、梳理裂缝成因、深化构造缝发育机理研究、加强非构造缝主控因素探讨、提高常规测井裂缝识别率、综合现有不同裂缝预测技术预测裂缝是下一步裂缝研究的重要发展方向。 相似文献
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利用地表露头、岩心、薄片和测井资料,对鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7油层组陆相页岩层系天然裂缝的成因类型、发育特征和主控因素进行研究。按地质成因,鄂尔多斯盆地南部长7油层组页岩层系的天然裂缝可以分为构造裂缝和成岩裂缝两大类,其中构造裂缝主要包括剪切裂缝和张性裂缝;成岩裂缝主要包括层理缝、页理缝和收缩裂缝。不同岩性中的天然裂缝发育情况明显不同,致密砂岩中以构造裂缝为主,层理缝仅在粉砂岩和局部细砂岩中发育;页岩和凝灰岩中页理缝、层理缝和构造裂缝均比较发育。不同类型的天然裂缝主控因素明显不同,构造裂缝的发育主要受岩性和岩石力学层层厚控制;砂岩中层理缝的发育主要受碳质纹层、粘土矿物转化程度等因素控制;凝灰岩中层理缝的发育主要受刚性玻屑脱玻化作用的控制;页岩中页理缝的发育主要受纹层、TOC含量和黄铁矿含量的控制。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献