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1.
中国中央造山带内至少发育两个超高压变质带,一个是南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,超高压峰期变质年龄为早古生代(500～400 Ma),代表扬子与中朝克拉通间的深俯冲和碰撞带;另一个是研究程度较高的大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带,峰期变质年龄主体是三叠纪(250～220 Ma),代表扬子克拉通内部的陆内大陆深俯冲和碰撞带。对东秦岭看丰沟及香坊沟的变质岩片详细岩石学和构造学研究以及先期造山带尺度的构造、岩石和年代学研究资料分析证明,南阿尔金-柴北缘-北秦岭超高压变质带,向东不能与大别-苏鲁超高压和高压变质带的任一部分相连,包括南大别和西北大别超高压及高压变质岩石。相反,大别-苏鲁超高压及高压变质带,向西经桐柏山,横过南襄盆地延伸到南秦岭的西峡及商南一带。仅在东秦岭-大别山范围内,两个超高压变质带分别位于南丹断裂系南北两侧,沿造山带近平行延展,之间被一系列以断裂或剪切带为边界的岩石构造岩片相隔,不能构成横贯中国中部统一的巨型超高压变质带。任何有关中国中央造山带构造格架及构造演化模型的建立,均应考虑其内部发育两个时代和功能不同的超高压变质带。 相似文献
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超高压变质岩生成问题中解决低密度大陆地壳深俯冲力学机制是一个关键问题。虽然俯冲地幔岩石可以裹携十几千米乃至几十千米尺度的陆壳块体到超高压变质深度，大规模的陆壳深俯冲需要特殊的构造条件。新西兰南岛北端研究表明，俯冲大洋板块能携带宽度达150km左右的窄条陆壳克服浮力达到超高压变质深度，而大陆板块碰撞的主体则浮在岩石圈上形成走滑断层。苏鲁-大别可能曾存在类似的构造条件：苏鲁西侧俯冲海洋板片首先拖曳苏鲁陆壳俯冲到超高压变质深度；随后大别以西俯冲大洋板片拖曳大别至超高压变质深度，而陆壳浮力导致苏鲁陆壳停止俯冲，飘浮的陆壳被北推而形成郯庐断裂；秦岭陆陆碰撞造山后大别超高压陆壳也折返；秦岭作为典型造山带，虽然不排除零星超高压变质的可能，但不具备大规模超高压变质的条件。 相似文献
3.
“秦岭-大别-苏鲁”造山带中“古特提斯缝合带”的连接 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
中国大陆西北部的"古特提斯缝合带"如何与东面的"秦岭-大别-苏鲁"造山带连接,是涉及中国大陆中部构造格架的关键问题之一。南秦岭造山带中的古特提斯蛇绿岩带和东秦岭-桐柏-大别-苏鲁造山带中三叠纪高压-超高压变质带的对比,以及一条位于两者之间的220~204 Ma的大型左行走滑剪切带的存在,提供了它们之间关系的新的视角,为此,我们提出南秦岭的勉略蛇绿岩带向东通过宁陕-湘河大型左行走滑剪切带,和大陆俯冲与深俯冲造成的"耀岭河-桐柏-大别-苏鲁"高压—超高压变质带北缘连接,构成"秦岭-大别-苏鲁"造山带中的古特提斯缝合带新模式。沿着这条边界,南秦岭构造单元可以分为南部的南秦岭被动陆缘单元和北部的南秦岭主动陆缘单元,后者向东的延伸由于南、北板块之间三叠纪的剪切碰撞而尖灭。 相似文献
4.
沿中央造山带存在一条巨大的超高压变质带,其西起阿尔金-祁连,往东经秦岭,延至大别苏鲁,全长超过4000 km.柴北缘片麻岩中含柯石英锆石的SIMS离子探针原位微区U-Pb定年获得超高压变质年龄452±1 3.8 Ma,锆石的退变质年龄419±6.7 Ma.SHRIMP U-Pb定年获得秦岭含金刚石片麻岩中锆石的下交点年龄502±45 Ma,上交点年龄1545±100Ma,认为前者代表超高压变质年龄,后者为原岩岩浆锆石年龄;获得榴辉岩锆石的上交点年龄1381±82 Ma和下交点493±170 Ma,认为上交点代表榴辉岩原岩年龄,下交点代表超高压变质年龄;获得江苏东海县青龙山榴辉岩含柯石英等超高压矿物锆石的年龄为441±9 Ma,449±9 Ma,和442±9Ma,平均444±9 Ma,核部含斜长石+磷灰石锆石年龄为761±13 Ma,认为前者代表超高压变质年龄,后者代表榴辉岩原岩结晶年龄.认为中国中部沿中央造山带中存在两期超高压变质作用,第一期为加里东期,第二期为印支期,两期超高压变质事件在时空分布方面是不同的,加里东期超高压变质事件由西部阿尔金-柴北缘延至东部大别-苏鲁,印支期超高压变质事件没有在大别以西发现.认为中央造山带应是一个多期活动的造山带,较早形成罗德尼亚大陆的格林威尔造山运动可能留下了10亿年左右的构造岩浆事件记录,如中央造山带中大量10亿年左右的花岗岩及基性超基性岩类;罗德尼亚大陆之后第一次裂解作用可能发生在8亿年左右;其后早古生代加里东期的洋盆裂开,蛇绿岩和超高压变质岩石的大量出现是一次十分强烈的板块构造事件,从东到西,沿中央造山带均有分布;加里东期造山事件之后印支期沿该造山带又有一次大的板块裂解和俯冲碰撞作用,表现在勉略蛇绿岩洋壳及大别-苏鲁印支期超高压变质带的存在.中央造山带保留和记录了多期裂解、会聚事件,通过对其解剖,不仅可以认识中国大地构造格局和演化,并由此理解全球的大陆漂移、一系列大裂解和大会聚等重大地质事件. 相似文献
5.
秦岭发现金刚石:横贯中国中部巨型超高压变质带新证据及古生代和中生代两期深俯冲作用的识别 总被引：92，自引：5，他引：92
在秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩的锆石中发现金刚石和大量石墨包裹体。金刚石具典型的1331～1334cm~(-1)拉曼谱峰。变质金刚石的发现证明秦岭北带榴辉岩及其围岩片麻岩经历了超高压变质作用,其俯冲深度>120 km。片麻岩锆石的SHRIMP定年表明,锆石核部代表岩浆事件的年龄或之前的残核年龄为1200～1800 Ma,超高压变质新增生边部的年龄为507±38 Ma,属早古生代。认为北秦岭超高压变质带与印支期大别超高压变质带(240～200 Ma)是时空上两个带。北秦岭超高压变质带向西可以与南阿尔金—柴北缘早古生代(490～440Ma)超高压变质带相连,向东与大别西北部的熊店和浒湾早古生代榴辉岩(420～400 Ma)相连,组成一条沿中央造山带北部分布的加里东期超高压变质带。认为主要分布在大别山南部的印支期超高压变质带应与南秦岭的高压蓝片岩带相连,组成一条分布在中央造山带南部的印支期高压超高压变质带。北秦岭超高压变质带的发现,为中央造山带存在一条西起阿尔金,东至苏鲁的近4000 km的世界上最大的一条超高压变质带的确定提供了新的关键性证据。而沿中央造山带分布的两条超高压变质带说明:①中国南北大陆在早古生代就已拼接在一起,其后,又有印支期的俯冲和碰撞叠加,加里东期超高压变质带主要分布在北部,后者在南部,两者时 相似文献
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苏鲁大别造山带岩石圈三维P波速度结构特征 总被引：13，自引：1，他引：13
本文全面收集整理并解析了地学断面、地震测深、体波和面波层析成像资料,得到了苏鲁大别造山带及其邻区岩石圈1°×1°三维P波速度数据体。研究结果表明,苏鲁与大别造山带高压、超高压变质带的岩石圈速度结构具有上地壳明显高速且上凸;中地壳增厚;下地壳埋藏较深且下凹等相似的基本特征。苏鲁和大别超高压变质带下的莫霍面比其周围深2～4 km,深度分别达到32～33 km和34～38 km。在大别造山带,有地壳低速体从南向北俯冲到上地幔的迹象,可能显示了扬子地块地壳物质向华北地块俯冲,坠入上地幔的残留体。超高压变质带岩石圈底部的地幔,往往有明显高速层或高速体存在。苏鲁与大别地区的岩石圈速度结构不同特征及其成因在于苏鲁地区上地壳P波速度更高,但是,下地壳下凹没有大别地区明显,而且区域构造较为均一。这可能是受到郯庐断层左行平移的主控影响所致。郯庐断裂带的上、中地壳和上地幔表现为相对低速异常,郯庐断裂及其地下延伸部分将岩石圈地幔浅部低速层和深部高速层切为两段,其影响深达岩石圈底部约90 km处。 相似文献
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三维P波速度解析研究结果表明，苏鲁-大别超高压变质带岩石圈地壳速度结构均具有上地壳明显高速且上凸、中地壳增厚、下地壳埋藏较深且莫霍面下凹等基本特征。与大别地区相比较，苏鲁超高压变质带存在着上地壳波速更高，且地表高速区面积与上地壳高速体体积大于大别；而莫霍面下凹程度不如大别地区，地壳山根已逐步趋向消失等独特的区域特征。显示了苏鲁地区曾发生过更激烈的俯冲与折返构造运动，与大别地区相比，有更多高速、高密度的超高压变质岩折返到上地壳与地表；然而在造山运动过程中比大别更早进入了造山运动后期等特征。对比研究结果表明，苏鲁-大别地段的造山、演化过程中，在构造运动基本相似的背景下，存在着区域性特征。苏鲁地区的造山运动以及超高压变质作用，有起始略晚、发生时期较短但相对激烈、结束早、比大别更早进入了造山运动的后期等特征。笔者分析了苏鲁区域性特征形成的主要构造原因是，郯庐断裂带的大规模左旋走滑运动以及通过中国华北区域的大范围NXV—SE向扩张应力场的影响。其中，中生代以来大华北地区的大区域扩张应力场的影响可能是该区俯冲到地幔内的超高压变质岩能够大量折返回地表或上地壳的重要构造原因。 相似文献
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从Pb同位素组成看东秦岭官坡超高压变质岩片的走势 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过研究表明，东秦岭官坡超高压变质岩片具有较高的放射性成因铅同位素组成：^206Pb／^204Pb=18．089～18．772，^207Pb／^204Pb=15．571～15．631，^208Pb／^204Pb=38．299～38．829。其铅同位素组成与秦岭岩群及二郎岩坪群一致，而与大别超高压变质带有明显的区别。结合构造分析可以判断，东秦岭超高压变质带与大别超高压变质带是两个不同的构造带，中央造山带内可能至少发育有两条超高压变质带。 相似文献
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桐柏-大别造山带加里东期构造热事件及其意义 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：15
桐柏－ 大别造山带是多旋回发展的复合造山带,至少有晋宁期、加里东期和印支期三个造山旋回。加里东旋回结束洋壳发展历史,经历了广泛的区域变质作用和局部强烈的高压超高压变质作用,具有划时代意义。桐柏－ 大别造山带加里东期具小洋盆、微古陆、多岛海古地理面貌,总体向北俯冲,最终形成陆 陆碰撞造山带。进一步可划分为三个各具特色的单元：北淮阳构造带是一个板块碰撞混杂带;中间隆起区相当于岛弧性质,但它部分地段曾一度伴随小洋盆俯冲至深处,形成高压超高压变质带;随应褶皱带为大陆裂谷性质,并具某些弧后盆地特征。它们共同构成了大陆造山带复杂的内部结构构造特征。桐柏－ 大别造山带向东被后期的郯庐断裂所截;向西与秦岭造山带相连。通过区域地质和古地磁对比,加里东期秦岭造山带开裂规模更大,蛇绿岩更发育,构成一个向西开口的喇叭形;碰撞时大别造山带先碰,然而逐渐向西迁移 相似文献
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东濮凹陷北部沙三中亚段广泛发育盐岩和烃源岩,这两个看似不能共存的物质却在这里互层共生。该时期研究区沉积特征为多盐韵律与多层烃源岩互层共生、连续沉积,单个盐韵律厚度从几米到十几米,烃源岩有机质丰度高、类型好。平面上,两者在湖盆沉积沉降中心共生;垂向上,高有机质丰度、好干酪根类型与高盐度地层具有较好的对应关系。因而成为恢复古气候和古环境的重要研究对象。通过岩石学、古生物学以及Sr/Ba、B/Ga、(V+Ni+Mn)、Fe/Mn、Sr/Cu、Mg/Ca、V/(V+Ni)、稀土元素含量和氯同位素等方法对凹陷北部沙三中亚段的沉积环境进行研究。结果表明,凹陷北部沙三中亚段为深水沉积的还原环境,古盐度较高,达到半咸水-咸水沉积;微量元素和孢粉化石特征表明研究区沙三中亚段为温暖潮湿的环境。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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郯庐断裂南段研究进展与断裂性质讨论 总被引：13，自引：3，他引：13
据1：5万区域地质调查和专题研究资料，就郯庐断裂带是否南延与消失的原因，其与大别—苏鲁造山带交截形成的假位错效应，以及与中新生代沉积盆地形成演化的关系等作了新的阐述。在此基础上，讨论了郯庐断裂带是否为巨大的左行平移断层或转换断层。认为郯庐断裂带可能是在“古郯庐带”的基础上于早侏罗世重新活动、白垩纪强烈活动的地堑型枢纽断裂带。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
16.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
17.
Dean S. Oliver 《Mathematical Geology》1998,30(7):911-933
In reservoir characterization, the covariance is often used to describe the spatial correlation and variation in rock properties or the uncertainty in rock properties. The inverse of the covariance, on the other hand, is seldom discussed in geostatistics. In this paper, I show that the inverse is required for simulation and estimation of Gaussian random fields, and that it can be identified with the differential operator in regularized inverse theory. Unfortunately, because the covariance matrix for parameters in reservoir models can be extremely large, calculation of the inverse can be a problem. In this paper, I discuss four methods of calculating the inverse of the covariance, two of which are analytical, and two of which are purely numerical. By taking advantage of the assumed stationarity of the covariance, none of the methods require inversion of the full covariance matrix. 相似文献
18.
Jiayu Rong Michael Melchin S. Henry Williams Tatyana N. Koren Jacques Verniers 《《幕》》2008,31(3):315-318
The Global Stratotype Section and Point （GSSP） for the base of the Silurian System was defined in 1985. Since that time, a number of researchers have suggested that this section has serious deficiencies for use as a GSSP. As a result, in 2000, the Subcommission on Silurian Stratigraphy （SSS） proposed undertaking a formal restu@ of this GSSP, which was subsequently approved by the International Commission of Stratigraphy （ICS）. The result of this restudy was the formal proposal that the current GSSP, at 1.6 m above the base of the Birkhill Shale, at Dob＇s Linn, Scotland, should be maintained as the same locality and stratigraphic level, but the bios- tratigraphical definition of the boundary should be revised. The previously defined, basal Silurian grapto- lite zone, the Parakidograptus acuminatus Zone, should be subdivided into a lower Akidograptus ascensus Zone and a higher E acuminatus Zone. The base of the A. ascensus Zone, marked by the first appearance of A. ascensus, should be regarded as the biostratigraphic mark for the base of the Silurian. This proposal has now been formally approved by the SSS and ICS, and ratified by International Union of Geological Sciences. This is the first GSSP to undergo formal restudy and redefini- tion, and the proposal also included a recommended procedure for restudy of GSSPs. 相似文献
19.
Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
20.
Important tendencies in development of the world mineral-resources sector at the beginning of the 21st century were an increase in production and consumption of mineral materials differentiated by types of metals and nonmetallic mineral raw materials, by countries and regions, as well as the concentration of the production of mineral raw materials in a small number of countries, and a reduction in industrial reserves of minerals in the world economy, even at the current stage of their extraction. These tendencies should be taken into account in working out a strategy for development of the Russian mineral raw-material base. 相似文献