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1.
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界层序格架内的成岩作用 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
鄂尔多斯盆地上古生界主要发育石英砂岩、岩屑砂岩、杂砂岩、“牛毛毡砂岩”、黑色石英砂岩等五种砂岩类型。这些砂岩具有成份成熟度较高、结构成熟度中—低、以正粒序为主、粒级普遍为中粗粒、储层填隙物类型多、含量变化大的特点。经历了三个重要成岩阶段:早成岩压实期—原生孔隙大量破坏损失期，中成岩A期—有机酸溶蚀—次生孔隙发育期，中成岩B期—埋藏压溶再胶结成岩期。在SQ8主要发育压溶、高岭石溶蚀、石英次生加大等成岩作用。SQ11主要发育硅质胶结、碳酸盐胶结成岩作用。成岩相可分为三级五类，即Ⅰ强压溶—石英加大相；Ⅱ压溶—碳酸盐溶蚀—高岭石交代相及溶蚀—弱杂基充填—高岭石交代相；Ⅲ强压实—粘土胶结相及强压实—碳酸盐胶结、交代相。区内储层整体为低孔低渗的致密砂岩储层，以发育次生孔隙为主，包括粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔和高岭石晶间孔，原生孔隙较少保留。通过对沉积砂体展布、储层成岩相类型及储集性能的综合分析，对有利的储层分布区带进行了预测。 相似文献
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达县—宣汉长兴组礁滩白云岩主要成岩作用类型有压实作用、压溶作用、胶结作用、白云石化作用、新生变形作用、溶蚀作用、破裂作用和充填胶结作用等,对研究区储层贡献最大的成岩作用主要是溶蚀作用、新生变形作用和破裂作用。根据岩石中所形成的大量溶蚀孔隙、晶间溶孔和晶间孔以及裂缝的特征,该套礁滩白云岩储层的良好物性主要形成于中—深埋藏环境。 相似文献
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开江-梁平地区上二叠统长兴组储层岩石学特征 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
以露头剖面测量、单井岩芯观察和室内薄片鉴定为依据,结合不同结构和成因类型白云岩(或白云石)的n(Mg)/n(Ca)比值,有序度和C、O、Sr同位素特征,对开江-梁平地区长兴组碳酸盐岩储层成岩作用与孔隙发育和演化规律进行了综合研究,确定研究区对储层破坏最大的成岩作用是胶结、压实-压溶、新生变形和次生矿物的充填等作用,而对储层贡献最大的建设性成岩作用主要为埋藏白云岩化、重结晶、溶蚀和破裂等作用,有效地改善了储层的孔渗性,形成以粒间溶孔、粒内溶孔、铸模孔、晶间溶孔、超大溶孔、溶洞和溶裂缝等多种次生孔隙类型组合的礁、滩相储层基本特征。在再造成岩序列和恢复孔隙演化历史的基础上,对储层发育与孔隙演化的关系可得出如下几点结论:①有利的礁、滩相带决定了储层发育的位置和空间展布规律;②礁、滩复合体的多期次埋藏白云岩化是形成储层的基础;③破裂作用和溶蚀作用是改造储层和提高储层质量的关键。 相似文献
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塔里木盆地英买力—哈拉哈塘地区奥陶系碳酸盐岩岩溶型储集层获得勘探突破,对研究区成岩作用及孔隙演化的研究具有重要意义。通对对大量的岩心、薄片、阴极发光、成像测井及测试分析等资料进行综合研究,认为研究区岩溶储集层经历了多期多类复杂的成岩作用,其中溶蚀(或岩溶)作用、破裂作用、压溶作用使原岩产生大量次生孔隙从而改善其储集性,为建设性成岩作用;胶结充填作用和硅化作用降低了碳酸盐岩的原生和次生孔隙度,为破坏性成岩作用;热液作用具有双重作用。岩溶储集层经历了(准)同生期和早成岩期海底成岩、近地表成岩及浅埋藏成岩阶段,后受加里东中、晚期—早海西期构造运动影响,遭受了几期长短不一的暴露溶蚀,其后经历了中、晚海西期的波动性埋藏及中、新生代的浅—深埋藏成岩阶段,构成了中期间隙开启型成岩演化系统。相应地,孔隙演化经历了原生孔隙形成—缩减期、缝洞发育期、缝洞缩减充填期和裂缝、埋藏溶蚀—充填期4个阶段。原生孔和早期溶孔大部分被胶结充填,不构成有效储集空间;加里东中、晚期—海西早期岩溶作用对研究区储集空间的形成具有决定性作用,溶蚀孔、洞、缝和构造破裂缝构成了英买力—哈拉哈塘地区碳酸盐岩岩溶储集层主体;深埋溶蚀作用对先期储集层改造调整,进一步增加了储集层的非均质性。 相似文献
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《西北地质》2018,(4)
通过岩心观察、铸体薄片、X射线衍射和扫描电镜等方法,对准噶尔盆地石南地区中侏罗—下白垩统西山窑组(J_2x)、头屯河组(J_2t)和清水河组(K_1q)储层的成岩作用特征和成岩演化序列进行了研究,并总结了研究区成岩作用对储层孔渗的影响。结果表明:中侏罗—下白垩统储层以细砂岩、中细砂岩、中砂岩为主,成分成熟度较低,结构成熟度中等。储层孔渗相关性较好,喉道以中喉道为主,部分为细喉;整体上属于中孔中低渗储层。储集空间类型主要是原生孔隙,溶蚀形成的次生孔隙所占比重很小。通过对储层成岩作用特征和孔隙类型组合分析可知,石南地区中侏罗—下白垩统储层主要处于早成岩阶段A期—早成岩阶段B期,储集岩的成岩作用序列大致为:绿泥石薄膜和早期的方解石胶结→岩屑和长石的溶解→早期高岭石和硅质胶结→次生石英加大和晚期高岭石→晚期铁方解石和铁白云石;而压实作用则贯穿整个埋藏成岩过程。研究区储层主要经历了压实、胶结、溶蚀等成岩作用;其中导致研究区储层孔隙损失的最主要原因是压实作用,其次为胶结作用,而溶蚀作用对储层孔隙增生的贡献量有限。 相似文献
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成岩相作为油气勘探过程中的热门方法,其定义的不同造成研究成果的差异。前期通过对苏里格气田东二区盒8段储层岩石学和成岩作用的详细研究,按照邹才能等(2008)提出的成岩相分类和命名原则,将研究区盒8段储层划分为五种成岩相。此次研究结合流体包裹体的分析测试结果,对研究区盒8段储层的成岩环境进行了分析,并利用成岩环境对其成岩相进行了再研究,在原研究程度的基础上完善了成岩相的形成过程和形成阶段。研究区盒8段储层在成岩过程中经历了淡水-弱酸性的大气成岩环境、弱酸性-酸性的埋藏成岩环境和弱碱性的埋藏成岩环境。受成岩环境的影响,形成了不同的成岩相:同生成岩-早成岩A早期受大气淡水、弱酸性埋藏成岩环境的影响,主要发生压实、弱酸性溶蚀作用形成弱溶蚀-压实相;早成岩A晚期-早成岩B期受弱酸性埋藏成岩环境的影响,压实作用与酸性溶蚀作用持续增强,形成溶蚀-压实相;中成岩A期-中成岩B早期为酸性埋藏成岩环境,广泛产生胶结作用与酸性溶蚀作用,形成溶蚀-胶结相;中成岩B晚期表现为碱性埋藏成岩环境,主要发生碱性交代作用,形成交代相。根据储层成岩相的影响因素:岩性、成岩环境、成岩作用类型和孔隙结构特征,按照"成岩相是成岩环境的物质表现"的定义,提出采用"岩性+成岩环境+(孔渗级别)+主要成岩作用"的命名方法,将苏里格气田东二区盒8段储层成岩相划分为五种类型:中细粒(杂)砂岩大气环境致密压实相;净砂岩大气、酸性埋藏环境特低孔渗溶蚀-压实相;净砂岩酸性埋藏环境低孔渗溶蚀相;净砂岩酸性埋藏环境特低孔渗溶蚀-胶结相以及净砂岩碱性埋藏环境致密交代相。 相似文献
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《海相油气地质》2015,(3)
豫西北奥陶系马家沟组三段碳酸盐岩的野外露头观察和室内测试分析结果表明,马家沟组三段的岩性以泥晶灰岩为主,岩石中具有典型的遗迹化石充填特征。遗迹化石充填物经历了白云石化、胶结、溶蚀、压实/压溶、去白云石化等成岩作用,其中溶蚀作用对充填物孔隙发育具有建设性,压实作用和去白云石化作用具有破坏性,而白云石化作用、胶结作用和压溶作用则具有建设性和破坏性的双重影响。潜穴充填物的孔隙类型主要以白云石晶间孔、晶间次生溶孔和晶内次生溶孔为主。随着成岩环境的变化,孔隙度经历了降低—升高—降低—升高的反复演化过程。早成岩阶段的白云石化作用对于潜穴充填物孔隙的发育贡献最大,此后充填物孔隙度的提升主要依赖于表生环境下大气淡水的淋滤溶蚀,而遗迹化石充填物经成岩改造后对提高宿主岩层的储层物性具有促进作用。 相似文献
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松辽盆地长岭凹陷中部上白垩统储层砂岩主要类型为岩屑长石砂岩,经历的成岩作用主要有以机械压实为主的压实作用,碳酸盐、粘土矿物、硅酸盐及硅质胶结为主的胶结作用,以长石、岩屑等不稳定组分溶解为主的溶蚀作用和局部发育的交代作用.研究区储层孔隙类型以粒间孔隙、粒内溶孔和铸模孔为主,其中粒间孔隙最为发育.储层砂岩成岩演化阶段处于早成岩B期—中成岩B期,主要为中成岩A期.结合沉积相和成岩作用特征,深入探讨了适合本区的成岩相的划分方案,划分的主要成岩相类型为压实成岩相、碳酸盐胶结相、不稳定组分溶蚀相、硅质胶结相和钠长石成岩相,成岩相决定储层的性能,不稳定组分溶蚀相和钠长石成岩相构成了本区的有利成岩相带. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
12.
Xiaoyu ZHAO Wuyi WANG Hairong LI Fujian FENG Lizhen WANG 《中国地球化学学报》2006,25(B08):80-81
Brick-tea-type fluorosis is a peculiar endemic disease in China, which had been discovered in minority areas of western China since 1980, and distributed mainly in Tibet, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Qinghai and parts of Sichuan Province. The prevalence rate of fluorosis in Tibetan and Mongolian nationality people was higher. Epidemiological investigation showed that fluorosis morbidity and degrees were different in different brick-tea drinking areas, and it was probably caused by drinking various kinds of brick tea from different regions. Therefore, we collected 33 samples of brick tea from six provinces where minority nationalities were accustomed to drinking a large quantity of brick tea. F concentrations were determined by the combustion hydrolysis-ion selective electrode method. The results showed that among the brick teas, the F concentrations ranged from the minimum 74.1 mg/kg in Yunnan Province to the maximum 991.2 mg/kg in Sichuan Province. Besides, there was a great difference among the various kinds of brick tea, and F concentrations decreased in the order of Kang brick tea, Green brick tea, Black brick tea, Mi brick tea, Fu brick tea, Chitsu ping tea, Puerh tea, and Tuo tea. The average F concentration in brick teas was 431.92 mg/kg. 相似文献
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日本北海道音调津的球状石墨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
本文利用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪、透射电镜等手段对日本北海道音调津球状石墨的成因、结构等进行研究,认为日本北海道音调津球状石墨中除了石墨外,还存在镍黄铁矿﹑黄铜矿﹑磁黄铁矿等金属硫化物矿物。通过透射电子显微镜观察发现音调津石墨中大部分是椭圆状石墨颗粒,高分辨晶格条纹主要是非晶态结构,但是同时也发现了结晶良好的石墨。高结晶度石墨的存在可能是在硫化物Fe-Ni-Cu的触媒作用下形成的。天然球状石墨的微结构和性状研究对天然石墨的形成和开发应用有重要意义,对新型碳材料的制备技术有重要科学意义。 相似文献
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Joseph Clancy White 《Contributions to Mineralogy and Petrology》1993,113(4):524-532
The textural relationships and structural states of optically isotropic labradorite from the Manicouagan, Quebec, impact structure have been examined by light (optical) and transmission electron (TEM) microscopy. Two distinct diaplectic glasses have been recognized based on their contrasting morphology, timing and the inferred modes of formation. The earliest isotropic bands and grain-scale isotropism (maskelynite) optically exhibit a gradational,in situ transformation from crystalline plagioclase with preservation of relict textures (twins, grain boundaries). The same transformation from crystalline to amorphous structure is observed in TEM to occur heterogeneously at scales on the order of the unit cell. The progressive transformation of optical properties reflects an increase in the volume fraction and eventual coalescence of these amorphous units. This maskelynite-type diaplectic glass is interpreted to form in the solid-state directly from crystalline material during the compressional phase of the shock wave. The other isotropic material occurs in spatially discrete tensiongashes and planar deformation features (PDFs) that overprint the maskelynite-type glass. This second type of diaplectic glass (PDF-type) is developed homogeneously within a given glass band and exhibits sharp crystal-glass boundaries, in contrast to the gradational boundaries of the maskelynite-type glass. PDF-type glass is interpreted to form by melting in tensional release zones during passage of the rarefaction wave. These observations emphasize the ability of naturally shocked rocks to preserve subtle evidence of variations in the shock process from highly transient events. 相似文献
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捕虏体麻粒岩是了解下地壳形成和演化的重要样品。汉诺坝新生代玄武岩中的二辉麻粒岩捕虏体样品中富含各种硫化物相,主要类型有:①孤立产出的球状出溶硫化物;②矿物颗粒之间或颗粒内的粗晶硫化物;③次生硫化物包裹体群;④裂隙充填硫化物。电子探针分析表明,硫化物的矿物成分均为贫镍磁黄铁矿,(Ni+Co+Cu)/Fe(原子比)远小于0.2;(Fe+Cu+Co+Ni)/S(原子比)比地幔岩的磁黄铁矿小,多小于0.875,反映了一种S过饱和环境。各种产状的磁黄铁矿中Au、Ag都有一定的含量,其平均值分别为0.19%～0.22%(Au)、0.01%～0.02%(Ag),反映下地壳的麻粒岩化与金矿化的成因联系。磁黄铁矿的Ni、Co、Cu含量与S正相关,说明微量重金属元素与S具有同源的关系,由于地幔去气伴随S而进入下地壳。 相似文献
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Compositional evolution in Ca-amphibole in the Karmutsen metabasites, Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
M. TERABAYASHI 《Journal of Metamorphic Geology》1993,11(5):677-690
Abstract The 6-km-thick Karmutsen metabasites, exposed over much of Vancouver Island, were thermally metamorphosed by intrusions of Jurassic granodiorite and granite. Observations of about 800 thin sections from the Campbell River and Buttle Lake area show that the metabasites provide a complete succession of mineral assemblages ranging from the zeolite to pyroxene hornfels facies around the intrusion. The most important observations are as follows. (1) The compositional change of Ca-amphiboles with increasing metamorphic grade is not straightforward. The tremolite component decreases from the prehnite–actinolite facies to the greenschist facies with a compensating tschermak component increase, but the tendency is not clear thereafter. Instead, the edenite component increases from the amphibolite facies to the pyroxene hornfels facies. (2) The most pargasitic Ca-amphibole occurs in high-Fe2+/Mg metabasite from the greenschist/amphibolite transition zone. (3) The reasons for such irregular compositional trends, even in the rather uniform MORB-like composition of the Karmutsen metabasites, are non-ideal solid solutions of Ca-amphibole at low temperature and the effective control by bulk rock composition in the amphibolite facies. (4) The data from this study support, but do not prove, a transition loop for the actinolite–hornblende compositional gap rather than a solvus. If the gap is a solvus, its shape is asymmetric, and is highly dependent on the other compositional parameters such as Fe3+/Al and Fe2+/Mg. (5) The XNaA/XA±XAb) ratios between Ca-amphibole and plagioclase are most useful as an indicator of metamorphic grade even within the amphibolite facies, and these change systematically from 0.2 to 0.5 from the greenschist to pyroxene hornfels facies. (6) The compositional trend of Ca-amphibole from the Karmutsen metabasites indicates a typical low-P/T metamorphic facies series on a Rbk–Gln–Tr–Ts diagram. 相似文献
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A catastrophic rockslide-debris flow in Wulong, Chongqing, China in 2009: background, characterization, and causes 总被引：7，自引：3，他引：4
Qiang Xu Xuanmei Fan Runqiu Huang Yueping Yin Shengshan Hou Xiujun Dong Minggao Tang 《Landslides》2010,7(1):75-87
On June 5, 2009, a catastrophic rockslide-debris flow occurred at the crest of the Jiweishan Mountain in Wulong, Chongqing,
China. Approximately five million cubic meters of limestone blocks slid along a weak interlayer of bituminous and carbonaceous
shale. The source mass descended from the upper part of the slope rapidly, crossing a 200-m wide and 50-m deep creek in front
of it. Blocked by the opposite steep creek wall, the sliding mass changed its direction and traveled a further 2.2 km along
the creek in debris-flow mode, finally forming a large accumulation zone with an average depth of 30 m. This is one of the
most catastrophic rockslide events in recent years in China. It buried 12 houses and the entrance of an iron mining tunnel
where some 27 miners were working inside. Ten people died, 64 missing, and eight wounded. Immediately after this disaster
happened, the government organized an expert team to assist the rescue work. As one of the geological experts, the author
did a lot of field investigations and collected first-hand information. Multi-methods including the remote sensing, 3D laser
scanning, geophysical exploration, and numerical modeling were used for analyzing the characteristics and the triggering mechanism
of the Wulong rockslide. The preliminary investigation results reveal that this rockslide with poor geological conditions
was mainly induced by the gravitation and the karst effect and also affected by the previous mining activities. The research
in this paper is meaningful and useful for further research on such kind of rockslides that are geologically similar to the
Wulong rockslide. 相似文献
19.
K. S. Sudhakar 《Journal of Earth System Science》1980,89(1):117-119
Pillow structures developed in serpentinite is described from the Nuggehalli schist belt, Karnataka. Chemistry of the rock
reveals that the serpentinite is a direct representation of mantle material. 相似文献
20.
夏季长江河口潮间带反硝化作用和N2O的排放与吸收 总被引：15，自引：1，他引：15
采用培养箱乙炔抑制和现场静态箱法,于夏季(7月)在长江河口潮滩潮间带进行了采样,研究表明,长江河口潮滩水体自身N2O产生速率很低,在潮汐淹没期沉积物是上覆水体N2O的来源,其来自沉积物中反硝化、硝化等氮素循环的多个反应过程,沉积物中N2O自然产生速率在0.10～8.50μmol/(m2·h)之间,反硝化速率在21.91～35.87μmol/(m2·h)之间。退潮出露期中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源犤交换速率在-11.03～13.17μmol/(m2·h)之间犦,5～10cm地温是影响N2O排放速率的显著性因素;低潮滩-大气界面N2O排放、吸收速率在-5.75～0.49μmol/(m2·h)之间。总体上看,中潮滩是大气N2O的排放源;而低潮滩对大气N2O有明显的吸收作用。潮滩植被(海三棱草和底栖藻类)的光合作用明显抑制了N2O的排放并可能导致吸收,而其呼吸作用则增加了N2O的排放,潮间带-大气界面N2O的排放和吸收与CO2的排放、吸收有显著的正相关关系。 相似文献