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本文以攀枝花机场12#滑坡Ⅱ-Ⅱ’断面治理工程为研究对象,以有限差分软件FLAC3D为研究工具,通过对坡体以及支挡结构的动力响应分析,得到如下结论:(1)坡体各测点峰值加速度出现时间稍微落后于输入地震波的峰值时间,表明由于边坡材料的阻尼作用,边坡动力响应存在滞后现象;(2)加速度放大系数总体随高程增加而增加,具有明显的高程放大效应。且突变点的存在表明支挡结构对于边坡的加速度放大效应具有一定的抑制作用;(3)外凸边坡处加速度响应较其他位置更为强烈,体现了明显的临空面放大效应;(4)地震对于抗滑桩桩身弯矩以及锚索预应力的影响不大,表明锚索抗滑桩加固边坡具有一定的抗震作用。 相似文献
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根据随机地震荷载作用下黄土动三轴试验的动剪切模量表达式和试验参数编制子程序,采用MSC.Marc软件建立有限元模型,并基于人工合成地震动时程对黄土边坡进行动力响应分析,研究输入地震波的卓越频率、幅值以及入射角变化,对黄土边坡位移、速度、应力的动力响应,分析对响应幅值、频谱的影响效应。由研究结果可见:边坡位移、速度等响应时程的卓越频率远小于地震输入波的卓越频率,边坡岩土介质对地震波的高频成分有过滤或吸收作用; 边坡的动力响应幅值极大的受地震输入波卓越频率的影响,对于给定的边坡,它将对包含某一卓越频率成分的地震动时程的动力响应异常强烈; 输入地震波幅值的变化,只引起边坡动力响应幅值的线性变化,不改变边坡中响应时程的频谱特征; 当地震波以一定角度入射时,边坡动力应力响应时程包含了更多的高频成分,位移和速度响应幅值随入射角的增大而减小,且越靠近坡顶减速越快,而应力响应幅值在坡顶与坡腰、坡脚处具有不同的影响规律; 另外,地震荷载作用方向的改变,还对边坡动力响应放大系数有较大影响,当作用力方向非竖直时,动力响应放大系数随地震波入射角的增大而减小。 相似文献
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降雨、地震作用下,隧道洞口边坡易产生严重破坏,有必要研究隧道洞口边坡及支挡结构的动力响应特性。以中国西南某隧道洞口边坡为例,通过振动台模型试验,分析降雨、地震作用下预应力锚索桩板墙加固隧道洞口边坡的动力响应与破坏模式。研究结果表明：（1）隧道洞口边坡破坏过程为坡顶张拉裂缝―坡脚剪切溃裂―边坡整体滑移破坏。由于雨水入渗,坡表土体在地震作用下易产生局部浅层破坏。边坡破坏模式为张拉-剪切型。（2）随峰值加速度增加,桩身PGA放大系数显著增大,应重视该类支护结构在地震作用下的惯性放大效应。（3）桩后峰值土压力随峰值加速度增加而增大,由“S型”分布逐渐转变为倒三角形分布。峰值加速度大于0.4g时,锚索轴力逐渐增加,充分发挥张拉作用。（4）桩土压力与加速度傅里叶谱幅值集中于低频段,地震波沿高程传播存在“高频滤波效应”。（5）桩身位移谱幅值随峰值加速度增加而逐渐增大,沿桩身向上呈增加趋势;位移谱主频分布于1～4 Hz,卓越频率为2.5 Hz,与地震荷载的主频较接近。（6）桩体加速度间的关联性较好,桩体加速度、动土压力、桩体应变、锚索轴力相关性随输入峰值加速度增加而逐渐降低。 相似文献
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为了解抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架组合结构在地震作用下的受力机制,基于四川省东北部某滑坡治理工程,采用MIDAS/GTS有限元程序建立抗滑桩—预应力锚索框架数值模型,利用位移时程曲线法对加固边坡进行稳定安全系数计算,而后输入不同峰值地震加速度（peak ground accelerations,PGA）的Wolong地震波,分析了加固边坡的加速度响应、桩锚结构内力变化以及荷载分担规律.研究结果表明,加固边坡的稳定安全系数满足规范要求,在地震作用下其上部存在潜在浅层滑面,中部和下部存在潜在深层滑面,与静力条件下加固边坡的潜在滑面分布不同,这是加速度高程放大效应所致;随着输入地震波PGA增大,加速度高程放大效应明显加强,且抗滑桩桩身弯矩和剪力增大,但其最大值出现位置不变,桩身正、负弯矩最大值分别位于距桩顶约0.7L和0.4L处,最大正、负剪力分别位于距桩顶约0.9L和0.7L处,实际工程中需注意防范抗滑桩在滑面附近发生破坏;同时随着输入地震波PGA增大,桩锚承担的荷载逐渐增大,但抗滑桩分担的下滑力比例增大,而锚索分担的下滑力比例减小,故实际工程设计中不应固定桩锚荷载分担比例. 相似文献
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《岩土力学》2017,(2):462-470
基于原型边坡设计了大型振动台模型试验,通过监测锚索轴力、桩身土压力、坡体加速度和坡面位移时程,研究多级锚索框架梁与双排抗滑桩组合结构加固含软弱夹层岩质边坡的地震动力特性。试验结果表明:在0.15g El Centro地震波激振时锚索预应力产生损失,最大损失比为23%,建议对变形等级要求较高的边坡在锚索抗震设计时适当提高预应力初始值1.2~1.3倍;沿边坡不同高度布置的锚索其轴力响应峰值几乎同一时刻到达,而峰值增加比例呈现出空间非一致性,在锚索抗震设计时应以坡体中部抗滑桩为界将边坡分为上、下区分别考虑;坡脚抗滑桩受荷段、锚固段土压力均随着输入地震波峰值加速度的增加而增大,主动土压力分布规律将由"上小下大"转变成"上大下小"的形状,被动土压力Ⅰ、Ⅱ区的分界点将向桩体下部发展;锚索与抗滑桩在地震时表现为协同工作机制,工程设计中要充分考虑地震效应对桩锚下滑力分担比的影响。该研究成果可为更加合理地考虑地震区锚索框架梁与抗滑桩组合支护结构的设计提供指导。 相似文献
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设计并完成了相似比为1:10的框架锚杆支护黄土边坡的大型振动台模型试验,通过加载不同波型、加速度峰值和持时的地震波,探讨了地震作用下模型边坡的动力响应规律,并对框架锚杆支护结构的抗震性能进行了评价。试验结果表明：框架锚杆支护结构加固黄土边坡的抗震效果是显著的,在进行框架锚杆支护结构抗震设计时需要输入不同的地震波来验证其可靠性。框架锚杆支护结构作用下,黄土边坡对地震波具有明显的滤波作用和频谱放大作用,边坡加速度响应具有临空面放大作用和垂直放大作用,随着输入地震波峰值的增大,PGA放大系数呈减小趋势,在地震输入加速度峰值较小的情况下,加速度响应出现“衰减”现象;在框架锚杆支护下,黄土边坡的位移得到了有效的约束,动土压力分布曲线呈现“双曲线型”变化,动土压力大小沿高程方向从坡脚至坡顶呈倒三角形分布。试验结果可为框架锚杆支护结构加固黄土边坡的抗震设计提供一定的参考。 相似文献
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利用大型室内模型试验,开展了含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡的静力开挖试验,试验结果表明:随着开挖角度的增大,边坡完成开挖卸荷松弛的时间大幅缩短。开挖角度为47°时,边坡位移稳定时间为214.56 h;开挖角度为60°和72°时,边坡位移稳定时间缩减为107.28 h。随着开挖角度增大,坡面位移稳定值逐渐增大,且位移稳定值随着高程的增加而增大。通过布设于坡体内部的位移传感器可以获得边坡在开挖过程中坡内及坡面的位移场,分析不同高程水平参考线处坡体位移分布曲线,并结合位移限制值可以得到边坡开挖位移松弛区范围。通过试验研究发现,含软弱夹层顺层岩质边坡开挖松弛区范围随着开挖角度的增大不断向坡脚和坡顶延伸,开挖松弛区范围增大。 相似文献
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地震作用下黄土边坡动力响应数值分析 总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1
利用FLAC3D软件对某三级黄土边坡进行了动力反应分析。首先分析了静力作用下该黄土边坡剪应变增量和坡面、坡内、坡顶不同监测点的位移;在此基础上进行动力分析,得出黄土边坡地震动力响应规律。研究结果表明,静力作用下坡面上水平向位移明显大于垂直向位移,水平向位移从坡底向上逐渐减小;坡面处位移较大,位移在每级坡坡脚稍向上一定范围内达到最大值;地震作用下黄土边坡剪应变增量由坡脚稍向上部位开始向周围扩展,范围明显增大,且随地震持时的增加剪应变增量增幅较大;塑性区变化显示该黄土边坡坡顶以拉破坏为主,坡脚稍向上开始以剪破坏为主并伴有拉破坏。黄土边坡对地震波具有临空面放大效应,地震波在坡体内传播过程中还具有滞后效应 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
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位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
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某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
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The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
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The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献