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1.
三峡地区震旦系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征 总被引：17，自引：0，他引：17
本文对三峡地区秭归庙河陡山沱组第一段至第三段，宜昌棺材崖陡山沱组第三段上部至灯影组底部以及四溪灯影组石板滩段和白马沱段碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素组成特点的研究结果表明，三峡地区震旦系碳同位素组成与全球新元古代广布的后Martinoan冰期地层δ^13C的分布模式基本一致，本文还讨论了地层中碳同位素组成与生物演化和地层层序发展的关系，指出陡山沱组一段白云岩中δ^13C的负异常可以作为震旦系底界划分的标志，最晚Varanger冰期在三峡地区由陡山沱组三段上部出现的三级层序界面所替代，震旦系内部陡山沱组一段和三段可能形成于Marinoan冰期之后，伊迪卡拉生物分异发展之前，而陡山沱组四段及上覆灯影峡组则大致与国外伊迪卡拉期地层对比。 相似文献
2.
《华南地质与矿产》2016,(2)
本文系统研究了峡东灯影峡上埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组上部至灯影组石板滩段及其区内与之同期不同相区(或古地理部位)地层岩石、生物、层序和碳同位素地层,结果发现峡东埃迪卡拉系陡山沱组—灯影组界线附近地层横向上存在台地相、高陡边缘台地边缘相和盆地相多种沉积相类型,灯影组的底界和内部划分明显受沉积相的制约,以白云岩出现为标志的灯影组底界是一个明显的穿时面。与灯影组中部存在的两次海进—海退旋回相对应不仅发生了两次δ13C的上升和下降,而且发生了两次重要的生物辐射事件,在石板滩段下部和上部分别出现了具有全球广泛对比意义的叶状埃迪卡拉动物和管状Cloudiniids动物。据此可以将峡东灯影组划分出两个可以进行全球对比的年代地层单位泗溪阶和龙灯溪阶。由于龙灯溪阶上部,继Cloudiniids消失之后,小壳化石出现之前发生了δ13C的震荡下降,并在灯影组白马沱段底部出现了最小δ13C达到-12‰的碳同位素强烈负偏离。因此,生物和碳同位素组成变化特点及其全球对比显示长江三峡地区寒武系的底界应大致与灯影峡剖面上灯影组石板滩段与白马沱段界线一致。 相似文献
3.
扬子地台灯影组碳酸盐岩中的硫和碳同位素记录 总被引：17，自引：3，他引：17
扬子地区灯影组的海相碳酸盐岩地层不仅记录了当时海水的碳同位素变化，也保存了海水的硫同位素记录，能够通过测定所提取的微量硫酸盐的硫同位素组成来获得。灯影组碳酸盐岩中微量硫酸盐的δ^34S值大部分在 20.0‰～ 38．7‰之间变化，碳酸盐岩的δ^13C值变化在 0．5‰～ 5．0‰之间。除灯影组顶、底界线处外，δ^34S和δ^13C值总体上变化幅度较小，大体上呈逐渐降低的变化趋势。灯影组碳酸盐岩中连续的硫、碳同位素记录分别反映了同期海水中溶解硫酸盐和碳酸盐的硫、碳同位素的变化特征。灯影组微量硫酸盐和碳酸盐岩的同位素特征，意味着灯影期海洋中具有高的生物产率和有机碳埋藏速率；除了顶底界线处，具有相对稳定的古气候条件和古海洋环境。灯影期海水的δ^34S值和δ^13C值同时呈逐渐降低的变化趋势，可能是由海洋深部水体逐渐氧化所致。 相似文献
4.
全球末元古系建系研究是当前国际地层学研究的重要课题之一。我国宜昌峡东地区震旦系沿江剖面研究历史悠久，已有相当深入的岩石地层、生物层及层序地层研究，并被推荐为国际未元古系候选层邓剖面之一。为进一步提高其研究精度，本文系统地研究了震旦系沿江剖面碳酸盐岩同位素化学地层，研究结果表明，陡山沱组底部“碳酸盐岩帽”的δ^13C－3．1‰－3－3．7‰，向上为正偏移，至层序Ⅲ（DS3）最大值达＋6．7‰。陡山沱组顶部（DS6）再次出现偏移－2．5‰，构成一个完整的变化周期。同时，^87Sr/^86Sr值表现出向上增大的变化，由陡山沱组度部（DS1）的0．707743逐渐增高陡山沱组顶部（DS6）的0．707965；灯影组蛤蟆井段（DS7）的δ^13C值变化在－2．45‰－＋5‰之间（DS8），至石板滩段中部再降至＋1．7‰（DS），而后基本保持在＋1．7‰－3．6‰之间平衡变动。白马沱段顶部δ^13C再次降至＋0．5‰，并有向负偏移的趋势。灯影组的^87Sr/^86Sr值依然出现由老至新递增的趋势（0．708244－0．708993）与当前国际末元古系剖面的化学地层特征基本一致。 相似文献
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通过测试分析了浙江江山灯影组碳酸盐岩的碳、氧同位素特征。结果显示δ^13C值在-2．11‰～2．71‰之间，底、顶部表现为负异常，主体部分比较平稳，变化频率不大。呈微弱的降低趋势；δ^18O值在-3．52‰～-8．76‰之间变化，整体比较平稳，从底到顶呈略降低的变化趋势。浙江江山碳、氧同位素的特征与国内外同期地层非常相似，具有全球可对比性，反映浙江江山地区在灯影初期海平面短暂下降，随后海洋环境相对稳定，直到灯影末期，与全球古环境发生强烈变化一样，本区海洋环境也发生了强烈变化。 相似文献
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层序地层研究表明，位于扬子地块西南缘的黔西南地区在中三叠世末期（相当于Ladinian-Carnian期）出现了一次与全球同步的大规模海侵，形成了一个向上变深的碳酸盐岩台地淹没沉积层序。垄头组顶部和竹竿坡组分别是海进体系域（TST）的下、上部分。碳、氧同位素研究表明，垄头组顶部自下而上δ（^18O）持续增大，而δ（^13 C）先逐渐增大，后在顶部界面附近快速下降，反映了垄头组顶部在暴露环境下氧化作用的结果。竹竿坡组δ（^13 C）自下而上逐渐增大，δ（^13 C）总体呈现逐渐减小趋势，反映了海平面变化特征。研究认为，海进体系域的δ（^13 C）和δ（^18 O）演化不但反映了海平面和沉积环境变化，同时对密集段（CS）、层序界面和古暴露面等也有很好的识别作用，在层序地层研究中具有重要的意义。 相似文献
7.
湖北宜昌峡东地区震旦系层型剖面化学地层特征及其国际对比 总被引：17，自引：2，他引：17
全球末元古系建系研究是当前国际地层学研究的重要课题之一。我国宜昌峡东地区震旦系沿江剖面研究历史悠久,已有相当深入的岩石地层、生物地层及层序地层研究,并被推荐为国际末元古系候选层序剖面之一。为进一步提高其研究精度,本文系统地研究了震旦系沿江剖面碳酸盐岩同位素化学地层。研究结果表明,陡山沱组底部“碳酸盐岩帽”的δ~(13)C为-3.1‰～-3.7‰,向上为正偏移,至层序Ⅲ(DS3)最大值达+6.7‰。陡山沱组顶部(DS6)再次出现负偏移-2.5‰,构成一个完整的变化周期。同时,~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值表现出向上增大的变化,由陡山沱组底部(DS1)的0.707743逐渐增高至陡山沱组顶部(DS6)的0.707965;灯影组蛤蟆井段(DS7)的δ~(13)C值变化在-2.5‰～+5‰之间(DS8),至石板滩段中部再次降至+1.7‰(DS10),而后基本保持在+1.7‰～3.6‰之间平稳变动。白马沱段顶部δ~(13)C再次降至+0.5‰,并有向负偏移的趋势。灯影组的~(87)Sr/~(86)Sr值依然出现由老至新递增的趋势(0.708244～0.708993)与当前国际末元古系剖面的化学地层特征基本一致。 相似文献
8.
贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面碳同位素生物地球化学研究 总被引：4，自引：0，他引：4
在对扬子地台贵州瓮安陡山沱组剖面干酪根碳同住素组成进行分析后发现其变化显示了一定的规律性。碳同住素规律变化反映了最初的沉积信息，特别是有机质埋藏量的变化。获得的陡山沱期沉积岩中碳同位素组成研究结果初步反映了震旦一寒武交变期沉积环境的面貌；碳同位素组成变化规律可以用于反映扬子地台沉积层序和世界同期地层全球碳循环的对比和参考。为扬子区陡山沱期环境变化和生物演化提供了证据。δ^13Cker值在-32．3‰和-24．5‰(PDB)间漂移与δ^13Ccarb值在-4．9‰和3．6‰(PDB)间的变化，反映了当时海水的碳同位素组成。无机和有机碳同位素组成之差的△δorg-carb值沿剖面不断变化，是由于沉积有机质中有促进发酵功能的细菌数量比例变化所致。 相似文献
9.
浙江江山石炭-二叠系碳酸盐岩碳氧同位素特征研究 总被引：14，自引：6，他引：8
对浙江江山石头山剖面船山组、栖霞组碳酸盐岩进行了 C、O同位素测定. Mn/Sr比值、δ18O值和δ18O-δ13C散点图检验表明,所得同位素数据反映了碳酸盐岩的原始沉积特征.δ13C和δ18O值变化范围分别为- 5.4‰～ 4.4‰和- 12.2‰～- 5.6‰,平均值分别为 0.5‰和- 8.4‰ .在石炭纪-二叠纪分界线附近没有发生明显的同位素漂移现象.本区碳同位素地层曲线与根据沉积微相推断的海平面变化曲线十分吻合,表现为δ13C高值区海水变深.海水在剖面上的变化规律是浅-中等-较深-中等,相应的δ13C演化曲线表现为波谷段-具次级起伏的相对平缓段-波峰段-平缓段.栖霞组台坪相δ13C值大于船山组台坪相,而且曲线较平直,反映海水较深且环境较稳定.研究区地层记录中的海平面从早到晚逐渐增高,与全球海平面变化曲线不一致,可能与浙皖海盆发生过整体沉降有关.这一区域性差异也在碳同位素记录中得到印证,本区晚石炭世晚期-早二叠世早期δ13C值从老到新慢慢增大,最后再略为下降,演化趋势与 Veizer et al.的碳同位素年代演化曲线相反,说明碳同位素演化在一定程度上能反映区域地壳演变状况. 相似文献
10.
研究了若尔盖铀矿田中灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的碳氧同位素组成,结果表明产于地层中的灰岩、硅灰岩及方解石脉的δ13C值为-1.48‰～3.18‰,平均为1.51‰,为海洋沉积碳酸盐岩的碳同位素组成特征;δ18O值为-12.81‰～-3.71‰,平均为-9.92‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最高.与成矿作用关系最为密切的含矿方解石脉δ13C值为-2.78‰～-4.81‰,平均为-3.93‰,明显表现为地幔来源的特点;δ18O值为-13.14‰～-15.05‰,平均为-13.87‰,其值在铀矿田中介于地层中岩石(脉)与矿区方解石脉之间.矿区方解石脉的δ13C值为-3.53‰～-6.35‰,平均为-4.93‰,与含矿方解石脉的碳同位素组成相近,表明其亦是成矿作用的产物;δ18O值为-16.00‰～-24.75‰,平均为-19.36‰,在铀矿田中δ18O值最低,明显表现为深部来源特征.综合若尔盖铀矿田的碳氧同位素组成特征,暗示其成矿流体应当来源于地幔. 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
12.
E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
13.
奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献