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松潘—甘孜褶皱带较场弧形构造特征及其大地构造意义 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
根据详细野外露头特征及显微构造特征将较场弧形带由南向北分为三个变形带:弧顶部、弧核部和弧翼部,不同分带具有明显不同的变形特征。由南向北变形特征由以塑性变形为主过渡为脆性变形为主,变质流体活动喜马拉雅构造期活动强烈,且向北逐渐增强;弧核部以叠瓦状逆冲构造特征分隔弧顶和弧翼部;弧翼部东西两翼变形及变质流体活动特征具有一定差异性。较场弧形带总体体现出多期次南北向挤压—张性应力变形构造特征,叠加北西—北北西向同构造期挤压变质运动,其宏观和微观变形特征与典型"走滑成因"模式弧形构造特征相异,为其大地构造成因机制的解释提出了新的限制条件。 相似文献
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新疆觉罗塔格韧性挤压带发育于吐哈地块和中天山地块之间石炭系东西向火山-沉积建造中,由一组走向东西、产状陡立的透入性片理组成。眼球状结构、平行带状结构和菱形网状结构是韧性挤压带不同构造区亚带的排布格式,它们相对变形带主界面而言具有很好的对称性。片理构造、拉伸线理构造、同生褶皱构造、布丁构造、压力影构造、碎斑构造、粒内面理构造、位错构造和矿物光轴优选定向等韧性构造形迹发育,这些不同尺度的韧性变形构造形迹的组构都具以片理面为对称面而呈现出对称的特征。韧性挤压带横分为3个亚带,3个亚带岩石形变相变和应力应变等方面都呈横向对称状分布。“奶油饼”结构是韧性挤压带的应变结构。该韧性挤压带成因于南北两侧吐哈地块和中天山地块的南北向水平共轴挤压作用,形成于255Ma至280Ma(早二叠世),压扁机制是该韧性变形带的变形机制,它的力学性质表明该韧性变形带不应属于南北两大板块之间的俯冲-剪切带,其成因可能与板块孤后盆地的对称开合有关。 相似文献
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米仓山构造带东西向的断裂逆冲兼左旋走滑,西段的韧性变形较强,东段脆性为主。北东向三个主断裂带由北而南逆冲兼左行剪切,早期可能发生脆韧性变形,后期叠加了脆性变形。前震旦系基底岩系变形特征主要表现为透入性流变,碎斑结构和糜棱结构发育,镶嵌构造、S-C组构、带状构造、眼球构造为主,局部偶见"δ"和"σ"旋转碎斑以及矿物鱼。石英颗粒以亚颗粒旋转动态重结晶为主。显微特征反映岩石变形温度相当于绿片岩相。利用Fry法测定石英颗粒三维应变应变强度集中在1.35～1.60之间,显示出从北到南逐渐增强的趋势。Flinn指数K和Nadei-Hossack图解均表明应变类型为近似平面应变的拉长型。运动学涡度分析表明米仓山应变以简单剪切变形作用为主,具有由南向北递增趋势。 相似文献
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桂中坳陷北部河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带分析 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对典型实测地质剖面的综合构造解释和变形缩短量的估算,发现河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带在逆冲方向、构造样式和变形缩短强度上具有明显的分段性:河池段和宜山段变形强度中等,变形样式分别为由北向南逆冲的逆冲—推覆构造和叠瓦状构造;柳城段变形强度最大,为由南向北逆冲的叠瓦状构造;英山段变形最弱,为由北向南逆冲兼有走滑性质的正花状构造。河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带内部发育的横向调节带和纵向传递带对不同区段构造样式和变形强度具有调节作用。最后,结合区域变形特征,探讨了河池—宜山褶皱—冲断带差异变形的成因机制。 相似文献
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大巴山构造带位于秦岭造山带南部,一直被认为是华北、扬子板块碰撞带前陆逆冲 推覆构造带。研究表明,位于城口-房县断裂之南的大巴山弧形构造带,经历了两次明显的叠加变形过程。大巴山弧形构造带由轴向弧形延伸的线状褶皱与弧形弯曲的逆冲断层组成(D2),是南大巴山主期变形产物。弧形构造带西段褶皱轴向为北北西-近南北向,叠加在先前轴向近东西向的开阔宽缓的褶皱(D1)之上,形成典型横跨叠加构造。弧形构造带中段和东段,褶皱轴向逐渐转变为近东西向。构造填图显示,在弧形带形成之前,发生过一期轴向北东到北北东向褶皱为主的变形(D1)。据变形序列、卷入的地层以及区域构造关系判断,西段与中、东段D1变形时代均为晚三叠世-早侏罗世,很可能与华北、扬子的碰撞相关。而相关的地质、同位素年代学及磷灰石裂变径迹资料显示,大巴山弧形构造带主期变形(D2)的变形时代为晚侏罗世-早白垩世(160~110 Ma),所以大巴山弧形构造带记录了两期不同系统构造变形的叠加,这对研究秦岭造山带的演化,具有重要意义。 相似文献
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显微构造研究方法在韧性剪切带遥感分析中的应用 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对东天山地区韧性剪切带宏观构造特征和显微构造特征的对比,证明区域构造和显微构造在几何学和运动学方面具有相似性;进而采用显微构造研究方法,借助遥感技术对该区的韧性剪切带进行了研究。在构造样式、运动指向、位移量方面,研究结果均与前人在同一地区的野外调查及显微鉴定成果基本吻合。因此,一种变形机制下形成的不同尺度的构造形迹,存在高度相关的内在成因联系;对于不同的观察平台,构造尺度的大小是相对的。遥感与显微技术相结合是一种比较实用的新型构造研究方法。 相似文献
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佳-伊断裂带韧性变形特征 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
佳木斯-伊通 ( 佳-伊) 断裂带是郯-庐断裂带北段的西支,控制着佳-伊地堑内各盆地的展布。笔者在佳-伊断裂带中部舒兰水曲柳地区发现一条近 NNE 向的韧性剪切带。结合显微构造分析认为,该剪切带主要由初糜棱岩-糜棱岩组成,具有左行走滑的特征。对研究区内韧性剪切带中的糜棱岩进行有限应变测量 ( Fry 法) ,认为该剪切带应变类型为伸展应变,岩石类型表现为 L/LS 型构造岩; 对糜棱岩样品进行石英 C 轴 EBSD 分析,同样指示佳-伊断裂带中段具有左行走滑的构造特征,石英组构以中低温菱面为主,滑移系为 {101} ＜110 ＞ 。结合前人研究资料,推测佳-伊断裂带中段左行走滑时间为早白垩世中、晚期,形成机制与西太平洋伊泽纳崎板块由 NWW 转变为 NNW 向欧亚大陆的高速俯冲有关。 相似文献
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中部地壳剪切带花岗质岩石变形及其对于构造-岩浆关系的约束:以滇西点苍山为例 总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0
哀牢山-红河剪切带剪切时间的厘定至今存在较多的争议,争议的本质更确切地说是对于剪切带内及其附近剪切作用与岩浆作用认识的差异。点苍山杂岩是位于哀牢山-红河剪切带北端的一个杂岩体,由西部的深变质岩、东部的叠加退变质带和不同时代的花岗质岩石组成。为了正确厘定剪切前、剪切期(包括剪切前期和剪切后期)、剪切后花岗质岩脉,剪切作用过程中构造变形与岩浆作用之间的关系,同时对哀牢山-红河剪切带剪切时间进行新的约束,本文围绕点苍山杂岩开展详细的宏观构造解析、显微构造观察和组构分析,以查明岩体(脉)岩浆流动构造和晶质塑性变形构造,同时对同剪切岩脉开展锆石U-Pb学分析。结果显示,剪切不同阶段就位的花岗质岩石具有不同的宏观构造、显微构造与组构特征。现今所见岩石变形构造、显微构造和组构特点一方面取决于递进剪切变形作用过程中的时间早晚,另一方面还与它们在递进剪切变形作用过程中的构造位置有密切联系。获得两组同剪切年龄为28.54±0.15Ma和27.31±0.23Ma,其中前者为剪切早期阶段同就位的花岗岩脉,后者为剪切稍晚阶段同就位的花岗岩。研究揭示出就位较晚的岩脉(即后者)因其位于递进剪切变形的高应变带而具有较为复杂的变形构造、显微构造和组构型式,就位较早的岩脉(前者)因在递进剪切变形作用过程中位于低应变带而具有简单的变形构造、显微构造和组构型式,并仍然保留有岩浆结晶组构特点。哀牢山-红河剪切带在28.54~27.31Ma间持续发生着从早期阶段较高温(~700℃),向中期阶段中高温(550~600℃)和晚期阶段低温(低于400℃)环境的递进剪切变形作用。 相似文献
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本文以乌拉山金矿113号含金石英脉为例,论述了含金剪切带岩石的显微构造特征。通过对含金石英脉近百个岩石薄片的系统分析鉴定,对组成含金石英脉的主要矿物(石英、长石)和典型显微构造进行对比,分析了含金石英脉显微构造的演化过程和变形机制。研究表明,113号含金石英脉是通过韧性变形,后期转化为脆性变形所形成的应变石英脉,是早期无金石英经变形改造和金矿化作用的结果,属含金剪切带的一种特殊情况,即再活动的产物。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
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《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
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Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
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Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献