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1.
鲁苏西矿床位于刚果(金)加丹加外侧褶皱推覆带,属层控型铜钴矿床。矿床产出于新元古代加丹加超群矿山组还原性地层中,按层序关系分为三层矿体,即坎莫托段底部、白云岩化页岩段底部和刚波夫段底部,矿床受卢非利安造山活动的推覆挤压作用而呈向斜形态。矿石类型分为硫化矿和氧化矿,其中硫化矿主要矿石矿物有黄铜矿、硫铜钴矿、辉铜矿、硫钴矿等,矿化类型主要为浸染状、平行层理细脉状和脉状矿化,前两种矿化为成岩期(821～762 Ma)盆地卤水中的铜钴离子经生物还原作用沉淀形成,后者是由于卢非利安造山期(600～530 Ma)的推覆挤压作用促使早期硫化物再活化、运移并经热化学还原作用形成;氧化矿主要矿石矿物为孔雀石、硅孔雀石、菱钴矿和水钴矿,是在表生期低温(<50°C)流体作用下,经过硫化物氧化、流体酸中和、次生铜钴氧化物沉淀三个过程形成,由于铜钴元素的迁移性差异,形成氧化带上钴下铜的分层矿化特征。 相似文献
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内蒙古拜仁达坝铅-锌-银矿床:元素分带及其成因 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
内蒙中东部拜仁达坝矿床是一个以石炭纪石英闪长岩及锡林浩特杂岩为赋矿围岩的断裂充填型热液脉状铅-锌-银多金属矿床。矿床分东西两个矿段,拜东矿区1号矿体及拜西矿区3号矿体是矿床的主要矿体。矿体沿着走向方向具有明显的矿化分带特征,锌-铜矿石、锌矿石及铅-锌-银矿石依次从矿化中心向外侧产出。代表性矿体拜东矿区1号矿体的块段金属量、平均品位及元素比值由西向东沿着走向方向显示出明显而系统的变化规律。锌的块段金属量由西向东逐渐减少,铅和银的矿段金属量则先增加后下降;锌的块段平均品位由西向东逐渐降低,铅和银的块段平均品位则先上升随后下降;Ag/Pb值先上升随后下降,Ag/Zn和Pb/Zn值则逐渐上升。这种矿化的分带性可能是成矿热液在中偏高温向低温演化的过程中,沿着矿体的走向方向从矿化中心向外侧运移,在矿体不同位置有选择地将成矿物质卸载的结果。而成矿热液在断裂系统内与不同比例大气水的混合则可能是成矿系统内温度梯度形成的重要原因。矿床中不同位置的矿物组合记录了成矿热液中硫逸度由高向低,pH值由低向高的演化过程。拜仁达坝矿床与邻近的维拉斯托矿床组成了一个由温度场控制的具有明显矿化分带现象的低硫化热液脉状多金属成矿系统。 相似文献
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矽卡岩型金属矿床是内蒙古东南部重要的矿床类型,集中分布在黄岗梁－乌兰浩特铜多金属成矿带西南段,其代表性矿床有白音诺铅锌矿床和浩布高铅锌铜锡矿床以及黄岗铁锡矿床,是中国北方重要的铅锌矿和锡矿产地。总结、分析了此类型矿床中的代表性金属矿床的物化探勘查方法及其有效性,建立了矽卡岩型金属矿床地、物、化综合找矿模式。此类金属矿床多分布于黄岗－乌兰浩特铜多金属成矿带西南段二叠系大理岩或结晶灰岩夹层内,其受构造作用形成的复背斜轴部的虚脱部位是赋矿的有利场所。金属矿化特别是铅锌矿化与锰钙质辉石矽卡岩关系密切。矿床所在地区主要地层和酸性侵入岩类主要金属元素Cu、Pb、Zn、Ag、Sn的质量分数均大大高于背景值,并在矿带、矿化蚀变带和出露矿体上呈现高强度、衬度高、分带清晰的局部异常。成晕元素具有较好的分带性：矿体前缘晕为As、Sb、Hg、Pb、F;尾晕为Sn、W、Mo。矿体和矿化矽卡岩上常呈现高极化率、高磁力、高重力、低电阻率（三高一低）的组合异常特征。 相似文献
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云南维西大宝山铜矿区位于青藏高原东南缘,哀牢山-金沙江构造带西北部雪龙山成矿带中,是典型的中低温热液矿床。矿区主要包括望香台及滑石板矿段,根据矿床、矿体特征及详尽的镜下观察,将矿石类型划分为氧化矿、硫化矿及混合矿。氧化矿主要包括孔雀石及蓝铜矿,多分布在望香台矿段中浅部,是辉铜矿次生氧化富集作用的结果,出露形式多以混合矿产出;硫化矿主要包括辉铜矿及黄铜矿,且独立组成不同的矿物组合类型,分别为望香台矿段、滑石板矿段的主要矿石矿物。不同的矿石组合类型所含矿物种类、矿石结构构造不尽相同。通过对不同样品进行化学分析测试,发现在硫化矿辉铜矿等矿物组合中,Cu品位越高,相应Ag品位越高,存在一定的线性关系;而在硫化矿黄铜矿矿体中,Ag含量与Cu品位无相应关系;混合矿(辉铜矿、孔雀石及蓝铜矿)中此类关系更加显著。此外,辉铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿单矿物矿石及混合矿矿石中含有硫砷铜银矿、深红银矿、雌黄及雄黄等伴生矿物,而黄铜矿中矿物种类较为单一。综合矿区地质特征、矿体分布特征、矿物组合类型认为,矿区中辉铜矿、孔雀石、蓝铜矿等组合类型为含银矿物的主要载体。 相似文献
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谦比希铜矿床为赞比亚铜带省谦比希盆地北部的一个超大型矿床。通过对谦比希铜矿西矿体勘查资料特别是近些年矿区深部勘查最新的新成果的分析整理,系统总结了矿床地质特征,进而分析了控矿因素与成矿规律。其结果表明：已探明的西矿体中部长约1300 m,沿倾向最长延深约1800 m,矿体厚度3～40 m,平均品位2%,保有铜金属50万吨,矿石类型主要为硫化矿和氧化矿,并以原生硫化矿石为主。研究认为：矿化主要受地层岩性、盆地的基底构造形态、古地理环境等因素控制,其成矿规律表现：(1)矿体在下罗恩亚群的板岩和片岩中呈层状产出;(2)西矿体主体和主矿体一样,主要发育在大的基底凹陷部位,且品位较高、厚度较大的矿段往往与盆地边缘的次级凹陷有关,而地表和浅部把西矿体和主矿体分开的“古代山”是隐伏的基底花岗岩隆起区域,在这个基底隆起区域的上覆地层沉积厚度小,矿体变薄甚至尖灭;(3)矿化分布具垂向分带和水平分带规律,并与沉积相变化密切相关。研究成果可为该矿床下步的勘查找矿工作提供参考。 相似文献
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四川省九龙县黑牛洞铜锌矿的矿床地质特征、成因及其成矿时代 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过野外填图、坑探和钻探以及室内测试、研究认为:黑牛洞铜锌矿床原来可能是一个形成于中元古代大陆被动边缘裂谷的大型甚至特大型海相火山块状硫化物矿床;含矿围岩是糜棱岩、千糜岩、糜棱片岩、变晶糜棱岩、变粒岩、浅粒岩和构造蚀变岩,剪切型矿化和蚀变带包裹了矿体,原岩是石英砂岩、泥质石英粉砂岩、泥质岩和硅质岩夹基性火山岩、少量中—酸性、酸性火山岩,经过变质达到高绿片岩相—低角闪岩相.以块状、角砾状和准块状矿石为主的矿床是富铜矿,矿石的铜平均品位为1.68％,锌品位平均为1.53％;矿化与褪色带、硅化关系密切.矿化类型以广泛发育韧性剪切带型浸染状矿化岩或矿石(分别简称剪切型矿化岩或矿石)为特色,具有与糜棱岩、千糜岩相同的变形特征,可见两期以上的金属矿物透镜体、变形条带和不协调微褶皱.矿床具有原地韧性变形改造、变质再生矿床的特点;矿石、矿体的围岩和氢、氧、硫、铅、硅同位素特征显示,块状、准块状和角砾状矿石的矿质基本来源于剪切型矿化岩或矿石,是变质生成矿床,也是原矿石的再生矿床,而剪切型矿化岩或矿石可能是中元古代海底火山-裂谷作用形成的火山块状硫化物矿床经过多期韧性变形、变质改造形成的,是溶解为主的化学再活化的残余.构造改造、再生矿床的成矿时代为134.26±0.5Ma.,形成于燕山晚期. 相似文献
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《地质科技情报》2021,40(2)
青海省柴达木盆地北缘锡铁山铅锌矿是我国大型的喷流沉积型(SEDEX)矿床,赋矿围岩主要是大理岩和片岩,浅部主要为大理岩型矿体,深部主要为片岩型矿体。系统描述了不同矿石类型中铅锌矿体与黄铁矿的空间共生关系、矿体空间形态三维变化规律;利用局部奇异性分析方法、相关性分析方法对矿区Pb、Zn、Ag、Au等成矿元素物质场结构特征及变化趋势进行了系统分析,2种分析方法均可表现元素物质场不同的结构特征,即:Pb、Zn、Au元素整体上沿着矿体的侧伏方向仍然有明显的向深部富集的趋势,且不受大理岩的影响,在片岩中物质场所反映的元素富集程度依然很强;Ag元素整体上从浅部到深部在矿化空间内均有明显的不连续富集特征。锡铁山铅锌矿水平方向上元素分带由远至近(由西向东)依次为Mn-Fe-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au,垂向上元素分带由上到下依次为Mn-S-Ag-Pb-Zn-S-Au,同时系统研究了成矿元素物质场中元素富集结构的变化规律,分析讨论了锡铁山深部找矿潜力。 相似文献
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小柳沟铜钨矿田矿化特征及找矿方向 总被引：4，自引：6，他引：4
小柳沟铜钨矿田现已发现矿床4处，小柳沟铜钨矿床以赋存于云母角闪片岩，夕卡岩，夕卡岩化灰岩中的似层状矿化为主，矿体规模较大，品位高，矿物成分复杂，围岩蚀变发育，世纪铜钨矿床仅以云母角闪片岩中似层状矿化为主，矿体规模较大，品位较高，矿物成分较简单，围岩蚀变较发育。祁宝铜钨矿床以赋存于岩体接触带中夕卡岩型矿化为主，矿体规模较小，品位低，矿石成分简单，围岩蚀变较发育。贵山铜钨矿床以云母角闪片岩中似层状矿化为主，矿体规模小，品位较低，矿石成分简单，围岩蚀变较发育。其找矿方向为：小柳沟铜钨矿床西部，世纪铜钨矿床西部及北部，贵山铜钨矿床东部云母角闪片岩，灰岩及Ⅰ－Ⅱ级重砂异常分布区，花岗岩体接触带各石英脉。 相似文献
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罗卜岭矿床是与晚中生代花岗闪长斑岩体有关的隐伏斑岩型铜钼矿床, 矿区位于紫金山矿田的东北部; 铜钼矿体主要产于绿泥石化-绢英岩化和(弱)钾化-绢英岩化带中, 矿石矿物组合为黄铜矿+辉钼矿; 少量过渡类型矿体产于高级泥化带中, 矿石矿物组合为蓝辉铜矿+铜蓝+辉钼矿。罗卜岭矿区的原生晕地球化学三维模型显示, 微量元素具有一定的分带特征, 低温元素Au与高温元素组合W、Sn、Bi分布于矿体上方, 中低温元素Pb、Zn、Ag分布于Cu、Mo元素之间; 元素直观垂向分带序列大致为: (As、Sb、Hg)-(W、Bi、Sn)-Ga-Au、Ba-Cu、Ag-Pb、Zn-Mn-Mo; 前缘晕的元素与氧化物组合为As、Sb、Au、Ga、Al2O3, 矿体近矿晕元素组合为Ag、Pb、Zn, 缺失尾晕元素组合; Cu、Mo可直接作为找矿指示元素, Au、Ag、Pb、Zn、As、Sb、Ga、Ba、Mn可作为间接指示元素, 矿床深部K2O正异常与Al2O3负异常可作为斑岩型铜钼矿的重要找矿标志, 这一规律对紫金山矿田深部和外围隐伏斑岩型矿体的勘查工作具有重要的参考意义。 相似文献
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S. Viswanathan K. Surya Prakash Rao B. Mahabaleswar 《Journal of the Geological Society of India》2013,82(6):621-627
Komatiites are mantle-derived ultramafic volcanic rocks. Komatiites have been discovered in several States of India, notably in Karnataka. Studies on the distribution of trace-elements in the komatiites of India are very few. This paper proposes a simple, accurate, precise, rapid, and non-destructive wavelength-dispersive x-ray fluorescence (WDXRF) spectrometric technique for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in komatiites, and discusses the accuracy, precision, limits of detection, x-ray spectral-line interferences, inter-element effects, speed, advantages, and limitations of the technique. The accuracy of the technique is excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th and very good (within 4%) for Y. The precision is also excellent (within 3%) for Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th. The limits of detection are: 1 ppm for Sc and V; 2 ppm for Cr, Co, and Ni; 3 ppm for Cu, Zn, Rb, and Sr; 4 ppm for Y and Zr; 6 ppm for Nb; 10 ppm for Ba; 13 ppm for Pb; and 14 ppm for Th. The time taken for determining Sc, V, Cr, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Rb, Sr, Y, Zr, Nb, Ba, Pb, and Th in a batch of 24 samples of komatiites, for a replication of four analyses per sample, by one operator, using a manual WDXRF spectrometer, is only 60 hours. 相似文献
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E. M. Prasolov S. A. Sergeev B. V. Belyatsky E. S. Bogomolov K. A. Gruzdov I. N. Kapitonov R. Sh. Krymsky V. O. Khalenev 《Geochemistry International》2018,56(1):46-64
This paper reports the first results of a study of 11 isotope systems (3He/4He, 40Ar/36Ar, 34S/32S, 65Cu/63Cu, 62Ni/60Ni, 87Sr/86Sr, 143Nd/144Nd, 206–208Pb/204Pb, Hf–Nd, U–Pb, and Re–Os) in the rocks and ores of the Cu–Ni–PGE deposits of the Norilsk ore district. Almost all the results were obtained at the Center of Isotopic Research of the Karpinskii All-Russia Research Institute of Geology. The use of a number of independent genetic isotopic signatures and comprehensive isotopic knowledge provided a methodic basis for the interpretation of approximately 5000 isotopic analyses of various elements. The presence of materials from two sources, crust and mantle, was detected in the composition of the rocks and ores. The contribution of the crustal source is especially significant in the paleofluids (gas–liquid microinclusions) of the ore-forming medium. Crustal solutions were probably a transport medium during ore formation. Air argon is dominant in the ores, which indicates a connection between the paleofluids and the atmosphere. This suggests intense groundwater circulation during the crystallization of ore minerals. The age of the rocks and ores of the Norilsk deposits was determined. The stage of orebody formation is restricted to a narrow age interval of 250 ± 10 Ma. An isotopic criterion was proposed for the ore-bearing potential of mafic intrusions in the Norilsk–Taimyr region. It includes several interrelated isotopic ratios of various elements: He, Ar, S, and others. 相似文献
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奥地利安东帕有限公司 《岩矿测试》2009,28(3):306-306
最新的流行病学研究表明,空气中较高浓度的悬浮细颗粒可能对人类的健康有不利的影响。根据该项研究显示,由于心脏病、慢性呼吸问题和肺功能指标恶化而导致死亡率的升高与细尘粒子有关。这些研究结果已经促使欧盟于1999年4月出台了限制空气中二氧化硫、二氧化氮、氧化氮、铅和颗粒物含量的法案(1999/30/EC),对各项指标包括对可吸入PM10颗粒的浓度提出了新的限制性指标。PM10颗粒是指可以通过预分级器分离采集的气体动力学直径小于10μm的细颗粒。目前研究的兴趣重点逐步偏向PM2.5这些更细微颗粒物,PM2.5这种颗粒物对健康有明显的不利影响。在欧盟指令2008/50/EC中,对PM10和PM2.5都提 相似文献
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Mining induced subsidence can significantly affect mining costs where major surface facilities and natural environment need to be protected. Overburden grout injection is a technology used to control coal mine subsidence by injecting the mine waste material extracted from the coal back into the inter-burden rock during longwall mining. The flowing slurry is here categorised as a nonlinear viscous cohesive (Bingham plastic) fluid. During longwall mining the grout slurry is pumped into the separated beds of the rock mass through a central vertical borehole, which is drilled deep into the inter-burden rock strata above the coal seam. However, a blockage can occur in the injection system when the slurry velocity falls below a certain critical threshold velocity, indicating a material phase change from cohesive-viscous to cohesive-frictional. In situ field injection tests through boreholes have been simulated at a smaller scale at the CSIRO laboratory in Brisbane by pumping the slurry through a radial disk (gap = 4 mm) from its centre. Laboratory experiments indicate a general, nonlinear, cohesive, viscous, frictional model for shear behaviour of the slurry, in which the material shear parameters are functions of the disk radial distance. Complete dimensional and dimensionless analytical solutions have been developed based on an approach related to Bingham–Herschel–Bulkley fluid mechanics. The derived formulae include relations for minimum pump pressure, local pressure and pressure gradient, wall shear stress, volume rate, velocity and velocity gradient. The theoretical results match the experimental measurements. The experiments covered slurries with maximum particle sizes of 0.5 to 2 mm with about 50% being larger than 100 µm. The viscosities at the various solids concentrations were measured with a standard torsion viscometer. This study differs from the previous research in several distinct aspects, namely, consideration of the variable shear parameters rather than fixed values, inclusion of total nonlinear behaviour, and implementation of a friction function to mimic behaviour of the deposited and consolidating stiff slurry, which can cause a significant pressure rise as a result of the increased shear resistance. 相似文献
18.
《Applied Geochemistry》2001,16(2):137-159
Five hundred and ninety-eight samples of terrestrial moss (Hylocomium splendens and Pleurozium schreberi) collected from a 188,000 km2 area of the central Barents region (NE Norway, N Finland, NW Russia) were analysed by ICP-AES and ICP-MS. Analytical results for Al, B, Ba, Ca, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, P, Rb, Si, Sr, Th, U and Y concentrations are reported here. Graphical methods of data analysis, such as geochemical maps, cumulative frequency diagrams, boxplots and scatterplots, are used to interpret the origin of the patterns for these elements. None of the elements reported here are emitted in significant amounts from the smelting industry on the Kola Peninsula. Despite the conventional view that moss chemistry reflects atmospheric element input, the nature of the underlying mineral substrate (regolith or bedrock) is found to have a considerable influence on moss composition for several elements. This influence of the chemistry of the mineral substrate can take place in a variety of ways. (1) It can be completely natural, reflecting the ability of higher plants to take up elements from deep soil horizons and shed them with litterfall onto the surface. (2) It can result from naturally increased soil dust input where vegetation is scarce due to harsh climatic conditions for instance. Alternatively, substrate influence can be enhanced by human activity, such as open-cast mining, creation of ‘technogenic deserts’, or handling, transport and storage of ore and ore products, all of which magnify the natural elemental flux from bedrock to ground vegetation. Seaspray is another natural process affecting moss composition in the area (Mg, Na), and this is most visible in the Norwegian part of the study area. Presence or absence of some plant species, e.g., lichens, seems to influence moss chemistry. This is shown by the low concentrations of B or K in moss on the Finnish and Norwegian side of the (fenced) border with Russia, contrasting with high concentrations on the other side (intensive reindeer husbandry west of the border has selectively depleted the lichen population). 相似文献
19.
Marta L. PATINO-DOUCE Alberto PATINO-DOUCE Mazhar QAYYUM Roger L. NIELSEN 《Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research》1994,18(2):195-198
We have developed a set of four synthetic standards for the rare earth and high field strength elements designed for use in the determination of those elements in silicates. The base material is a glass nominally at the eutectic of the MgO-Al2 O3 -SiO2 ternary system. The nominal doping level was 2 wt% of the elements as oxides. To avoid problems associated with peak interference, the elements were doped in four separate glasses. 相似文献
20.
Alexander E. C. Broberg J. S. Kehren A. R. Graziani M. M. Turri W. L. 《Environmental Geology》1993,22(4):353-361
Bellechester, Minnesota, is a small community of approximately 155 residents located on the county line between Goodhue and Wabasha counties in southeast Minnesota's karst region. Bellechester is served by a 21-year-old wastewater treatment facility (WWTF) consisting of three waste-stabilization ponds. On 28 April 1992 six sinkholes were discovered to have drained cell 2 of the WWTF resulting in the loss of approximately 8.7×106 1 of partially treated effluent and about 600 m3 of soil into previously undetected subsurface voids of unknown dimensions. In the week following the collapse, approximately 200 water wells located within a 5-km radius of the WWTF were sampled in an after-the-fact, emergency sampling program. Twelve samples with elevated fecal coliform levels, 18 samples with nitrate-nitrogen greater than the 10 mg/1 standard, and no samples with elevated chlorides were found. However, the elevated levels could not be unambiguously attributed to the WWTF collapse. This is the third WWTF to fail by sinkhole collapse in southeast Minnesota since 1974. All three collapsed lagoons have been located in similar geomorphic and stratigraphic settings. However, at least two lagoons have collapsed in the adjacent area in northeast Iowa, and these lagoons are located at different stratigraphic positions. Twenty-two WWTFs constructed in southeast Minnesota's karst region in the last 25 years have been identified as subject to potential sinkhole collapse. An unknown but significant number of manure storage lagoons, flood control structures, etc., have also been constructed in the karst region and are at risk. Public agencies are beginning to develop plans to deal with the risk associated with existing and future waste lagoons in this environment. The critical hydrogeologic parameters that can be used to prioritize the risk of collapse at existing facilities include: (1) the lithology of the first bedrock beneath each lagoon, (2) the thickness of surficial materials between the lagoon and the bedrock surface, (3) the presence and construction of liners (seepage rate), and (4) the proximity to existing sinkholes. 相似文献