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1.
西南三江永平卓潘碱性杂岩体源区与形成机制:全岩元素、锆石U-Pb年代学和Hf同位素联合约束 总被引：4，自引：4，他引：0
永平卓潘碱性杂岩体是三江特提斯新生代钾质岩浆带重要组成部分,位于兰坪盆地西缘。岩石类型主要为正长辉石岩、辉石正长岩、正长岩以及少量霞石正长岩。岩石化学性质显示高碱、高K_2O/Na_2O比值、低TiO_2和高Al_2O_3的特征。岩体微量元素显示富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),相对亏损高场强元素(HFSE)元素,特别是"Ta-Nb-Ti"负异常更明显,具有典型俯冲带岩浆的特征。稀土总含量都比较高,LREE富集,HLEE相对亏损,Eu负异常不明显或无Eu负异常,(La/Yb)_N值较大介于38.2～80.3之间。对卓潘岩体的正长岩和正长辉石岩2个样品进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年,年龄分别为33.40±0.38Ma和34.22±0.33Ma。正长辉石岩εHf(t)值介于-10.6～-4.3之间,二阶段模式年龄在1356～1759Ma之间。卓潘碱性杂岩体不同岩性的稀土元素配分曲线和微量元素原始地幔标准化图解基本一致,表明卓潘碱性杂岩体不同类型的岩石是同源岩浆演化的产物。岩体的Nb/U均值为2.95介于俯冲带流体和全球俯冲沉积物之间以及岩体微量元素明显亏损高场强元素Ti、Nb、Ta,稀土元素表现为轻稀土富集、无或弱的负Ce和负Eu异常,暗示了岩浆源区存在俯冲的洋壳或陆壳沉积物的流体或熔融体与岩石圈地幔的交代富集作用。岩浆源区经历晚石炭世-晚二叠世(305～250Ma)古特提斯昌宁-孟连洋和古特提斯金沙江-哀牢山洋双向俯冲,岩石圈地幔发生富集作用并形成富钾的交代岩石圈地幔。在新生代,新特提斯洋岩石圈从印度大陆岩石圈断离,引发交代富集大陆岩石圈地幔拆沉,热的软流圈上涌,熔融交代的富钾岩石圈地幔,岩浆侵位分异形成卓潘岩体。 相似文献
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本文对青海南山构造带西段黑马河花岗杂岩体中的石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩以及花岗闪长岩中的暗色微粒包体进行了详细的岩石学、岩石地球化学和LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年代学研究。结果表明,花岗闪长岩及暗色微粒包体的结晶年龄分别为244.4±1.1 Ma和243.0±1.2 Ma,表明岩体形成于中三叠世早期。石英闪长岩和花岗闪长岩为准铝质高钾钙碱性系列,暗色微粒包体为高钾钙碱性—钾玄岩系列,稀土元素配分曲线均具有轻重稀土明显分异的右倾特征,具弱负Eu异常(δEu=0.65~0.83),富集大离子亲石元素(Cs、Rb、Th、K)和Pb,亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ti)和P、Ba负异常。岩相学和岩石地球化学特征指示黑马河花岗杂岩体具壳幔岩浆混合特征,形成于活动大陆边缘的俯冲环境,石英闪长岩为受俯冲流体交代的地幔楔部分熔融产生的基性岩浆演化的产物,花岗闪长岩则源自壳源岩浆与少量幔源岩浆的混合。黑马河花岗杂岩体是中三叠世早期宗务隆洋向南俯冲消减的岩浆记录。 相似文献
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对延边地区新田石英闪长岩进行锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学分析。获得石英闪长岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb加权平均年龄为139±2 Ma,属早白垩世。岩石地球化学特征表现为过铝质高钾钙碱性;稀土元素总量较低,轻稀土元素相对富集、轻重稀土分馏较明显,较弱的负Eu异常,大离子亲石元素(Rb、Ba、Sr)与活泼的不相容元素(U、Th)富集,高场强元素(Nb、Ta、P、Zr、Hf、Ti)亏损,微量元素比值总体接近地壳平均值,反映岩浆源区为下地壳。结合地球化学特征与区域构造演化背景,认为新田地区石英闪长岩岩体形成于与太平洋板块俯冲相关的活动大陆边缘环境。早白垩世早期是区内一个较重要的俯冲阶段,中酸性岩浆侵位活动较为发育。 相似文献
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安徽铜陵是我国著名的铜—金多金属矿集区,区内广泛出露与成矿作用有着密切关系的中酸性侵入岩,其中,凤凰山岩体是区内出露面积最大的岩体,岩体周围分布着许多重要的铜、金、钼等金属矿床。为了探讨凤凰山岩体的成因及构造意义,本文对该岩体开展了岩石学、锆石U-Pb年代学、岩石地球化学等方面的研究。研究结果表明,该岩体主要由花岗闪长岩和石英二长闪长岩组成,锆石LA-ICP-MS U-Pb年龄分别为140.6～144.7 Ma和142.2～143.4 Ma,反映岩体侵位时代为140.6～144.7 Ma。岩石主要由斜长石、石英、碱性长石组成,其次含角闪石、黑云母,副矿物为磷灰石、锆石等,岩体内部常见闪长质微粒包体。岩石的铝饱和指数A/CNK1.1,Na_2OK_2O,具Ⅰ型花岗岩特征。岩石的轻稀土元素富集而重稀土元素亏损,Eu呈较弱的负异常,富集Rb、Ba、Th、U、K等大离子亲石元素,相对亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素,反映其源岩可能主要为壳幔混合源,形成岩体的岩浆是由古老地壳部分熔融形成的长英质岩浆与起源于富集地幔的富碱玄武质岩浆混合后形成。 相似文献
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新疆阿尔泰巴利尔斯河一带岩体岩石类型复杂,主要岩石组合为花岗闪长岩、黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩。花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩中LA MC ICP MS锆石 U Pb测年结果分别为(3864±28) Ma和(3868±12) Ma。花岗闪长岩、黑云二长花岗岩和二长花岗岩地球化学分析结果显示,岩石SiO2含量为7433%～7670%,里特曼指数为149～204,A/CNK值介于100～107,大离子亲石元素Rb、Th等和轻稀土元素相对富集,高场强元素Sr、Ti、Nb等和重稀土元素则相对亏损,具较强的负Eu异常(δEu=031～084),表明该岩石为具有富钾、钙碱性、弱过铝质特征的高分异I型花岗岩。综合研究认为,巴利尔斯河一带岩体形成于与俯冲作用有关的活动大陆边缘的岩浆弧构造环境,是古亚洲洋向北俯冲消减过程中岩浆上侵就位的产物。 相似文献
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鲁西金岭闪长岩位于华北克拉通东南部,主要由辉石闪长岩-黑云母闪长岩组成。LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年测定闪长岩侵位年龄为(129.17±0.96)和(130.15±0.65)Ma,属于早白垩世岩浆活动的产物。闪长岩SiO2和K_2O的质量分数较低,MgO、Na_2O、Fe_2O_3、MgO和Al_2O_3的质量分数较高,Mg#为58.00~70.00。Na_2O/K_2O为1.08~2.96,相对富钠高铝,其里特曼指数为1.95~2.96,具有钙碱性系列的岩浆演化趋势。金岭闪长岩w(Ni)为99.00×10~(-6)~237.00×10~(-6),w(Cr)为270.00×10~(-6)~600.00×10~(-6),w(Co)为19.00×10~(-6)~44.00×10~(-6),表明其具有幔源岩浆的属性。稀土元素球粒陨石标准化曲线表明样品具有富集轻稀土元素(LREE),亏损重稀土元素(HREE)以及弱Eu(δEu为0.91~1.12)异常的特征。所有样品富集大离子亲石元素(Ba、K、Sr)和高场强元素Nd,亏损高场强元素Rb、Nb、Ta、Zr。样品中约2.5Ga古老锆石的存在证明岩浆源区受到古老下地壳物质的混染作用。鲁西金岭地区闪长岩应形成于太平洋板块俯冲后后撤引起的伸展环境,其岩浆源区是富集地幔起源的基性岩浆底侵华北古老下地壳并与下地壳熔融形成的壳源酸性岩浆混合过程的产物。 相似文献
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对出露于阿尔泰造山带南缘可可托海地区二厂房岩体中的黑云母花岗闪长岩进行了LA-ICP-MS锆石UPb定年和岩石地球化学分析。结果显示,锆石的206Pb/238U年龄加权平均值为398.0±3.5 Ma(MSWD=1.3),表明该岩体形成于早中泥盆世。岩体的SiO2含量介于65.40%～69.31%之间,里特曼指数值为1.27～1.65,A/CNK值为0.92～1.02,属中钾、钙碱性、准铝质岩石。具有富集Cs、Rb、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和轻稀土元素,相对亏损重稀土元素和Nb、Ta、Zr、Hf等高场强元素,负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.48～0.65)的岛弧岩浆岩特征。结合区域地质资料,认为二厂房岩体形成于陆缘弧构造环境,是在古亚洲洋俯冲过程中,幔源的基性岩浆底侵下地壳后使之熔融并发生了岩浆混合作用的产物。 相似文献
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江苏省宁镇地区位于长江中下游沿江成矿带的最东端,是长江中下游成矿带的重要组成部分,蒋庙岩体是宁镇地区唯一的基性岩体.对此岩体进行了锆石U-Pb年代学、矿物化学、岩石地球化学和Sr-Nd-Hf同位素研究,讨论了其成因及地幔源区性质.岩体主要由橄榄辉长岩、角闪辉长岩和辉石闪长岩组成,其中辉石闪长岩的锆石LA-ICP-MS(laser ablation inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry) U-Pb年龄为121±1 Ma.锆石εHf(t)值介于-2.9~-6.4.全岩地球化学研究显示岩石样品富钠低钾,富集轻稀土元素,重稀土元素亏损不明显,富集大离子亲石元素(如K、Ba、Sr等),亏损高场强元素(如Nb、Ta、Ti、Zr、Hf等).蒋庙基性侵入岩在长江中下游地区中生代岩浆岩中具有最高的εNd(t)值以及最低的(87Sr/86Sr)i值,其Sr-Nd同位素组成介于软流圈地幔(depleted MORB mantle,DMM)-富集岩石圈地幔(enriched mantle Ⅱ,EMⅡ)之间.研究认为,蒋庙岩体应来源于软流圈地幔和富集岩石圈地幔的混合组分,可能有少量的俯冲板片物质加入源区,并在成岩过程中经历了一定程度的结晶分异.结合区域地质、年代学、矿物学和地球化学资料,表明蒋庙岩体的形成可能与古太平洋板块俯冲事件密切相关. 相似文献
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西藏仲巴县天宫尼勒矽卡岩型铜金矿床锆石U-Pb年代学和岩石地球化学特征: 对成因及其成矿构造背景的指示 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
天宫尼勒铜金矿床位于冈底斯成矿带北部,是与花岗闪长岩关系密切的矽卡岩型矿床。花岗闪长岩锆石ICP-MSU-Pb年龄加权平均值为102.6±1.8Ma,指示该矿床形成于早白垩世。元素地球化学数据表明,花岗闪长岩具有高Al2O3,富Na2O,低TiO2等特点,属于准铝质、钙碱性岩石系列,微量元素富集大离子亲石元素(LILE),亏损高场强元素(HFSE)和重稀土元素,显示Nb和Ta的负异常,具有明显的岛弧型岩石的地球化学特征,岩石成因可能与班公湖-怒江洋壳板片俯冲所诱发的岩浆活动有关。结合区域构造演化,天宫尼勒铜金矿床形成于班公湖-怒江洋向南(即冈底斯地块)俯冲碰撞闭合之前的岛弧环境。 相似文献
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华北克拉通东部中生代期间受到古太平洋板块俯冲并引发一系列的构造-岩浆-成矿作用,但古太平洋俯冲作用开始的具体时限仍未有定论。本文对辽西兴城地区中生代药王庙-磨盘山岩体进行了系统的岩相学研究、锆石U-Pb同位素定年、全岩地球化学和锆石原位Hf同位素测试分析,结果显示,花岗质岩石中岩浆成因锆石加权平均年龄为193～186 Ma,岩体侵位于早侏罗世;岩石组合为石英二长岩-花岗闪长岩-二长花岗岩-正长花岗岩;岩石全碱含量较高,属准铝-弱过铝质、高钾钙碱性系列,具有与Ⅰ型花岗岩类似的岩石地球化学特征;岩石相对富集轻稀土元素和大离子亲石元素K、Pb等,而相对亏损高场强元素Nb、Ta、Ti等及P元素;岩浆成因锆石εHf(t)值为-12.94～-7.39,Hf同位素二阶段模式年龄为2.05～1.69 Ga,其初始岩浆可能来源于古老地壳的部分熔融并可能有幔源物质的参与。辽西兴城地区早侏罗世花岗岩岩石组合、岩石地球化学特征和与俯冲作用有关的活动陆缘花岗岩特征类似,岩石形成于古太平洋俯冲作用导致的活动陆缘构造背景下,结合区域研究资料,认为古太平洋对华北克拉通东部的俯冲作用开始于晚三叠世—早侏罗世,而早侏罗世花岗质岩浆活动是古太平洋板块对华北克拉通俯冲作用的响应。 相似文献
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Guboglo M. N. 《GeoJournal》1980,4(1):53-58
International unity is becoming ever stronger in this country owing to an increasing similarity in the development of the cultural environment. This comprises the provision of all the country's republics with a sufficient number of schools, theatres, and other institutions and cultural information media in accordance with the needs of the population. An important part is played by the rise in ‘the general educational level, as well as the level of professional qualifications and skills. Among all the Soviet nations and nationalities, this rise being more rapid among formerly backward peoples. Prominent among the factors of internationalization is the progressive development of the nationalities’ cultural resources, while professional culture is being increasingly brought within the reach of the masses.The implementation of the nationalities policy promotes the all-round development of all Soviet nations and nationalities, their drawing together, the upsurge of the individual capabilities of every Soviet citizen. 相似文献
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Deviation of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth
B. P. Kondratyev 《Astronomy Reports》2017,61(8):709-714
It is known from observations that the center of mass of the Moon does not coincide with the geometric center of its figure, and the line connecting these two centers is not aligned with the direction toward the center of the Earth, instead deviating toward the Southeast. This stationary deviation of the axis of the inertia ellipsoid of the Moon to the South of the direction toward the Earth is analyzed. A system of five linear differential equations describing the physical libration of the Moon in latitude is considered, and these equations are derived using a new vector method taking into account perturbations from the Earth and partly from the Sun. The characteristic equation of this system is obtained, and all five oscillation frequencies are found. Special attention is paid to the fifth (zero) frequency, for which the solution of the latitude libration equations are stationary and represents a previously unknown additional motion of the rotational axis of theMoon in a cone with a small opening angle. In contrast to the astronomical precession of the Earth, the rotation of the angular-velocity vector is in the positive direction (counter-clockwise), with the period T 3 = 27.32 days. On this basis, this phenomenon has been named “quasi-precession.” This quasi-precession leads to a stationary inclination of the major axis of the inertia ellipsoid of theMoon to the South (for an observer on Earth), making it possible to explain one component of the observed deviation of the center of mass of the Moon from the direction toward the Earth. The opening angle of the quasiprecession cone is approximately 0.834″. 相似文献
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Chronological analyses of correlations between certain global repeating events (mass extinctions of marine organisms, meteorite impacts, and flashes in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals) during the Phanerozoic Eon and the motion of the solar system in the Galaxy are presented for five rotationally symmetrical models for the regular Galactic gravitational field. Thirteen of sixteen mass-extinction events can be described by a repetition interval of 183±3 million years. This is in agreement with the anomalistic period (interval between two subsequent passages of the Sun through the apocenter of its Galactic orbit) in the model of Allen and Martos. The positions of the minima and maxima in Gaussian functions approximating the frequency distribution for geomagnetic reversals also agree with the times of passage of the Sun through the apocenter and pericenter, respectively, of its Galactic orbit in this model. The maximum in the distribution of the deviations of the dates of mass extinctions from the nearest dates of impacts of large, crater-forming bodies is close to zero, providing evidence that many such events are correlated. As a rule, extinctions follow impact events. The impacts of large bodies have occurred most often when the solar system passes through the Galactic plane, while mass extinctions occur more often at some distance from the Galactic plane (about 40 pc). As a rule, intervals of increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals coincide with dates of impacts of large bodies. At the same time, these intervals do not show a clear correlation with the dates of mass extinctions. The intensity of mass extinctions, like the energy released by impacts, is consistently higher in periods when the Sun is moving from the apocenter toward the pericenter of its orbit, than when it is moving from the pericenter toward the apocenter. Thus, there is evidence for a variety of relationships between repeating global events in the Phanerozoic and the motion of the Sun in the Galaxy. Long-period variations in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with the orbital motion of the Sun, and increases in the frequency of geomagnetic reversals are correlated with impacts. Mass extinctions are correlated with the impacts of large bodies, whose motions may have been perturbed by clouds of interstellar material concentrated toward the Galactic plane and by the shock front associated with the Perseus spiral arm, through which the solar system passes. The velocity of the Sun relative to the spiral pattern is estimated. 相似文献
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摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值问题探讨 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
通过对广珠东线高速公路横沥大桥的试桩及土体的工程地质条件分析,总结出影响摩擦桩基桩土间极限摩阻力取值的一般问题以及解决问题的方法和措施。 相似文献
17.
位于华北和扬子两板块碰撞带中的苏鲁榴辉岩形成的温压条件不但是超高压，而且是高温。榴辉岩的PTt轨迹表明其为陆-陆磁撞俯冲带的产物。榴辉岩的区域性围岩花岗质片麻岩为新元古代同碰撞期花岗岩，榴辉岩及其他直接围岩皆呈包体存在于其中，并见新元古代花岗岩呈脉状侵入榴辉岩包体中。区域性围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石中发现有柯石英、绿辉石等包裹体，表明新元古代花岗岩的组成物质也经受过超高压变质作用，且榴辉岩与围岩新元古代花岗岩的锆石U-Pb体系同位素年龄基本相同。但新元古代花岗岩所记录的变质作用和变形作用期次（或阶段）却少于榴辉岩。椐上述可得如下推断：超高压榴辉岩与新元古代花岗岩岩浆是同时在碰撞带底部（俯冲板块前部）形成的；榴辉岩的第一折返阶段是由新元古代花岗岩岩浆携带上升的，其第二折返阶段是和新元古代花岗岩一起由逆冲及区域性隆起而上升，遭受剥蚀。 相似文献
18.
某高速公路下伏煤矿采空区稳定性分析 总被引：10，自引：0，他引：10
在论述某高速公路下伏砦脖煤矿采空区地质、采矿和工程地质特征的基础上, 进行了稳定性数值模拟分析, 定性与定量地分析与评价了该煤矿采空区的地表变形特征及稳定性。研究结果表明: 该煤矿采空区的变形尚未完成, 对拟建的高速公路将产生很大的危害, 必须采取相应的工程治理措施。 相似文献
19.
The Importance of the Precipitation and the Susceptibility of the Slopes for the Triggering of Landslides Along the Roads 总被引：3，自引：1，他引：2
Clemente Irigaray Francisco Lamas Rachid El Hamdouni Tomás Fernández José Chacón 《Natural Hazards》2000,21(1):65-81
In order to characterise the influence of the heavyrains on the observed landslides during the 1996–1997hydrological cycle, rainfall records for the last 100years are analysed from 104 stations in easternAndalusia. Regarding the amounts of rain recordedbetween October 1996 and March 1997 in the 104stations studied, 31 presented new all-time records;15 presented values that were 80–100% of thepre-1995 record; 49 stations, 80–50%; and 9stations, < 50%. A map has been devised of thesusceptibility of the materials through which thesouth-eastern Andalusian road network crosses,together with an inventory of the damage caused byinstability phenomena on banks and cuttings of theroad network during the winter of 1996–1997. Therelationships between the rainfall during the studyperiod, the damage caused to the road network and thesusceptibility of the materials affected are analysed.The results indicate that there is a clearcorrespondence between the rainfall recorded and thesusceptibility of the materials with the inventorieddamage. It is concluded that the widespread seriousdamage caused in early 1997 to the roads andsurrounding areas in the Alpujarra region and thecoast of the Province of Granada was mainly caused bythe extraordinarily heavy rains. However, considerablyless damage was observed where the susceptibility ofthe terrain is low, thus highlighting the extremeusefulness of terrain-susceptibility maps for riskprevention and territorial planning. 相似文献
20.
The structure of the eastern Pyrenees consists mainly of south-directed thrusts involving basement and cover rocks. An antiformal stack developed by the piling up of basement thrust sheets which outcrop in the Axial zone. These structures account for a thin-skinned thrust model rather than a vertical fault model in which the Axial zone would be essentially autochthonous, and the North-Pyrenean fault the axial plane of a fan thrust system. New data from the Eastern Pyrenees and the thin-skinned model suggest that(1) the structure east of the Pedraforca nappe is similar to that of the Central Pyrenees; (2) the cover rocks of the South-Pyrenean units and of the Axial zone-after restoration—built up a northwards-thickening prism consistent with the existence of a unique Pyrenean sedimentary basin during Mesozoic time; (3) the Axial zone is only a complex antiformal stack developed as a part of South-Pyrenean system related to the Paleogene thrusting-tectonics. The Axial zone palaeogeographic area had no special meaning during Mesozoic time. 相似文献